Successful treatment of cancer remains a challenge, due to the unique pathophysiology of solid tumors, and the predictable emergence of resistance. Traditional methods for cancer therapy including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy all have their own limitations. A novel approach is bacteriotherapy, either used alone, or in combination with conventional methods, has shown a positive effect on regression of tumors and inhibition of metastasis. Bacteria-assisted tumor-targeted therapy used as therapeutic/gene/drug delivery vehicles has great promise in the treatment of tumors. The use of bacteria only, or in combination with conventional methods was found to be effective in some experimental models of cancer (tumor regression and increased survival rate). In this article, we reviewed the major advantages, challenges, and prospective directions for combinations of bacteria with conventional methods for tumor therapy.

• MeSH
• Bacteria * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologická terapie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• enzymy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory terapie   MeSH
• preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
• systémy cílené aplikace léků MeSH
• technika přenosu genů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis. The accumulation of antimicrobial resistance in C. difficile strains can drive C. difficile infection (CDI) epidemiology. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of toxigenic C. difficile isolates cultured from diarrhoeal stool samples of hospitalised patients with suspected CDI in three tertiary care hospitals in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty diarrhoeal stool samples were investigated by toxigenic culture using cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar and the VERO cell line. Antimicrobial susceptibility to metronidazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and moxifloxacin was performed by disk diffusion and Etest methods on Brucella Blood Agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K. RESULTS: Thirty-five stool samples (14.0%) proved positive using C. difficile toxigenic culture. According to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints, the following resistance was identified in C. difficile isolates: metronidazole (2 of 35); moxifloxacin (7 of 35); clindamycin (18 of 35); and tetracycline (5 of 35). Using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints, three of 35 isolates showed reduced-susceptibility for vancomycin and 14 of 35 for metronidazole. In addition, the results showed a good correlation between the inhibition zone diameter (disk diffusion) and MIC values (Etest); Pearson correlation coefficient 0.7400.95 (P< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Multidrug resistance was observed in Iranian clinical toxigenic C. difficile isolates, including reduced susceptibility to first-line CDI treatment drugs. In addition, disk diffusion can be used as a cost-effective option for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. difficile isolates.

• MeSH
• centra terciární péče MeSH
• Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klostridiové infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metronidazol farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vankomycin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Vero buňky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Írán MeSH

The role of asymptomatic infections caused by Ureaplasma species in male infertility and the efficacy of antibiotics in treatment of this failure is not yet definitely determined. A total of 165 infertile males having abnormal semen parameters (study group) as well as 165 healthy fertile men (control group) were included in this study. Semen samples were taken from all participants and after analyzing, undergone real-time PCR, microbial culture, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Infected individuals of study group were treated with antibiotic. One month after the treatment completion, second semen samples were taken and undergone all the tests mentioned. The frequency of Ureaplasma spp. was significantly higher in the infertile men compared with the fertile ones (36.4% versus 11.5%; p < 0.001). Most of semen parameters were improved (p < 0.05) and reached their normal range, the level of TAC elevated (p < 0.001), and ROS level (p = 0.003) as well as ROS/TAC ratio (p = 0.003) reduced after antibiotic treatment. Moreover, wives of 37 infertile men (61.7%) became pregnant six months after the treatment completion. These findings indicate that Ureaplasma species are correlated with male infertility and that antibiotic therapy can improve the semen parameters and treat the male infertility.

• MeSH
• analýza spermatu metody   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motilita spermií účinky léků   MeSH
• mužská infertilita diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• počet spermií MeSH
• sexuálně přenosné nemoci bakteriální diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ureaplasmatické infekce * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH