• Keywords
• hyperaktivita,
• MeSH
• Autistic Disorder diagnosis   MeSH
• Central Nervous System growth & development   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Central Nervous System Diseases classification   congenital   MeSH
• Brain Diseases diagnostic imaging   diagnosis   classification   pathology   MeSH
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders * diagnosis   classification   pathology   MeSH
• Neurulation MeSH
• Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Development of neural tube has been extensively modeled in vitro using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that are able to form radially organized cellular structures called neural rosettes. While a great amount of research has been done using neural rosettes, studies have only inadequately addressed how rosettes are formed and what the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in their formation are. Here we address this question by detailed analysis of the expression of pluripotency and differentiation-associated proteins during the early onset of differentiation of hPSCs towards neural rosettes. Additionally, we show that the BMP signaling is likely contributing to the formation of the complex cluster of neural rosettes and its inhibition leads to the altered expression of PAX6, SOX2 and SOX1 proteins and the rosette morphology. Finally, we provide evidence that the mechanism of neural rosettes formation in vitro is reminiscent of the process of secondary neurulation rather than that of primary neurulation in vivo. Since secondary neurulation is a largely unexplored process, its understanding will ultimately assist the development of methods to prevent caudal neural tube defects in humans.

• MeSH
• Cell Differentiation * MeSH
• COUP Transcription Factor II genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• POU Domain Factors genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Homeodomain Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Cells, Cultured MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neural Stem Cells cytology   metabolism   MeSH
• Neural Tube cytology   embryology   metabolism   MeSH
• Neurulation * MeSH
• Pluripotent Stem Cells cytology   metabolism   MeSH
• PAX6 Transcription Factor genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Cell Differentiation physiology   MeSH
• Central Nervous System physiology   metabolism   growth & development   MeSH
• Cytokines metabolism   adverse effects   drug effects   MeSH
• Embryonic Development * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurogenesis physiology   MeSH
• Neurulation physiology   MeSH
• Infant, Premature metabolism   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Fatty Acids, Omega-3 metabolism   MeSH
• Receptors, Notch physiology   metabolism   MeSH
• Transcription Factors physiology   metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH