PURPOSE: Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is the most aggressive monoclonal gammopathy. It was formerly characterized by ≥ 20% circulating plasma cells (CTCs) until 2021, when this threshold was decreased to ≥ 5%. We hypothesized that primary PCL is not a separate clinical entity, but rather that it represents ultra-high-risk multiple myeloma (MM) characterized by elevated CTC levels. METHODS: We assessed the levels of CTCs by multiparameter flow cytometry in 395 patients with newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible MM to establish a cutoff for CTCs that identifies the patients with ultra-high-risk PCL-like MM. We tested the cutoff on 185 transplant-eligible patients with MM and further validated on an independent cohort of 280 transplant-ineligible patients treated in the GEM-CLARIDEX trial. The largest published real-world cohort of patients with primary PCL was used for comparison of survival. Finally, we challenged the current 5% threshold for primary PCL diagnosis. RESULTS: Newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible patients with MM with 2%-20% CTCs had significantly shorter progression-free survival (3.1 v 15.6 months; P < .001) and overall survival (14.6 v 33.6 months; P = .023) than patients with < 2%. The 2% cutoff proved to be applicable also in transplant-eligible patients with MM and was successfully validated on an independent cohort of patients from the GEM-CLARIDEX trial. Most importantly, patients with 2%-20% CTCs had comparable dismal outcomes with primary PCL. Moreover, after revealing a low mean difference between flow cytometric and morphologic evaluation of CTCs, we showed that patients with 2%-5% CTCs have similar outcomes as those with 5%-20% CTCs. CONCLUSION: Our study uncovers that ≥ 2% CTCs is a biomarker of hidden primary PCL and supports the assessment of CTCs by flow cytometry during the diagnostic workup of MM.
The clinical course of essential thrombocythemia (ET) is complicated with thrombosis which significantly impacts patients' mortality. Studies have identified JAK2V617F mutation as an independent risk factor for thrombosis. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) were evaluated in several studies regarding myeloproliferative neoplasms and thrombosis as potential biomarkers. The present study investigates the relationship between JAK2V617F mutation and EVs levels in 119 ET patients. Our analyses revealed that JAK2V617F-positive patients are at a significantly increased risk of thrombosis within five years before the ET diagnosis (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 11.9 [1.7-83.7], P = 0.013), and that JAK2V617F mutation is an independent risk factor for thrombosis at ET diagnosis or during the follow-up (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 3.56 [1.47-8.62], P = 0.005). ET patients have higher levels of platelet-EVs, erythrocyte-EVs and procoagulant activity of EVs than the healthy population. Absolute and relative counts of platelet-EVs are increased in the presence of JAK2V617F mutation (P = 0.018, P = 0.024, respectively). In conclusion, our results support the role of JAK2V617F mutation in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in essential thrombocythemia through enhancing platelet activation.
Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD) is an aggressive disease; malignant plasma cells lose their dependence in the bone marrow microenvironment and migrate into tissues. EMD is a negative prognostic factor of survival. Using flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing, we aimed to identify antigens and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in EMD pathogenesis. Flow cytometry analysis revealed significant differences in the level of clonal plasma cells between MM and EMD patients, while the expression of CD markers was comparable between these two groups. Further, miR-26a-5p and miR-30e-5p were found to be significantly down-regulated in EMD compared to MM. Based on the expression of miR-26a-5p, we were able to distinguish these two groups of patients with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the involvement of deregulated miRNAs in cell cycle regulation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and signaling pathways associated with infections or neurological disorders was observed using GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analysis. Subsequently, a correlation between the expression of analyzed miRNAs and the levels of CD molecules was observed. Finally, clinicopathological characteristics as well as CD antigens associated with the prognosis of MM and EMD patients were identified. Altogether, we identified several molecules possibly involved in the transformation of MM into EMD.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA * genetika MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * genetika MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- buněčné klony účinky léků patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- plazmatické buňky účinky léků patologie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom * genetika MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- reziduální nádor MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
BACKGROUND: Natalizumab is an effective therapy in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; it induces lymphocytosis (NIL, natalizumab-induced lymphocytosis) and changes the peripheral lymphocyte pattern. METHODS: This study aims to evaluate NIL, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, and their impacts on JCV index and clinical data-No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA-3) and annualized relapse rate (ARR) in patients treated with natalizumab. RESULTS: Forty-one patients (33 women) were included in the study. The mean duration of follow-up on natalizumab treatment was 6.7 ± 3.2 years. Significant increases in relative lymphocytosis after 1 month, with a median of 40.4% (- 34.1 to + 145.5%) (p < 0.001), and after 1 year (49.0% (- 9.3 to + 127.6%)) (p < 0.001) were found. Significant differences were found after 1 month when comparing NIL between patients JCV-seroconverting (20.6% (- 17.7 to 72.7%)) and stable JCV-seronegative ones (43.5% (- 6.3 to +96.3%)) (p = 0.04). No significant difference NIL level was found between the patients exhibiting NEDA-3 status and those without it. ARR on natalizumab treatment correlated with CD4/CD8 ratio (r = 0.356; p = 0.021); patients who maintained NEDA-3 status over the whole treatment period exhibited a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (1.89 ± 1.08 vs. 2.5 ± 0.73; p < 0.04). CONCLUSION: This contribution reports the CD4/CD8 ratio as a possible biomarker for better clinical efficacy of natalizumab in patients exhibiting a lower CD4/CD8 ratio. NIL did not correlate with long-term therapeutic efficacy in patients treated with natalizumab, but was demonstrated as lower in patients JCV-seroconverting in the course of follow-up.
- MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty MeSH
- imunologické faktory škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocytóza * chemicky indukované MeSH
- natalizumab škodlivé účinky MeSH
- progresivní multifokální leukoencefalopatie * MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
- virus JC * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
Nestr.
Mass of multiple myeloma aberrant cells represents at the time of diagnosis a mixture of multiple independent clones that vary in size with time. Population of aberrant cells of minimal residual disease (MRD) represents only a subset of clones from their complex pool, which survived the treatment. The reduction of the number of multiple myeloma clones is associated with decreased genetic variability. Decrease in intratumor heterogeneity after frontline therapy allows implementation of individualized therapy targeting residual clone. Genome wide sequencing combined with gene expression profiling of residual clone will enable to identify key set of mutations and/or affected pathways that can be eliminated by some of the novel targeted therapeutic agents.
Masa aberantních buněk mnohočetného myelomu je v době diagnózy složena ze směsi několika nezávislých klonů s proměnlivou velikostí v čase. Populace aberantních buněk minimální reziduální nemoci (MRN) představuje pouze podmnožinu klonů z původního množství, které přežily léčbu. Zmenšení počtu klonů mnohočetného myelomu je spojeno se snížením celkové genetické variability. Snížení heterogenity uvnitř nádoru po aplikaci primární terapie dovoluje zařazení individualizované léčby zacílené na zbytkový klon. Genomové sekvenování spolu s profilováním genové exprese ve zbytkovém klonu umožní identifikovat sadu klíčových mutací a/nebo poškozených metabolických drah, které mohou být odstraněny některou z nových cílených terapeutických látek.
- MeSH
- buněčné klony MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie metody MeSH
- genom lidský MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody MeSH
- reziduální nádor farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- onkologie
- genetika, lékařská genetika
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
