The aims were to explore the effect of head-up tilt (HUT) to 30 and 60 degrees on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation in anesthetized healthy swine. The data serve as a reference for a study of resuscitation efficacy at HUT such as during transport. Nine healthy swine (49+/-4 kg) were anesthetized and multiple sensors including myocardial pressure-volume loops catheter, carotid flow probe, blood pressure catheters, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oximetry and mixed venous oximetry (SVO2) catheter were introduced and parameters continuously recorded. Experimental protocol consisted of baseline in supine position (15 min), 30 degrees HUT (15 min), recovery at supine position (15 min) and 60 degrees HUT (5 min). Vacuum mattress was used for body fixation during tilts. We found that 30 and 60 degrees inclination led to significant immediate reduction in hemodynamic and oximetry parameters. Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) decreased from 98 at baseline to 53 and 39, respectively. Carotid blood flow dropped to 47 % and 22 % of baseline values, end diastolic volume to 49 % and 53 % and stroke volume to 47 % and 45 % of baseline. SVO2 and tissue oximetry decreased by 17 and 21 percentage points. The values are means. In conclusions, within minutes, both 30 and 60 degrees head-up tilting is poorly tolerated in anesthetized swine. Significant differences among individual animals exist.

• MeSH
• arteriae carotides patofyziologie   MeSH
• arteriální tlak MeSH
• blízká infračervená spektroskopie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• celková anestezie * MeSH
• hemodynamika * MeSH
• kyslík krev   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• ortostatická intolerance krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• oxymetrie metody   MeSH
• postura těla * MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• regionální krevní průtok MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• supinační poloha MeSH
• test na nakloněné rovině MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used in the management of refractory cardiac arrest. Our aim was to investigate early effects of ECMO after prolonged cardiac arrest. In fully anesthetized swine (48 kg, N=18) ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced and untreated period (20 min) of cardiac arrest commenced, followed by 60 min extracorporeal reperfusion (ECMO flow 100 ml/kg.min). Hemodynamics, arterial blood gasses, plasma potassium, tissue oximetry (StO2) and cardiac (EGM) and cerebral (BIS) electrophysiological parameters were continuously recorded and analyzed. Within 3 minutes of VF hemodynamic and oximetry parameters fall abruptly while metabolic parameters destabilize gradually over 20 minutes peaking at pH 7.04±0.05, pCO2 89±14 mmHg, K+ 8.5±1.6 mmol/l. During reperfusion most parameters restore rapidly: within 3-5 minutes mean arterial pressure reaches >40 mmHg, StO2>50 %, paO2>100 mmHg, pCO2<50 mmHg, K+<5 mmol/l. EGMs mean amplitude peaks at 4.5±2.4 min. Cerebral activity (BIS>60) reappeared in 5 animals after 87±21 min. In 12/18 animals return of spontaneous circulation was achieved. In conclusions, ECMO provides rapid restitution of internal milieu even after prolonged arrest. However, despite normalization of global parameters full recovery was not guaranteed since cardiac and cerebral electrical activities were sufficiently restored only in some animals. More sensitive and organ specific indicators need to be identified in order to estimate adequacy of cardiac support devices.

• MeSH
• analýza krevních plynů MeSH
• arteriální tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• fibrilace komor patofyziologie   MeSH
• kardiopulmonální resuscitace veterinární   MeSH
• mimotělní oběh * metody   rehabilitace   veterinární   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• reperfuze myokardu * metody   MeSH
• srdeční zástava * patofyziologie   rehabilitace   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

For human beings trace elements are essential nutrients with a gamut of functions. They are for instance indispensable components of many enzymes, so they have some regulatory functions and they may affect immune reactions and free radical generation. Altered blood levels of different trace elements have been described in patients with advanced renal failure and especially in those treated by different kinds of renal replacement therapy. Altered renal function may result in impaired renal excretion of trace elements and their accumulation or depletion in the body. The dialysate concentrate and water used for preparing the dialysate may be an important source of the accumulation or depletion of trace elements in dialyzed patients. The gain or loss of trace elements during dialysis depends on the gradient between the ultrafiltrable fraction of a particular element in serum and its concentration in the dialysis fluid, and also on the type and permeability of the dialysis membrane. There are some methodological problems concerning the handling and storing of blood samples and measurement techniques leading to the rather inconsistent results of different studies concerning trace elements in renal disease. Geographical variations and environmental contamination of soil and water and different dietary habits may significantly influence trace elements in these patients. The abnormalities of trace elements are primarily the result of uremia, and they may be further modified and sometimes greatly exacerbated by the dialysis procedure.

• MeSH
• artefakty MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické metody   MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin * metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• difuze MeSH
• flebotomie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• hemodialyzační roztoky analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stopové prvky analýza   aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

For human beings trace elements are essential nutrients with a gamut of functions. They are for instance indispensable components of many enzymes, so they have some regulatory functions and they may affect immune reactions and free radical generation. Abnormalities of trace elements are primarily the result of uremia, and they may be further modified and sometimes greatly exacerbated by the dialysis procedure. The role of trace elements in hemodialysis (HD) patients has not yet been fully characterized. To prevent some complications in chronic HD patients, it is very important to regulate the levels of trace elements by adequate water treatment. Reverse osmosis is able to prevent the accumulation of the majority of trace elements in the patients. Zinc supplementation may be recommended for patients with proven zinc deficiency, but for all chronic renal failure patients it is questionable. Selenium deficiency is to be suspected in dialyzed patients and selenium supplementation may be beneficial (increasing glutathione peroxidase activity, cardioprotective effect, immunostimulatory properties) for chronic renal failure patients. Supplementation with a trace element may be indicated when its depletion was unequivocally documented and when there is evidence of the positive effects of this element on the quality of life of the dialyzed patients.

• MeSH
• chemické techniky analytické metody   MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin * metabolismus   terapie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin přístrojové vybavení   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• difuze MeSH
• hemodialyzační roztoky analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kontinuální ambulantní peritoneální dialýza škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měď fyziologie   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• metaloproteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• selen fyziologie   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• stopové prvky analýza   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zinek fyziologie   nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nerandomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• chrom krev   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   MeSH
• hyperlipidemie krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfoproliferativní nemoci krev   MeSH
• renální insuficience krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species produced during metabolism of adriamycin are purported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental adriamycin nephropathy in rats. ICRF-187 (dexrazoxan, Cardioxan), an iron chelator, has been shown to inhibit adriamycin-induced formation of hydroxyl radical and to decrease adriamycin cardiotoxicity in oncological patients. The aim of our study was to assess the putative protective role of ICRF-187 in adriamycin nephropathy by evaluating the possible participation of free radicals in its pathogenesis. METHODS: We examined five experimental groups. Group A, received a single dose of adriamycin (5 mg/kg bw i.v.), group CA was given a single dose of ICRF-187 (100 mg/kg bw i.v.) before adriamycin administration, group CCA received a single dose of ICRF-187 (100 mg/kg bw i.v.) before adriamycin administration followed by three weekly intraperitoneal injections (100 mg/kg bw) ICRF-187. Group CC received one dose of ICRF-187 (100 mg/kg bw i.v.) followed by three weekly intraperitoneal injections of ICRF-187, and group N served as control receiving saline. Common biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase--GPx and superoxide dismutase--SOD) in blood and kidney homogenates were measure and histology of the kidney was studied after the rats were sacrificed. RESULTS: Full-blown nephrotic syndrome developed after 3 weeks only in A rats. Nephrotic syndrome was completely prevented in all ICRF-187 treated rats (CA, CCA). Proteinuria was significantly increased in A rats (108.2 + 48.4 mg/l of glomerular filtrate) compared with CA (12.4 + 6.8 mg/l, P < 0.0001) and with N (6.1 + 3.5 mg/l, P < 0.0001). Total MDA in erythrocytes was significantly increased only in A rats (1.7 + 0.3 micromol/l) and was completely normalized by ICRF-187 in CA (1.1 + 0.2 micromol/l, P < 0.001). Total TBARS and MDA in kidney homogenates were significantly elevated in groups with repeated administration of ICRF-187 (CC and CCA rats) compared to N, CA, A groups. Activity of GPx and SOD in kidney homogenate and in erythrocytes was not significantly increased by ICRF-187 in adriamycin treated rats. Histologic changes in A rats resembled minimal change nephropathy with fusion of foot processes and hyaline casts in tubules. There was only minimal mesangial proliferation and perivascular mast cell infiltrates in all groups of ICRF-187-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ICRF-187, probably by chelation iron, completely protected rats from adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. It supports the role of iron-mediated reactive oxygen species in the development of this type of glomerular injury. However, repeated administration of ICRF-187 alone is able to increase parameters of oxidative stress in the kidney.

• MeSH
• chelátory * farmakologie   MeSH
• doxorubicin * MeSH
• erytrocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• ledviny metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• malondialdehyd krev   MeSH
• nefrotický syndrom chemicky indukované   krev   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• razoxan * farmakologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH