Chronická obličková choroba sa u pacientov s alebo bez diabetes mellitus spája so zvýšeným rizikom hypoglykémie, hlavne dôsledkom poruchy glukoneogenézy a redukcie degradácie inzulínu v obličkách. Hypoglykémia sa často vyskytuje u hemodialyzovaných pacientov. Riziko hypoglykémie u týchto pacientov sa zvyšuje pri tesnej glykemickej kontrole pri liečbe inzulínom alebo perorálnymi antidiabetikami, použití dialyzačných roztokov bez glukózy a malnutrícii. V prevencii hypoglykémie u hemodialyzovaných pacientov s diabetes mellitus sa odporúča podávanie dialyzačných roztokov s koncentráciou glukózy v rozmedzí 5,5–11,1 mmol/l, individuálna titrácia dávky inzulínu a menej prísne cieľové hodnoty glykovaného hemoglobínu 7–8 % podľa DCCT v prípade opakovaných hypoglykémií.
Chronic kidney disease in patients with or without diabetes mellitus is associated with higher risk of hypoglycemia, mainly due to defect of kidney gluconeogenesis and reduction of renal insulin clearance. Hypoglycemia often occurs in patients on hemodialysis. Risk of hypoglycemia in these patients is increased in the case of strict glycemic control during treatment by insulin or oral antidiabetics, using of dialysate solutions without glucose and malnutrition. In prevention of hypoglycemia in hemodialyzed diabetic patients there is recommended using of dialysate solutions with glucose concentration 5.5–11.1 mM/L, individual titration of insulin dose and less strict goals of glycosylated hemoglobin values 7–8 % according to DCCT in the case of repeated hypoglycemias.
INTRODUCTION: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a well-recognized cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to the tubulointerstitial inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features, outcomes, and responses to corticosteroid treatment in patients with ATIN. METHODS: Patients with biopsy-proven ATIN, who were diagnosed between 1994 and 2016 at the Department of Nephrology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, and General University Hospital in Prague, were included in the study. Patient demographics, the aetiological and clinical features, the treatment given, and the outcome at 1 year of follow-up were extracted from patient records. RESULTS: A total of 103 ATIN patients were analysed, of which 68 had been treated with corticosteroids. There was no significant difference in the median serum creatinine 280 (169-569) μmol/L in the conservatively managed group versus 374 (249-558) μmol/L in the corticosteroid-treated group, p = 0.18, and dependence on dialysis treatment at baseline at the time of biopsy (10.3 vs. 8.6%). During the 1 year of follow-up, those ATIN patients who had been treated with corticosteroids did better and showed greater improvement in kidney function, determined as serum creatinine difference from baseline and from 1 month over 1-year period (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This single-centre retrospective cohort study supports the beneficial role of the administration of corticosteroid therapy in the management of ATIN.
- MeSH
- dialýza ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití MeSH
- intersticiální nefritida * farmakoterapie diagnóza MeSH
- kreatinin MeSH
- ledviny patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: This retrospective real-world study used data from two registries, International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network (IPPN) and International Pediatric Hemodialysis Network (IPHN), to characterize the efficacy and safety of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (C.E.R.A.) in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: IPPN and IPHN collect prospective data (baseline and every 6 months) from pediatric PD and HD centers worldwide. Demographics, clinical characteristics, dialysis information, treatment, laboratory parameters, number and causes of hospitalization events, and deaths were extracted for patients on C.E.R.A. treatment (IPPN: 2007-2021; IPHN: 2013-2021). RESULTS: We analyzed 177 patients on PD (median age 10.6 years) and 52 patients on HD (median age 14.1 years) who had ≥ 1 observation while being treated with C.E.R.A. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) observation time under C.E.R.A. exposure was 6 (0-12.5) and 12 (0-18) months, respectively. Hemoglobin concentrations were stable over time; respective means (standard deviation) at last observation were 10.9 (1.7) g/dL and 10.4 (1.7) g/dL. Respective median (IQR) monthly C.E.R.A. doses at last observation were 3.5 (2.3-5.1) μg/kg, or 95 (62-145) μg/m2 and 2.1 (1.2-3.4) μg/kg, or 63 (40-98) μg/m2. Non-elective hospitalizations occurred in 102 (58%) PD and 32 (62%) HD patients. Seven deaths occurred (19.8 deaths per 1000 observation years). CONCLUSIONS: C.E.R.A. was associated with efficient maintenance of hemoglobin concentrations in pediatric patients with CKD on dialysis, and appeared to have a favorable safety profile. The current analysis revealed no safety signals.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * terapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin * terapie MeSH
- dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- erythropoetin * MeSH
- hemoglobiny analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on hemodialysis. It is not easy to distinguish HF from water overload. The traditional HF definition has low sensitivity and specificity in this population. Moreover, many patients on hemodialysis have exercise limitations unrelated to HF. Therefore, we postulated two new HF definitions ((1) Modified definition of the Acute Dialysis Quality Improvement working group; (2) Hemodynamic definition based on the calculation of the effective cardiac output). We hypothesize that the newer definitions will better identify patients with higher number of endpoints and with more advanced structural heart disease. METHODS: Cohort, observational, longitudinal study with recording predefined endpoints. Patients (n = 300) treated by hemodialysis in six collaborating centers will be examined centrally in a tertiary cardiovascular center every 6-12 months lifelong or till kidney transplantation by detailed expert echocardiography with the calculation of cardiac output, arteriovenous dialysis fistula flow volume calculation, bio-impedance, and basic laboratory analysis including NTproBNP. Effective cardiac output will be measured as the difference between measured total cardiac output and arteriovenous fistula flow volume and systemic vascular resistance will be also assessed non-invasively. In case of water overload during examination, dry weight adjustment will be recommended, and the patient invited for another examination within 6 weeks. A composite major endpoint will consist of (1) Cardiovascular death; (2) HF worsening/new diagnosis of; (3) Non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. The two newer HF definitions will be compared with the traditional one in terms of time to major endpoint analysis. DISCUSSION: This trial will differ from others by: (1) detailed repeated hemodynamic assessment including arteriovenous access flow and (2) by careful assessment of adequate hydration to avoid confusion between HF and water overload.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * komplikace MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin * diagnóza terapie komplikace MeSH
- dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
- srdeční selhání * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- protokol klinické studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating hospitalizations in dialysis patients have focused primarily on patient-centered factors. We analyzed the impact of hospital and dialysis unit characteristics on pediatric dialysis patients' hospitalizations for access-related complications (ARCs). METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 102 hemodialysis (HD) and 163 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Data between July 2017 and July 2018 were analyzed. RESULTS: Children's hospitals (CHs) had more pediatric nephrologists and longer PD experience (years) than general hospitals (GHs) (p = 0.026 and p = 0.023, respectively). A total of 53% of automated PD (APD) and 6% of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) patients were in CHs (p < 0.001). Ninety-three percent of APD and 69% of CAPD patients were treated in pediatric-specific PD units (p = 0.001). CHs had a higher prevalence in providing hemodiafiltration (HDF) than GHs (83% vs. 30%). Ninety-seven percent of HDF vs. 66% for conventional HD (cHD) patients, and 94% of patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) vs. 70% of those with central venous catheters (CVC), were dialyzed in pediatric-specific HD units (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). Eighty patients (51 PD and 29 HD) had 135 (84 PD, 51 HD) hospitalizations. CAPD was an independent risk factor for hospitalizations for infectious ARCs (I-ARCs) (p = 0.009), and a health center's PD experience negatively correlated with CAPD patient hospitalizations for I-ARCs (p = 0.041). cHD and dialyzing in combined HD units significantly increased hospitalization risk for non-infectious (NI-)ARCs (p = 0.044 and p = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CHs and pediatric-specific dialysis units have higher prevalence of APD and HDF use. Hospitalizations for I-ARCs in CAPD are lower in centers with longer PD experience, and pediatric HD units are associated with fewer hospitalizations due to NI-ARCs. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Metabolická osteopatie při onemocnění a selhání funkce ledvin představuje jednu z nejzávažnějších klinických komplikací nefrologických a zejména dialyzovaných pacientů. V klasickém pojetí se jedná o kostní změny při sekundární hyperparathyreóze (SHPT). Stejné patogenetické mechanismy však poškozují i srdce a cévy, což zohledňuje koncept CKD-MBD. V současné době je stále větší pozornost věnována i jiným kostním změnám, zejména osteoporóze, neboť rizikové faktory osteoporózy se uplatňují i u nefrologických pacientů. Výsledné kostní postižení při selhání ledvin je mnohem komplikovanější, než se jevilo v minulosti. Sekundární hyperparathyreóza však zůstává hlavním patogenetickým faktorem
Metabolic bone disease in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure represents one of the most severe clinical complication in kidney patients, namely those on maintenance dialysis. Traditionally, bone changes are induced by secondary hyperparathyroidism. The CKD-MBD concept reflects the link between bone and cardiovascular disease in these patients. Studies documented also other bone pathological pathways in renal patients, such as osteoporosis, as in kidney and dialysis patients its risk factors are present as well as in general population. Resulting bone disease in renal disease and failure is far more complex than previously seen. However, the secondary hyperparathyroidism still represents the main pathological pathway.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience komplikace MeSH
- dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fibroblastové růstové faktory fyziologie krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minerálová a kostní nemoc při chronickém onemocnění ledvin * krev metabolismus patologie MeSH
- parathormon fyziologie krev MeSH
- sekundární hyperparatyreóza diagnostické zobrazování etiologie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- vaskulární kalcifikace etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Úvod: Infekce arteriovenózního zkratu (AV) pro hemodialýzu (HD) je spojená s rizikem život ohrožujícího krvácení, rozvojem sepse, vznikem metastatických infekčních ložisek a v neposlední řadě i zánikem zkratu. Urgence řešení infikovaného zkratu je základem úspěchu při jeho zachování. Kazuistiky: Na dvou případech prezentujeme užití parciální resekce jako úspěšné metody řešení pozdní infekce AV. V kazuistice 1 byla resekce provedena pro infekci nativního arteriovenózního zkratu (AVF) se dvěma defekty nad aneuryzmaty odvodné žíly. V kazuistice 2 byla provedena parciální resekce a náhrada u vhojeného protetického arteriovenózního zkratu (AVG) pro infekci vpichu po HD. U obou pacientů zůstaly AV průchodné, bez dalších známek infekce v pooperačním sledování, bez nutnosti zavést dočasný HD katétr. Závěr: Založení nové AV je u pacientů limitováno kvalitou žilního a arteriálního řečiště. Je třeba užít všech možných chirurgických, intervenčních a nechirurgických prostředků k bezpečnému zachování již založeného AV. Při dodržení požadavků včasné indikace je parciální resekce metodou volby u infekcí AV a dává možnost vyhnout se zavedení dialyzačního katétru.
Introduction: Infection of arteriovenous fistula (AV) used for hemodialysis (HD) is associated with massive bleeding, sepsis development, formation of metastatic infectious foci, and a high risk of AV loss. Urgent management of an infected AV is crucial for successful treatment and AV salvage. Case reports: We present the use of partial resection as a successful method of dealing with late AV infection in two cases. In case 1, the resection was performed due to an infection of the native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with two defects above the drainage vein aneurysms. In case 2, partial resection and replacement of the prosthetic arteriovenous fistula (AVG) were done due to an infection of HD puncture site. The AVs remained patent in both cases, with no further signs of infection postoperatively and, most importantly, without the need to use a temporary HD catheter. Conclusion: The establishment of a new AV is limited by the quality of the venous and arterial systems. All surgical, interventional and non-surgical means should be used to safely maintain the created AV patent. Provided that the requirements of an early indication are met, partial resection of the AV is the method of choice for AV infections and allows us to avoid using a permanent dialysis catheter in our patients.
- MeSH
- aneurysma chirurgie MeSH
- arteriovenózní píštěl * chirurgie etiologie MeSH
- arteriovenózní zkrat * metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin dietoterapie komplikace metabolismus MeSH
- dialýza ledvin metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hyperfosfatemie epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- jídelníček MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční terapie metody MeSH
- podvýživa epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
