Parish priest Josef Toufar died as a direct consequence of torture committed by Communist State Security Service agents, forcing him to confess that "miraculous" movement of crucifix above the main altar during the Holy Mass held in the Roman-Catholic church in Číhošť was staged by using a technical equipment. Josef Toufar was presumably buried in a mass grave at the cemetery in Prague-Ďáblice under a false name Josef Zouhar. In 2013 the Czech Bishops' Conference grant an approval to begin the process of his beatification. However, the beatification required the exhumation and identification of the remains. In this case report, we describe the process of searching, exhumation, and the combined A-STR/Y-STR DNA analysis of remains of Pater Josef Toufar. His identification was feasible due to kinship analysis: buccal swabs of three family members (niece, grand-niece, and grand-nephew) were available for testing.
- MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting metody MeSH
- duchovenstvo MeSH
- exhumace MeSH
- komunismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský chromozom Y * MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice * MeSH
- mučení MeSH
- oběti zločinu * MeSH
- pohřeb MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- tělesné pozůstatky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- exhumace MeSH
- tělesné pozůstatky * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- významné osobnosti MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
Thirteen samples of ancient human dental calculus were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Samples came from ten adults from the necropolis Znojmo-Hradiště which is dated to the Great Moravian period (the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th century AD). SEM allowed observation and measurement of the excavated calculus objects with submicrometer resolution. Therefore it was possible to estimate plant/vegetable fibers and all bacterial morphological types like rods, cocci, spirals and filamentous forms. This confirms high oral bacterial diversity of medieval agriculturalists which is in agreement with recent molecular studies, but without destruction of samples and with lower costs. Presence of plant/vegetable fibers in dental calculus validated the vegetable part of the diet of early medieval Slavs found directly in excavated human skeletons.
- Klíčová slova
- Morava (Česko),
- MeSH
- archeologie metody MeSH
- Bacteria izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- exhumace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací metody MeSH
- tělesné pozůstatky MeSH
- zubní kámen * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Recently, there have been two international bioarchaeological projects focusing on LBK: "Biological and cultural identity of first farmers: Multiple bio-archaeological analysis of a central European cemetery (Vedrovice) project" known also as "Vedrovice bioarchaeology project" and "The first farmers of central Europe: diversity in LBK lifeways". We took a similar approach at a local level and analysed dental microwear pattern by comparing the results with already published stable isotopic data (carbon & nitrogen) (Richards et al. 2008, Smrčka et al. 2005, 2008a and Whittle et al. 2013) to deepen our knowledge about the dietary habits of individuals living and eating in the early LBK. Buccal dental microwear analysis as a short-term indicator of diet was carried out on a sample of 43 individuals from the Vedrovice site (Czech Republic) and of 49 individuals from the Nitra - Horné Krškany site (Slovakia) with wellpreserved dental enamel to compare site-based diversity using dental microwear. Both sites belong among the earliest cemeteries in the Central European region (or in a broader sense, the Middle Danube area) as they are dated to Neolithic period, specifically the early phase of LBK, since the burials in Vedrovice and Nitra mostly spanned 53rd–52nd century cal BC (Pettitt, Hedges 2008, Griffiths 2013, Whittle et al. 2013). For each individual, replicas of the buccal surface of molars or premolars that showed clear microwear patterns were analysed by secondary electrons of a scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, results were compared with published datasets acquired from studies of various modern hunter-gatherers, pastoral, and agricultural populations with different dietary habits (Lalueza et al. 1996). By comparing adult males and females (n = 33) within the Vedrovice sample including two cemeteries and settlement, no sex related differences were observed in dental microwear pattern, which is contrary to a previously published paper on a sample of 18 individuals buried at Vedrovice - Široká u lesa cemetery (Jarošová 2008), where a statistically significant sex related difference was observed, with a higher vegetal intake for females than males inferred. Similarly, no sex related differences between adults were observed within the Nitra population (n = 31).However, an age-related variability was observed between adults and subadults within both studied samples with more obvious differences in the Vedrovice sample, which may have resulted from different ratios of meat and vegetable intake. Adults from Nitra had a distinct microwear pattern to adults from Vedrovice. In another group of analysed individuals from Vedrovice and Nitra - Horné Krškany, slightly different results were observed in the published stable isotopic data: carbon and nitrogen isotopic data, as a long-term indicator of diet, proved no statistical difference between the diet of subadults and adults within both studied samples and no difference between diet of adult males and females in Nitra site. On the contrary, statistically significant differences were observed between adult males and females in Vedrovice in terms of nitrogen data indicating a higher protein based diet in males. The subject of this article is a detailed analysis of the two populations using different groups of individuals and methodologies; as wells as a comparison of selected individuals for which both types of analyses were conducted to elucidate the dietary habits of the two biggest LBK populations in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
- MeSH
- archeologie * metody MeSH
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- exhumace MeSH
- izotopy analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací metody MeSH
- opotřebení zubů * mikrobiologie MeSH
- tělesné pozůstatky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
