- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes * komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterised by increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk. We aimed to examine the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and their control in an international survey of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS: In this multicentre, cross-sectional study, cardiovascular risk factor data from medical files of adult patients (aged ≥18) with SLE followed between Jan 1, 2015, and Jan 1, 2020, were collected from 24 countries, across five continents. We assessed the prevalence and target attainment of cardiovascular risk factors and examined potential differences by country income level and antiphospholipid syndrome coexistence. We used the Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation algorithm for cardiovascular risk estimation, and the European Society of Cardiology guidelines for assessing cardiovascular risk factor target attainment. People with lived experience were not involved in the research or writing process. FINDINGS: 3401 patients with SLE were included in the study. The median age was 43·0 years (IQR 33-54), 3047 (89·7%) of 3396 patients were women, 349 (10.3%) were men, and 1629 (48·1%) of 3390 were White. 556 (20·7%) of 2681 patients had concomitant antiphospholipid syndrome. We found a high cardiovascular risk factor prevalence (hypertension 1210 [35·6%] of 3398 patients, obesity 751 [23·7%] of 3169 patients, and hyperlipidaemia 650 [19·8%] of 3279 patients), and suboptimal control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure [target of <130/80 mm Hg], BMI, and lipids) in the entire SLE group. Higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors but a better blood pressure (target of <130/80 mm Hg; 54·9% [1170 of 2132 patients] vs 46·8% [519 of 1109 patients]; p<0·0001), and lipid control (75·0% [895 of 1194 patients] vs 51·4% [386 of 751 patients], p<0·0001 for high-density lipoprotein [HDL]; 66·4% [769 of 1158 patients] vs 60·8% [453 of 745 patients], p=0·013 for non-HDL; 80·9% [1017 of 1257 patients] vs 61·4% [486 of 792 patients], p<0·0001 for triglycerides]) was observed in patients from high-income versus those from middle-income countries. Patients with SLE with antiphospholipid syndrome had a higher prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and significantly lower attainment of BMI and lipid targets (for low-density lipoprotein and non-HDL) than patients with SLE without antiphospholipid syndrome. INTERPRETATION: High prevalence and inadequate cardiovascular risk factor control were observed in a large multicentre and multiethnic SLE cohort, especially among patients from middle-income compared with high-income countries and among those with coexistent antiphospholipid syndrome. Increased awareness of cardiovascular disease risk in SLE, especially in the above subgroups, is urgently warranted. FUNDING: None.
- MeSH
- antifosfolipidový syndrom * epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze epidemiologie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob * MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes * epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Ačkoliv nemáme pochyby o tom, že léčba chronické hypertenze snižuje kardiovaskulární riziko, málo se ví o tom, jak nakládat s akutními vzestupy hodnot krevního tlaku (TK) u jinak asymptomatických hospitalizovaných pacientů. Vzestupy hodnot TK za hospitalizace se vyskytují velmi často a velmi pravděpodobně nesouvisí se špatně kontrolovanou chronickou hypertenzí. Za hospitalizace se výrazně odlišují podmínky pro měření TK ve srovnání s ambulantními. Nedávno publikované observační studie ukázaly, že aktivní přístup k asymptomatickým vzestupům TK byl spojen s horšími výsledky než konzervativní přístup. Vedl k vzestupu komplikací spojených s poklesem TK jak během hospitalizace, tak i krátce po propuštění. Asymptomatické vzestupy TK většinou nevyžadují léčbu antihypertenzivy a mohou být léčeny konzervativně. Po propuštění by měli být tito pacienti pečlivě sledováni, zda tento vzestup TK byl přechodný, nebo trvalý.
Although they are no doubts that treatment of chronic hypertension reduces cardiovascular risk, little is known how to deal with acute elevations of blood pressure (BP) values among asymptomatic subjects during hospitalization. In-hospital BP pressure elevations are relatively frequent and may not correspond with poorly controlled chronic hypertension. Conditions for BP measurement during hospitalization significantly differ from those recommended for outpatient settings. Recent published observational studies showed that active approach for asymptomatic BP elevations was associated with worse outcome compared to the conservative approach. It increased the risk in-hospital and early post-discharge BP-related complications. Acute asymptomatic BP elevations usually do not require antihypertensive treatment and may be managed conservatively. After discharge, these patients should be followed very closely if these BP elevations were transient or permanent.
Lipoprotein(a) je doposud prakticky zcela přehlížený rizikový faktor. Jeho patofyziologický mechanismus však podle dostupných důkazů vede k nezanedbatelnému zvýšení incidence kardiovaskulárních chorob, aditivně nad rámec rizika daného konvenčními faktory. V současné době se ve finální fázi klinického vývoje nachází dokonce několik nadějných substancí přímo ovlivňujících koncentrace lipoproteinu(a). Je tudíž vhodné zlepšit povědomost o tomto faktoru v klinické praxi a zejména přistoupit k jeho systematickému screeningu.
Lipoprotein(a) represents a virtually overlooked risk factor. However, its pathophysiological mechanism leads to a non-negligible increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, additively beyond the risk mediated by conventional factors. Currently, several promising drugs are in the final phase of clinical development to directly affect lipoprotein(a) concentrations. It is therefore necessary to improve awareness of this factor in clinical practice and, in particular, proceed to its systematic screening.
This review synthesized the evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of meal replacements (MRs) as part of a weight loss intervention with conventional food-based weight loss diets on cardiometabolic risk in individuals with pre-diabetes and features of metabolic syndrome. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched through January 16, 2024. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean difference [95% confidence intervals]. The overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Ten trials (n = 1254) met the eligibility criteria. MRs led to greater reductions in body weight (-1.38 kg [-1.81, -0.95]), body mass index (BMI, -0.56 kg/m2 [-0.78, -0.34]), waist circumference (-1.17 cm [-1.93, -0.41]), HbA1c (-0.11% [-0.22, 0.00]), LDL-c (-0.18 mmol/L [-0.28, -0.08]), non-HDL-c (-0.17 mmol/L [-0.33, -0.01]), and systolic blood pressure (-2.22 mmHg [-4.20, -0.23]). The overall certainty of the evidence was low to moderate owing to imprecision and/or inconsistency. The available evidence suggests that incorporating MRs into a weight loss intervention leads to small important reductions in body weight, BMI, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, and systolic blood pressure, and trivial reductions in waist circumference and HbA1c, beyond that seen with conventional food-based weight loss diets.
- MeSH
- chování snižující riziko MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek * fyziologie MeSH
- jídla MeSH
- kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci prevence a kontrola etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * prevence a kontrola dietoterapie MeSH
- prediabetes * dietoterapie terapie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma * MeSH
- redukční dieta MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- MeSH
- hormonální substituční terapie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hypogonadismus komplikace MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- testosteron krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- urologické nemoci chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
BACKGROUND: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measure of arterial stiffness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, while its predictive value for cardiovascular events remains to be established. The aim was to determine associations of CAVI with cardiovascular morbimortality (primary outcome) and all-cause mortality (secondary outcome), and to establish the determinants of CAVI progression. METHODS: TRIPLE-A-Stiffness, an international multicentre prospective longitudinal study, enrolled >2000 subjects ≥40 years old at 32 centres from 18 European countries. Of these, 1250 subjects (55% women) were followed for a median of 3.82 (2.81-4.69) years. FINDINGS: Unadjusted cumulative incidence rates of outcomes according to CAVI stratification were higher in highest stratum (CAVI > 9). Cox regression with adjustment for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors revealed that CAVI was associated with increased cardiovascular morbimortality (HR 1.25 per 1 increase; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03-1.51) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.37 per 1 increase; 95% CI: 1.10-1.70) risk in subjects ≥60 years. In ROC analyses, CAVI optimal threshold was 9.25 (c-index 0.598; 0.542-0.654) and 8.30 (c-index 0.565; 0.512-0.618) in subjects ≥ or <60 years, respectively, to predict increased CV morbimortality. Finally, age, mean arterial blood pressure, anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering treatment were independent predictors of yearly CAVI progression adjusted for baseline CAVI. INTERPRETATION: The present study identified additional value for CAVI to predict outcomes after adjustment for CV risk factors, in particular for subjects ≥60 years. CAVI progression may represent a modifiable risk factor by treatments. FUNDING: International Society of Vascular Health (ISVH) and Fukuda Denshi, Japan.
- MeSH
- cévní index srdce-kotník * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * mortalita diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tuhost cévní stěny * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. The diagnosis includes elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated plasma glucose, dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol) and abdominal overweight or obesity. Lifestyle changes are essential in the treatment of MS. Hypertension is defined as office systolic BP values ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP values ≥ 90 mm Hg which are also borderline values to iniciate drug treatment. Lowering blood pressure can substantially reduce premature morbidity and mortality. Provided that the treatment is well tolerated, treated BP values should be targeted to 130/80 mm Hg or lower in most patients, although in some groups the evidence is less compelling. In older patients (> 65 years), systolic BP should be targeted to between 130 and 140 mm Hg, Treated BP should not be targeted below120/70 mm Hg. An early compensation is essential to prevent target organ damage. A preferable (fixed) combination are ACEi or angiotensin receptor blockers with calcium channel blockers and/or metabolically neutral diuretics.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. The diagnosis includes elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated plasma glucose, dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol) and abdominal overweight or obesity. Lifestyle changes are essential in the treatment of MS. Hypertension is defined as office systolic BP values ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP values ≥ 90 mm Hg which are also borderline values to iniciate drug treatment. Lowering blood pressure can substantially reduce premature morbidity and mortality. Provided that the treatment is well tolerated, treated BP values should be targeted to 130/80 mm Hg or lower in most patients, although in some groups the evidence is less compelling. In older patients (> 65 years), systolic BP should be targeted to between 130 and 140 mm Hg, Treated BP should not be targeted below120/70 mm Hg. An early compensation is essential to prevent target organ damage. A preferable (fixed) combination are ACEi or angiotensin receptor blockers with calcium channel blockers and/or metabolically neutral diuretics.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypertenze * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- klinické rozhodování MeSH
- krevní tlak účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * patologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
