We studied whether one session of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied over either the right or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex would induce any measurable changes in the Tower of London spatial planning task performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten patients with PD (with no dementia and/or depression) entered the randomized, sham-stimulation-controlled study with a crossover design. Active and placebo rTMS were applied over either the left or the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (in four separate sessions) in each patient. The order of sessions was randomized. The Tower of London task was performed prior to and immediately after each appropriate session. The "total problem-solving time" was our outcome measure. Only active rTMS of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex induced significant enhancement of the total problem-solving time, p = 0.038. Stimulation of the left prefrontal cortex or sham stimulations induced no significant effects. Only rTMS applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex induced positive changes in the spatial planning task performance in PD, which further supports the results of functional imaging studies indicating the causal engagement of the right-sided hemispheric structures in solving the task in this patient population.

• MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• funkční lateralita fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc patologie   MeSH
• prefrontální mozková kůra patofyziologie   MeSH
• řešení problému MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transkraniální magnetická stimulace * MeSH
• záznam o duševním stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

The involvement of various neurotransmitter receptors in the brain in the regulation of spatial behavior is a focus of interest for many cognitive neuroscientists. Active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) task have been demonstrated to require spatial mapping and cognitive coordination and is highly dependent upon hippocampus. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the modulation of locomotor and spatial behavior in this task. Four doses of centrally active beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (5, 20, 25 and 30 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to testing in the place avoidance task. Four daily sessions were pursued, each lasting 20 min. A dose of 25 mg/kg was found to induce a deficit in spatial behavior (measured by number of entrances into the shock sector) without altering locomotion; lower doses were without effect. The highest dose (30 mg/kg) impaired both locomotion and avoidance behavior. The results suggest that beta-adrenoceptors are involved in the regulation of behavior in the place avoidance task and that it is possible to dissociate the effect of propranolol on the spatial performance and locomotion in the AAPA using dose-selection.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• beta blokátory farmakologie   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• propranolol farmakologie   MeSH
• prostorové chování účinky léků   MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• učení vyhýbat se účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used in epilepsy and neuroscience research to study brain activity. The principles of EEG recording such as signal acquisition, digitization, and conditioning share similarities between animal and clinical EEG systems. In contrast, preclinical EEG studies demonstrate more variability and diversity than clinical studies in the types and locations of EEG electrodes, methods of data analysis, and scoring of EEG patterns and associated behaviors. The TASK3 EEG working group of the International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force has developed a set of preclinical common data elements (CDEs) and case report forms (CRFs) for recording, analysis, and scoring of animal EEG studies. This companion document accompanies the first set of proposed preclinical EEG CRFs and is intended to clarify the CDEs included in these worksheets. We provide 7 CRF and accompanying CDE modules for use by the research community, covering video acquisition, electrode information, experimental scheduling, and scoring of EEG activity. For ease of use, all data elements and input ranges are defined in supporting Excel charts (Appendix S1).

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• podpůrné služby v nemocnici ekonomika   MeSH
• vliv směnného provozu na zdraví MeSH
• zdravotnická zařízení MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• pracovní uspokojení MeSH
• pracovní zátěž psychologie   MeSH
• vliv směnného provozu na zdraví MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Badatelský zájem o prokrastinaci lze pozorovat od 60. let minulého století. Prokrastinace, otálení před započetím práce nebo během dokončování nějakého úkolu, je v populaci studentů vysokých škol poměrně rozšířena. V článku představujeme přehled problematiky prokrastinace, který vychází z výsledků empirického výzkumu v oblasti prokrastinace. Prokrastinace je pro svou intraindividuální povahu obvykle zjišťována pomocí sebeposuzovacích škál. Autoři se pokusili validizovat sebeposuzovací škály prokrastinace na studentech českých vysokých škol. Studie měla kvantitativní a kvalitativní část. Dotazníková část byla provedena se 447 studenty vysokých škol (332 žen a 115 mužů), průměrný věk byl 22,3 let. Platnost škály byla ověřována také kvalitativním interview s participanty (8 mužů a 7 žen) ve věku od 22 do 27 let. Z výsledků vyplývá, že nejvalidnější metodou pro zjišťování prokrastinace v českém prostředí je Škála prokrastinace pro studenty.

• MeSH
• financování vládou MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobnostní dotazník MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• studium vysokoškolské MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The aim was to study the time-of-day variations of cortisol, fatigue and sleep disturbances in sound engineers in relation to job task and shift work. The concentration of saliva cortisol and feeling of stress, sleepiness and fatigue were followed at three hour intervals in 21 sound engineers: 13 sound engineers, aged 45.1 +/- 7.3 years, broadcasting in a life show during fast forward rotating shifts and 8 sound engineers, aged 47.1 +/- 9.8 years, making records in a studio during fast rotating day shifts. Cortisol concentration was assessed in saliva with radioimmunological kits. The participants reported for stress symptoms during the shifts and filled sleep diary. The data were analyzed by tests of between-subjects effects (SPSS). A trend for higher cortisol was found with the group broadcasting in a life show. The sound engineers broadcasting in a life show reported higher scores of stress, sleepiness and fatigue, but no significant differences concerning the sleep disturbances between the groups were found. In conclusion our data show moderate level of stress and fatigue with the studied sound engineers, higher with the subjects broadcasting in a life show. The quality of sleep showed no significant differences between the studied groups, an indication that the sound engineers were able to tolerate the fast forward rotating shifts.

• MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
• dyssomnie metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hromadné sdělovací prostředky MeSH
• hydrokortison metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci z povolání metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• personální obsazení a rozvrh MeSH
• psychický stres metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• sliny chemie   MeSH
• únava metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• vliv směnného provozu na zdraví MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Aim: To develop, implement, and evaluate a Nursing Care Score (NCS) system, built into the electronic health record, to optimize nursing workload and staff allocation. Design: A quality improvement (QI) initiative with a pre- and postimplementation design was conducted by an interprofessional team in the 33-bed cardio-thoracic unit of a 72-bed hospital in Palermo, Italy. Methods: A seven-phase process was used to develop, implement, and evaluate the NCS, which lists 53 nursing work tasks, each assigned a score from 1.5 to 5.0. The nurse-to-patient ratio on all shifts was determined by the NCS. Nurse satisfaction with both the existing system and the NCS workload system was assessed. Descriptive statistics and McNemar’s test were used to analyze the data. Results: At pre-implementation, 92.5% of nurses reported that the existing system was not effective, 87.5% reported it did not enable them to provide adequate nursing care, and 20.0% believed that workload was fairly distributed. At post-implementation, 75.0% of nurses reported that the NCS system was effective (p = 0.0348), 85.0% reported that the NCS system enabled them to provide adequate care, and 85.0% believed that workload was fairly distributed. An NCS score of 65 ± 5 was found to distribute workload most fairly. Conclusion: An automatic electronic operating system to generate a daily workload report based on the NCS was successfully implemented and evaluated. The NCS provided relevant information to guide nurse managers in defining nurse-to-patient ratio and determining staff allocation. Nurses were satisfied with the NCS system. The steps used to develop, implement, and evaluate the NCS system may be transferable to other units and other hospitals.

• MeSH
• elektronické zdravotní záznamy využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ošetřovatelská péče organizace a řízení   pracovní síly   MeSH
• personál sesterský nemocniční * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• personální obsazení a rozvrh - informační systémy * MeSH
• pracovní zátěž * MeSH
• řízení ošetřovatelství - výzkum MeSH
• zdravotní sestry organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

As Europe's population ages, disease morbidity and treatment costs in the adult population are likely to rise substantially, making this a pertinent time to review and revise preventive strategies such as vaccination. Vaccine uptake remains a problem for adults and there is a lack of coordinated programmes for vaccination of adults. Countries in Western Europe have begun to identify the need to increase adult vaccination, but the situation in Central European countries remains poorly identified and inadequately described. This paper summarises the evidence to support the development of an adult vaccination calendar in the Central European Vaccination Awareness Group (CEVAG) member countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Turkey). CEVAG recommends the introduction of an adult vaccination calendar, which should include vaccination against diseases that represent a large burden in adults in terms of mortality and morbidity. This calendar could be modified to meet the priorities of individual countries.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• očkovací schéma MeSH
• poradní výbory MeSH
• směrnice jako téma MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is an important tool to diagnose allergic rhinitis. In daily clinical routine, experimentally, or when measuring therapeutic success clinically, nasal allergen challenge is fundamental. It is further one of the key diagnostic tools when initiating specific allergen immunotherapy. So far, national recommendations offered guidance on its execution; however, international divergence left many questions unanswered. These differences in the literature caused EAACI to initiate a task force to answer unmet needs and find a consensus in executing nasal allergen challenge. On the basis of a systematic review containing nasal allergen challenges of the past years, task force members reviewed evidence, discussed open issues, and studied variations of several subjective and objective assessment parameters to propose a standardized way of a nasal allergen challenge procedure in clinical practice. Besides an update on indications, contraindications, and preparations for the test procedure, main recommendations are a bilaterally challenge with standardized allergens, with a spray device offering 0.1 mL per nostril. A systematic catalogue for positivity criteria is given for the variety of established subjective and objective assessment methods as well as a schedule for the challenge procedure. The task force recommends a unified protocol for NAC for daily clinical practice, aiming at eliminating the previous difficulty of comparing NAC results due to unmet needs.

• MeSH
• alergeny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• alergická rýma diagnóza   MeSH
• anafylaxe MeSH
• aplikace intranazální MeSH
• imunoglobulin E krev   MeSH
• kožní testy MeSH
• kýchání imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následná péče MeSH
• nosní obstrukce imunologie   MeSH
• nosní provokační testy metody   normy   trendy   MeSH
• nosní sliznice imunologie   MeSH
• nosní spreje MeSH
• poradní výbory * MeSH
• pruritus imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH