Cíl: Přehled současných znalostí o patofyziologii, možnostech diagnostiky a léčbě chronické endometritidy u neplodných žen. Metodika a výsledky: Jedním z významných příčin neúspěšné in vitro fertilizace (IVF) jsou nediagnostikované intrauterinní patologie, mezi které patří i chronický zánět děložní sliznice (CE – endometritis chronica). Nicméně někteří autoři negativní vliv CE na reprodukční výsledky relativizují. Etiopatogeneze CE je způsobena kvalitativní a kvantitativní změnou endometriálního mikrobiomu s abnormálním pomnožením mikroorganizmů přirozeně se vyskytujících v dutině děložní nebo v pochvě. Neexistuje jednotná shoda o nejčastějším patogenu způsobujícím CE. CE je charakterizována infiltrací plazmatických buněk do stromatu endometria mimo menstruační cyklus doprovázený hyperemií a edémem endometria. Klinické příznaky jsou velmi mírné nebo chybí. Stanovení diagnózy CE je často obtížné, protože neexistuje žádná specifická klinická ani laboratorní diagnostická metoda. Pro diagnostiku CE se běžně používají následující vyšetřovací možnosti: diagnostická hysteroskopie, histopatologické vyšetření endometria vč. imunochistochemie CD 138 a kultivace z dutiny děložní. Avšak standardizovaná mezinárodní hysteroskopická a histopatologická kritéria pro přesné stanovení diagnózy CE stále chybí. Empiricky podaná antibiotická terapie zlepšuje u neplodných pacientek s prokázanou CE úspěšnost otěhotnění a donošení životaschopného plodu. Článek kromě přehledu současných poznatků o CE diskutuje význam hysteroskopie v diagnostickém procesu. Závěr: CE je často klinicky němé onemocnění s negativním dopadem na reprodukci neplodných žen. Zavedení hysteroskopie do diagnostického postupu je pro klinickou praxi důležité, ale hysteroskopie nezřídka ani v kombinaci s histologickým vyšetřením endometria neumožňuje jednoznačnou diagnózu CE. Dosavadní znalosti by měly upřesnit další prospektivní randomizované studie na vybrané skupině žen s prokázanou CE a s opakovaným selháním implantace prokazatelně euploidních embryí.
Objective: A review of current knowledge on the pathophysiology, diagnostic and treatment options for chronic endometritis in infertile women. Methods and results: One of the major causes of failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) is undiagnosed intrauterine pathologies, including chronic inflammation of the uterine mucosa – chronic endometritis. However, some authors relativize the negative impact of chronic endometritis on reproductive outcomes. The etiopathogenesis of chronic endometritis is due to qualitative and quantitative changes in the endometrial microbiome with abnormal multiplication of microorganisms naturally occurring in the uterine cavity or vagina. There is no uniform consensus on the most common pathogen causing chronic endometritis. It is characterized by infiltration of plasma cells into the endometrial stroma outside the menstrual cycle, accompanied by hyperaemia and endometrial oedema. Clinical symptoms are very mild or absent. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis is often difficult because there is no specific clinical or laboratory diagnostic method. The following investigative options are commonly used for the diagnosis of chronic endometritis: diagnostic hysteroscopy, histopathological examination of the endometrium including CD 138 immunohistochemistry and culture from the uterine cavity. However, standardised international hysteroscopic and histopathological criteria for accurate diagnosis of chronic endometritis are still lacking. Empirically administered antibiotic therapy improves the success rate of pregnancy and delivery of a viable foetus in infertile patients with proven chronic endometritis. In addition to reviewing the current knowledge of chronic endometritis, this article discusses the importance of hysteroscopy in the diagnostic process. Conclusion: Chronic endometritis is often a clinically silent disease with negative impact on reproduction in infertile women. Although there are still many unresolved issues, the introduction of hysteroscopy into the diagnostic process is important for clinical practice; however, hysteroscopy even in combination with histological examination of the endometrium, often does not allow an unequivocal diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Further prospective randomised studies in a selected group of women with proven chronic endometritis and repeated failure to implant proven euploid embryos should refine this knowledge.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- diagnostické techniky porodnicko-gynekologické MeSH
- endometritida * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- hysteroskopie MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženská infertilita * etiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
STUDY QUESTION: Is it possible to define a set of performance indicators (PIs) for clinical work in ART, which can create competency profiles for clinicians and for specific clinical process steps? SUMMARY ANSWER: The current paper recommends six PIs to be used for monitoring clinical work in ovarian stimulation for ART, embryo transfer, and pregnancy achievement: cycle cancellation rate (before oocyte pick-up (OPU)) (%CCR), rate of cycles with moderate/severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (%mosOHSS), the proportion of mature (MII) oocytes at ICSI (%MII), complication rate after OPU (%CoOPU), clinical pregnancy rate (%CPR), and multiple pregnancy rate (%MPR). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: PIs are objective measures for evaluating critical healthcare domains. In 2017, ART laboratory key PIs (KPIs) were defined. STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION: A list of possible indicators was defined by a working group. The value and limitations of each indicator were confirmed through assessing published data and acceptability was evaluated through an online survey among members of ESHRE, mostly clinicians, of the special interest group Reproductive Endocrinology. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS: The online survey was open for 5 weeks and 222 replies were received. Statements (indicators, indicator definitions, or general statements) were considered accepted when ≥70% of the responders agreed (agreed or strongly agreed). There was only one round to seek levels of agreement between the stakeholders.Indicators that were accepted by the survey responders were included in the final list of indicators. Statements reaching less than 70% were not included in the final list but were discussed in the paper. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Cycle cancellation rate (before OPU) and the rate of cycles with moderate/severe OHSS, calculated on the number of started cycles, were defined as relevant PIs for monitoring ovarian stimulation. For monitoring ovarian response, trigger and OPU, the proportion of MII oocytes at ICSI and complication rate after OPU were listed as PIs: the latter PI was defined as the number of complications (any) that require an (additional) medical intervention or hospital admission (apart from OHSS) over the number of OPUs performed. Finally, clinical pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate were considered relevant PIs for embryo transfer and pregnancy. The defined PIs should be calculated every 6 months or per 100 cycles, whichever comes first. Clinical pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate should be monitored more frequently (every 3 months or per 50 cycles). Live birth rate (LBR) is a generally accepted and an important parameter for measuring ART success. However, LBR is affected by many factors, even apart from ART, and it cannot be adequately used to monitor clinical practice. In addition to monitoring performance in general, PIs are essential for managing the performance of staff over time, and more specifically the gap between expected performance and actual performance measured. Individual clinics should determine which indicators are key to the success in their organisation based on their patient population, protocols, and procedures, and as such, which are their KPIs. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION: The consensus values are based on data found in the literature and suggestions of experts. When calculated and compared to the competence/benchmark limits, prudent interpretation is necessary taking into account the specific clinical practice of each individual centre. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The defined PIs complement the earlier defined indicators for the ART laboratory. Together, both sets of indicators aim to enhance the overall quality of the ART practice and are an essential part of the total quality management. PIs are important for education and can be applied during clinical subspecialty. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: This paper was developed and funded by ESHRE, covering expenses associated with meetings, literature searches, and dissemination. The writing group members did not receive payment.Dr G.G. reports personal fees from Merck, MSD, Ferring, Theramex, Finox, Gedeon-Richter, Abbott, Biosilu, ReprodWissen, Obseva, PregLem, and Guerbet, outside the submitted work. Dr A.D. reports personal fees from Cook, outside the submitted work; Dr S.A. reports starting a new employment in May 2020 at Vitrolife. Previously, she has been part of the Nordic Embryology Academic Team, with meetings were sponsored by Gedeon Richter. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. DISCLAIMER: This document represents the views of ESHRE, which are the result of consensus between the relevant ESHRE stakeholders and where relevant based on the scientific evidence available at the time of preparation.The recommendations should be used for informational and educational purposes. They should not be interpreted as setting a standard of care, or be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care nor exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. They do not replace the need for application of clinical judgment to each individual presentation, nor variations based on locality and facility type.Furthermore, ESHREs recommendations do not constitute or imply the endorsement, recommendation, or favouring of any of the included technologies by ESHRE.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: V průběhu 30. sympozia asistované reprodukce konaného 11. listopadu 2020 v Brně byla prezentována problematika řešená v reprodukční medicíně v ČR v roce 2020. Vybraná témata se týkala aktuálních otázek z oblasti klinické embryologie a genetiky, gynekologie, ale i legislativy či etiky. Řešená témata: 1. Kolik času má lékař v ambulanci centra asistované reprodukce na pacientku a jak s klienty komunikuje embryolog? 2. Reprodukce a preimplantační genetické testování monogenních chorob (PGT-M) u onkologických pacientů a pacientů v riziku s hereditárními onkogenními mutacemi. 3. Neinvazivní genetické testování embryí z kultivačního média. 4. Editace genomu. 5. Jaká je potřeba monitorování hormonálních hladin ve stimulačních protokolech? 6. Monitoring a výběr embrya pro transfer/ kryokonzervaci. 7. Nastal čas změnit zákon o odměňování dárců/ dárkyň? Metodika: Témata předem připravili pověření členové naší společnosti s úkolem vypracovat teze, které prezentovali v samostatném konferenčním bloku. Prezentace i s diskuzí byla vysílána přímo z vysílacího studia v Hotelu International online připojením. Po skončení konference byly všechny diskuzní náměty a připomínky zapracovány. Závěr: Práce předkládá stav řešených problémů reprodukční medicíny v ČR.
Introduction: During the 30th symposium of assisted reproduction held on November 11, 2020 in Brno, the solved problems in reproductive medicine in the Czech Republic in 2020 were presented. The selected topics have concerned not only current issues in the field of clinical embryology and genetics as well as gynecology, but also legislation and ethics. Discussed topics: 1. How much time does the doctor have in the CAR (centrum of assisted reproduction) outpatient clinic per patient and how does the embryologist communicate with clients? 2. Reproduction and PGT-M in oncology patients and patients at risk with hereditary oncogenic mutations. 3. Non-invasive genetic testing of embryos from culture medium. 4. Genome editing. 5. What is the need to monitor hormonal levels in stimulation protocols? 6. Monitoring and embryo selection for transfer/kryo. 7. Is it time to change the law on donor remuneration? Methods: The topics were prepared in advance by authorized members of our company with the task of elaborating theses, which they presented in a separate conference block. The presentation and the discussion were broadcast directly from the broadcast studio at Hotel International via an online connection. After the conference, all discussion topics and comments were incorporated. Conclusion: The work presents the state of the solved problems of reproductive medicine in the Czech Republic.
- Klíčová slova
- monitoring embryí,
- MeSH
- asistovaná reprodukce MeSH
- editace genu MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro MeSH
- genetické testování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reprodukční lékařství * MeSH
- reprodukční techniky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Incidence RS stoupá, a to zejména u mladých žen (20 -40let). Se zvyšující se incidencí nemoci stoupají i naše zkušenosti s vedením těhotenství u těchto pacientek. V průběhu gravidity dochází průběžně k poklesu rizika relapsů, zvláště ve III. trimetru. Po porodu se po přechodném zvýšení (3 měsíce) aktivita nemoci vrací zpátky k hodnotám před graviditou. Použití „disease modifying therapy“ (DMT) u žen s RS vede ke klinické stabilizaci choroby, čímž tvoří ideální podmínky pro plánovanou koncepci. Pacienti s RS mohou v období léčby DMT použít většinu antikoncepčních metod. Průběh onemocnění RS není těhotenstvím negativně ovlivněn, péče o těhotné a perinatální výsledky jsou srovnatelné s běžnou populací. Vzhledem k četnosti poruch plodnosti v populaci se tato problematika dotýká i pacientek s RS, kdy v období stabilizace choroby lze metod asistované reprodukce využít.
The incidence of MS is increasing, especially in young women (20-40 years). As incidence increases, experience in the management of pregnancies in these patients also accumulates. During pregnancy, the risk of relapse declines continuously especially in the third trimester. After childbirth, disease activity after temporary increase (3 months) returns to pre-pregnancy levels at about 6 months. Use of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in women with MS leads to clinical disease stabilization, making it ideal conditions for planned conception. MS patients may use the majority of contraceptive methods while being under DMT. The course of MS is not influenced by pregnancy, and the care of pregnant women and neonatal outcomes are similar to that of women without MS. Due to the frequency of fertility disorders in the population, this issue also affects patients with MS, where during the period of stabilization of the disease the methods of assisted reproduction can be used.
- MeSH
- asistovaná reprodukce MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- porod MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- asistovaná reprodukce etika trendy MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro etika metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zachování plodnosti trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- MeSH
- asistovaná reprodukce * MeSH
- kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- řízení kvality * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH