• MeSH
• Genital Diseases, Female * etiology   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Urinary Tract Infections etiology   pathology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Pregnancy Complications pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mastitis pathology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Menstruation drug effects   MeSH
• Menstruation Disturbances etiology   MeSH
• Progestins administration & dosage   adverse effects   MeSH
• Contraceptive Effectiveness MeSH
• Vaginal Diseases etiology   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

The occurrence, environmental risks and contribution of organic UV filters to detected (anti-)progestogenic activities were examined in samples of wastewater treatment plant influents and effluents, various surface waters and fish from the Czech Republic. Of the 20 targeted UV filters, 15 were detected in the WWTP influent samples, 11 in the effluents, and 13 in the surface water samples. Benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, and phenyl benzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBSA) were found in all water samples. Octocrylene, UV-327 and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor exceeded the risk quotient of 1 at some sites. In the anti-progestogenic CALUX assay, 10 out of the 20 targeted UV filters were active. Anti-progestogenic activities reaching up to 7.7 ng/L, 3.8 ng/L, and 4.5 ng/L mifepristone equivalents were detected in influents, effluents, and surface waters, respectively. UV filters were responsible for up to 37 % of anti-progestogenic activities in influents. Anti-progestogenic activities were also measured in fish tissues from the control pond and Podroužek (pond with the highest number of detected UV filters) and ranged from 2.2 to 9.5 and 1.9 to 8.6 ng/g dw mifepristone equivalents, respectively. However, only benzophenone was found in fish, but it does not display anti-progestogenic activity and thus could not explain the observed activities.

• MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical * analysis   toxicity   MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Environmental Monitoring MeSH
• Wastewater MeSH
• Sunscreening Agents * analysis   toxicity   MeSH
• Progestins analysis   MeSH
• Fishes * metabolism   MeSH
• Ultraviolet Rays MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• MeSH
• Androgens metabolism   MeSH
• Estrogens metabolism   MeSH
• Granulosa Cells MeSH
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone MeSH
• Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Luteinizing Hormone MeSH
• Ovary physiology   MeSH
• Gonadal Steroid Hormones * MeSH
• Progestins metabolism   MeSH
• Theca Cells MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• Drovelis,
• MeSH
• Estetrol * pharmacology   MeSH
• Contraceptives, Oral, Combined * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Progestins * pharmacology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Patient Satisfaction MeSH
• Research Design MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Keywords
• drospirenon,
• MeSH
• Estetrol * administration & dosage   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic MeSH
• Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic MeSH
• Contraceptives, Oral, Combined * adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Progestins * administration & dosage   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Thromboembolism prevention & control   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH

• Keywords
• drospirenon,
• MeSH
• Androstenes therapeutic use   MeSH
• Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Progestins therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH

Progesterone is a steroid hormone traditionally linked with female fertility and pregnancy. In current reproductive medicine, progesterone and its analogues play crucial roles. While the discovery of its effects has a long history, over recent decades, various novel actions of this interesting steroid have been documented, of which its neuro- and immunoprotective activities are the most widely discussed. Discoveries of the novel biological activities of progesterone have also driven research and development in the field of progesterone analogues used in human medicine. Progestogen treatment has traditionally and predominately been used in maintaining pregnancy, the prevention of preterm labor, various gynecological pathologies, and in lowering the negative effects of menopause. However, there are also various other medical fields where progesterone and its analogues could find application in the future. The aim of this work is to show the mechanisms of action of progesterone and its metabolites, the physiological and pharmacological actions of progesterone and its synthetic analogues in human medicine, as well as the impacts of its production and use on the environment.

• MeSH
• Hormones MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Progesterone * pharmacology   physiology   MeSH
• Progestins * pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• Dienogest,
• MeSH
• Estradiol analogs & derivatives   administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hormone Replacement Therapy * classification   methods   MeSH
• Climacteric physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Menopause physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Nandrolone analogs & derivatives   administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hot Flashes etiology   drug therapy   MeSH
• Progestins pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Urogenital System physiopathology   pathology   drug effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Hemostasis physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Hormonal Contraception * classification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Progestins adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Interview MeSH

• MeSH
• Estetrol pharmacology   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Estrogens pharmacology   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Hemostasis drug effects   MeSH
• Contraceptives, Oral, Combined * administration & dosage   pharmacology   classification   adverse effects   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pulmonary Embolism chemically induced   etiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Progestins pharmacology   adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Venous Thrombosis * chemically induced   etiology   drug therapy   genetics   prevention & control   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH