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Benígna parciálna epilepsia s centrotemporálnymi (CT) hrotmi (BECT) patrí k najčastejšej forme parciálnych epileptických záchvatov v detskom veku. Autor analyzuje charakter, frekvenciu záchvatov a EEG nálezy u tejto formy epilepsie v súbore 20 detí (10 chlapcov a 10 dievčat) vo veku 3-12 rokov. Prvý záchvat sa objavil vo veku 2 11/12 až 1110/12 roka. 11 detí (55 %) malo záchvat medzi 5.-7. rokom, len jedno dieťa mladšie ako 5 rokov. Záchvaty sa vyskytovali prevažne v noci v spánku (16 detí, 80 %) rovnako pri zaspávaní ako pred zobudením. 2 deti mali záchvaty len cez deň, 2 deti v priebehu spánku i vo dne. Typické boli jednoduché parciálne záchvaty (JPZ) u 14 detí (70 %) zodpovedajúce ohnisku V senzomotorickom kortexe. 30 % detí malo generalizované záchvaty (GZ), 4 deti JPZ aj GZ. Frekvencia záchvatov nebola častá, v priemere 2krát do roka, pričom 1 záchvat malo 5 detí, menej ako 3 10 detí. 18 z 20 detí malo v EEG v bdelom stave CT hroty, 6 detí obojstranne. U 15 detí v spánkovom EEG alebo V EEG po spánkovej deprivácii sa zvýšila frekvencia výbojov, objavili sa výboje kontralaterálne (4krát) alebo generalizovane (5krát). 18 detí bolo liečených antiepileptikami (AE), najčastejšie užívali karbamazepín a sulthiam. Diagnóza BECT v typických prípadoch: JPZ v spánku, EEG nález CT hrotov a ich aktivácia spánkom nie je ťažká. Pri výskyte sporadických GZ v spánku je nevyhnutné urobiť spánkové EEG. Je dôležité myslieť na túto formu epilepsie a diagnostikovať ju, aby sa zabránilo zbytočným vyšetreniam a často aj liečbe. Diagnóza BECT umožňuje stanoviť priaznivú prognózu ochorenia.
Benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal (CT) spikes (BECT) is one of the most fi'equent forms of partial epileptic seizures in childhood. The author analyzes the character, frequency of seizures and EEG findings in this form of epilepsy in a group of 20 children (10 boys and 10 girls) aged 3-12 years. The first seizure occurred at the age of 2 11/12 to 1110/12 years. Eleven children (55 %) had the seizure at the age of 5-7 years, only one child before the age of 5 years. The seizures occurred mostly during the night while the child was asleep (16 children, 80 %) as well as when falling asleep or when awakening. Two children had seizures only in daytime, two children during sleep and in daytime. Simple partial seizures (SPS) were typical in 14 children (70 %) corresponding to a focus in the sensomotor cortex. 30 % children had slightly generalized seizures (GS), 4 children SPS and GS. The frequency of seizures was not high, on average twice a year, whereby one seizure was recorded in 5 children, less than three seizures were observed in 10 children. 18 of 20 children had in the EEG when awake CT spikes, 6 children bilateral spikes. In 15 children in the EEG during sleep or the EEG after sleep deprivation the frequency of discharges increased, contralateral discharges were recorded (4 times) or generalized ones (5 times). 18 children were treated by antiepileptic drugs, most frequently carbamazepine and sulthiam. The diagnosis of BECT in typical cases: SPS durhig sleep, EEG finding of CT spikes and their activation by sleep is not difficult. In case of sporadic GS during sleep an EEG during sleep must be made. It is important to take this form of epilepsy into account and to diagnose it to prevent unnecessary examinations and frequently also treatment. The diagnosis of BECT makes it possible to assess a favourable prognosis of the disease.
- Klíčová slova
- SULTHIAM,
- MeSH
- antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody MeSH
- epilepsie parciální diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
This study was designated to investigate the kinematical differences between successful and faulty spikes, in order to identify the best strategies leading to better spike performance. Simulating a real-game condition, 13 elite youth attackers performed 6 spikes in the presence of 2 blocks. The kinematic variables of the spike performances were recorded using 6 optoelectronic cameras (Vicon Motion systems, Oxford, UK). The paired sample t-test was used to compare the kinematic variables recorded during the delivery of successful and faulty spikes. Among the successful trials, both the angular velocities of the knees (≈12.4%) and hips (≈13.3%), and the vertical velocity of the centre of mass at take-off (≈6.5%) and arm swing (≈8.2%) were considerably higher during the plant phase. Consequently, the jump (≈4.3%) and spike (≈1.5%) heights, as well as the wrist velocity (≈5.5%), were significantly higher during the jump phase of successful spikes. In successful spike performances, the attackers adopted higher hip and knee angular velocities, combined with efficient arm swings, to produce higher take-off velocities and reach higher jump heights. This approach provides them with the better position regarding the ball and the blockers to find the best path and hit the ball with higher arm velocities.
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- koleno fyziologie MeSH
- kyčel fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loket fyziologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- motorické dovednosti fyziologie MeSH
- paže fyziologie MeSH
- rameno fyziologie MeSH
- sportovní výkon fyziologie MeSH
- studie pohybu a času MeSH
- volejbal fyziologie MeSH
- zápěstí fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) is the most frequent benign focal epilepsy in childhood. Although it is described as a benign epilepsy syndrome, many studies have revealed that a significant number of patients have some degree of neuropsychological impairment. Thirty-two patients with BCECTS aged 6-11years were included in the study. All patients (without any antiepileptic or psychiatric medication) underwent all-night EEG monitoring and complex neuropsychological testing to diagnose the presence of core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The spike index (number of spikes per minute) on awake and asleep EEG, age at seizure onset, family history of epilepsy, and perinatal risks were correlated with the results of neuropsychological testing. Of the 32 patients, 21 patients (65.6%) fulfilled the criteria for ADHD diagnosis. Children who were younger at epilepsy onset demonstrated lower IQ and higher attention deficit (P=0.004) and higher impulsivity (P=0.016). The occurence of epileptiform discharges on nocturnal EEG was positively related to higher attention deficit and higher impulsivity. The findings are discussed in terms of how interictal discharges in the centrotemporal region during sleep affect the development of cognitive functions in children during critical epochs of neuropsychological development.
- MeSH
- centra terciární péče MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektroencefalografie metody MeSH
- epilepsie Rolandova komplikace epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha komplikace epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- spánek MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Interictal epileptic spikes (IES) were recorded and averaged in 4-15 channels, in seven adult epileptics with intracerebral electrodes. IES relations were revealed by comparing the onset of the averaged IES in each channel, with one being used alternatively as the triggering channel. The records were analysed and sorted by comparing the morphology of individual IES and the final average morphology. There was a dominant group of IES on each recording site channel representing about 65-80% and decidedly influencing the average morphology of all IES. The major limitation of IES averaging is the loss of information due to the IES relative heterogeneity. Nevertheless, it reveals the main basic relationships in the large numbers of IES. On the other hand, IES averaging helps to minimize fortuitous spatiotemporal relations between recording sites. The relationship between IES in two channels was considered as significant only when these channels were observed both before and after the mutual switching of the role of triggered and triggering channel. The relations were then considered significant in only about 18% of all possible relations.
1st ed. ix, 307 s. : il. +disketa
Early implantable epilepsy therapy devices provided open-loop electrical stimulation without brain sensing, computing, or an interface for synchronized behavioural inputs from patients. Recent epilepsy stimulation devices provide brain sensing but have not yet developed analytics for accurately tracking and quantifying behaviour and seizures. Here we describe a distributed brain co-processor providing an intuitive bi-directional interface between patient, implanted neural stimulation and sensing device, and local and distributed computing resources. Automated analysis of continuous streaming electrophysiology is synchronized with patient reports using a handheld device and integrated with distributed cloud computing resources for quantifying seizures, interictal epileptiform spikes and patient symptoms during therapeutic electrical brain stimulation. The classification algorithms for interictal epileptiform spikes and seizures were developed and parameterized using long-term ambulatory data from nine humans and eight canines with epilepsy, and then implemented prospectively in out-of-sample testing in two pet canines and four humans with drug-resistant epilepsy living in their natural environments. Accurate seizure diaries are needed as the primary clinical outcome measure of epilepsy therapy and to guide brain-stimulation optimization. The brain co-processor system described here enables tracking interictal epileptiform spikes, seizures and correlation with patient behavioural reports. In the future, correlation of spikes and seizures with behaviour will allow more detailed investigation of the clinical impact of spikes and seizures on patients.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
