• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Fibrilace síní je nejčastější arytmií vyskytující se v dospělé populaci. V řadě studií byla sledována spojitost mezi fibrilací síní a dalšími onemocněními srdce včetně náhlé srdeční smrti. Cíl: Cílem naší studie bylo zanalyzovat výskyt fibrilace síní jako rizikového faktoru u nemocných po oběhové zástavě pro fibrilaci komor. Metody: Do naší retrospektivní, monocentrické studie bylo zařazeno 514 osob po mimonemocniční oběhové zástavě, kteří byli hospitalizováni na kardiologické jednotce intenzivní péče. Pacienti podstoupili standardní poresuscitační péči včetně koronarografického a echokardiografického vyšetření. Z anamnestických údajů byla zjištěna přítomnost komorbidit a užívané medikace před vlastní zástavou oběhu se zaměřením na výskyt fibrilace síní. Tyto údaje byly následně dále vyhodnoceny. Výsledky: Při srovnání pacientů s fibrilační zástavou s akutním koronárním syndromem (VF s AKS) s pacienty s fibrilační zástavou bez akutního koronárního syndromu (VF bez AKS) byl jednoznačně prokázán vyšší výskyt fibrilace síní ve skupině VF bez AKS oproti skupině VF s AKS (celkový výskyt fibrilace síní [FS] 106 pacientů, 45,96 % × 24 pacientů, 13,95 %, p < 0,0001). V případě sledovaných komorbidit bylo ve skupině VF bez AKS statisticky významně větší zastoupení pacientů s již známou ischemickou chorobou srdeční (ICHS) a arteriální hypertenzí. Ve sledované medikaci užívali pacienti statisticky významně více inhibitory angiotenzin konvertujícího enzymu (ACEI)/sartany, beta-blokátory, digoxin, diuretika, antiagregační i antikoagulační terapii a statiny. Při srovnání pacientů s fibrilační zástavou s akutním koronárním syndromem a s ischemickou chorobou srdeční (VF s AKS, s ICHS) s pacienty s fibrilační zástavou bez akutního koronárního syndromu a bez ischemické choroby srdeční (VF bez AKS, bez ICHS) byl prokázán statisticky významně vyšší výskyt celkové fibrilace síní ve skupině VF bez AKS a bez ICHS (45 pacientů, 39,13 % × 4 pac., 16,67 %, p = 0,0376). Ve sledovaných komorbiditách nebyl zaznamenán významný rozdíl. Ve sledované medikaci byl významný rozdíl v užívání beta-blokátorů, antiagregační terapie a statinů, což je dáno přítomnou premorbidní ICHS. Závěr: Naše práce potvrzuje fibrilaci síní jako významný rizikový faktor náhlé srdeční smrti u pacientů s fibrilační zástavou oběhu bez akutního koronárního syndromu oproti pacientům s akutním koronárním syndromem. Obdobně potvrzuje vyšší výskyt fibrilace síní u pacientů po fibrilační zástavě bez přítomné ICHS a akutního koronárního syndromu oproti pacientům s těmito onemocněními, což potvrzuje fibrilaci síní jako nezávislý rizikový faktor náhlé srdeční smrti.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in adults. Several studies were focused on the association between atrial fibrillation and other heart diseases, including sudden cardiac death. Aim: The aim of our study was to analyse the incidence of atrial fibrillation as a risk factor after sudden cardiac arrest for ventricular fibrillation. Methods: Retrospective, monocentric study included 514 people after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) hospitalized in the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit. Patients underwent standard post-resuscitation management (including coronary angiography and echocardiography). The case history of patients was found (comorbidities, medication, and presence of atrial fibrillation before the actual OHCA). These data were further evaluated then. Results: A higher incidence of atrial fibrillation was clearly demonstrated in comparison of patients with cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation without ACS (VF without ACS) compared to the patients with ACS (total incidence AF 106 pts., 45.96% × 24 pts., 13.95%, p <0.0001). There were statistically more patients with already known coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension in the group of VF without ACS and patients used statistically significantly more ACEi/sartans, beta-blockers, digoxin, diuretics, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, and statins. A comparison of patients with cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrilla- tion with acute coronary syndrome and coronary artery disease (VF with ACS with CAD) with patients with ventricular fibrillation without acute coronary syndrome and without coronary artery disease (VF without ACS without CAD) showed a statistically significantly higher incidence of total atrial fibrillation in the VF group without ACS and without CAD (45 pts., 39.13% × 4 pts., 16.67%, p = 0.0376). There was no signifi cant difference in the monitored comorbidities. There was a significant difference in the use of beta-blockers, an- tiplatelet therapy and statins in the monitored medication, which is due to the presence of coronary artery disease before cardiac arrest. Conclusion: Our investigation confirmed atrial fibrillation as a significant risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with cardiac arrest without acute coronary syndrome compared to patients with acute coronary syndrome. Similarly, it confirms a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients after cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation without coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome compared to patients with these diseases. This confirms atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death.

• MeSH
• fibrilace komor MeSH
• fibrilace síní * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá srdeční smrt * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: The long-term effect of concomitant surgical ablation (SA) on clinical outcomes in an unselected population of patients has not been sufficiently reported in randomized studies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcomes of the SA after 5 years of follow-up. METHODS: The PRAGUE-12 study was a prospective, randomized clinical trial assessing cardiac surgery with ablation for AF vs cardiac surgery alone. Patients with AF who were also indicated for cardiac surgery (coronary artery disease [CAD], valve surgery) were randomized to SA or control (no ablation) group. All patients were followed for 5 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, or severe bleeding. Secondary endpoint was a recurrence of AF. RESULTS: A total of 207 patients were analyzed (SA group = 108 patients, control group = 99 patients). Both groups were similar relative to important clinical characteristics except for CAD, which was more common in the control group. Cumulative incidence curves showed a higher incidence of the primary endpoint in the control group (P = .024, Gray's test). However, after adjusting for all covariables, the difference between groups was not significant (subhazard ratio [SHR] 0.69 [0.47-1.02], P = .068). The incidence of stroke and AF recurrences were significantly reduced in the SA group, and remained significant even after adjustment for all covariables, including CAD (stroke: SHR 0.32 [0.12-0.84], P = .02, AF recurrences: SHR 0.44 [0.31-0.62], P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant SA of AF is associated with a greater likelihood of maintaining sinus rhythm and a decreased risk of stroke.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• fibrilace síní * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• katetrizační ablace * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• nemoci srdečních chlopní * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

In the present study we use an unprecedented database of 5,535 distributional records to infer the diversity, ecological preferences and spatial distribution of the 60 species of terrestrial reptiles of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and use the 57 native species to test the effectiveness of the protected areas' network in conserving this unique vertebrate fauna. We infer a time-calibrated phylogeny with 146 species of squamates and 15 genes including all UAE terrestrial reptile species to determine the phylogenetic diversity (PD) and evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) of the native species and to compare it with the distribution of the hotspots of native species richness. The results of this study indicate that the sampling effort is remarkable, covering 75% of the country's territory representing nearly the entire climatic space of the UAE defined by the mean annual temperature and the total annual precipitation, as well as the multivariate climatic space defined by a principal component analysis (PCA). Species richness is highest in the northeast of the country, in a transitional area from sandy desert to the mountainous terrain of the Hajar Mountains. The highest PD of a single square cell of 10 arc-minutes grid is of 2,430 million years (my) of accumulated evolutionary history and the strong correlation between PD and species richness suggests that the raw number of species is a good surrogate to quantify the evolutionary history (i.e., PD). The species with the highest values of ED are those in families represented by only one species in the UAE. Finally, the assessment of the UAE protected areas shows that, despite their relevance in protecting the terrestrial reptiles, they do not offer adequate protection for some threatened species. Therefore, a reassessment of some of the protected areas or the creation of species specific conservation action plans are recommended in order to ensure the preservation of the unique diversity of UAE terrestrial reptiles.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• ještěři fyziologie   MeSH
• ohrožené druhy * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené arabské emiráty MeSH

The lacertid lizards of the genus Mesalina inhabit the arid regions of the Old World, from North Africa to NW India. Of the 19 recognized species within the genus, eleven occur in Arabia. In this study, we explore the genetic variability and phylogeographic patterns of the less studied M. adramitana group from southern Arabia and the Socotra Archipelago within the phylogenetic and biogeographic context of the entire genus. Our unprecedented sampling extends the distribution ranges of most Mesalina species and, for the first time, sequences of M. ayunensis are included in a phylogenetic analysis. We perform analyses of concatenated multilocus datasets and species trees, conduct species delimitation analyses, and estimate divergence times within a biogeographic framework. Additionally, we inferred the environmental suitability and identified dispersal corridors through which gene flow is enabled within M. adramitana. Our results show that the Socotra Archipelago was colonized approximately 7 Mya by a single oversea colonization from mainland Arabia. Then, an intra-archipelago dispersal event that occurred approximately 5 Mya resulted in the speciation between M. balfouri, endemic to Socotra, Samha and Darsa Islands, and M. kuri, endemic to Abd al Kuri Island. Similar to previous studies, we uncovered high levels of genetic diversity within the M. adramitana species-group, with two highly divergent lineages of M. adramitana living in allopatry and adapted to locally specific climatic conditions that necessitate further investigation.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie * MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• ještěři klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• migrace zvířat MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• ostrovy * MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Arábie MeSH
• ostrovy * MeSH
• severní Afrika MeSH

Scaling evolutionary trees to time is essential for understanding the origins of clades. Recently developed methods allow including the entire fossil record known for the group of interest and eliminated the need for specifying prior distributions for node ages. Here we apply the fossilized birth-death (FBD) approach to reconstruct the diversification timeline of the viperines (subfamily Viperinae). Viperinae are an Old World snake subfamily comprising 102 species from 13 genera. The fossil record of vipers is fairly rich and well assignable to clades due to the unique vertebral and fang morphology. We use an unprecedented sampling of 83 modern species and 13 genetic markers in combination with 197 fossils representing 28 extinct taxa to reconstruct a time-calibrated phylogeny of the Viperinae. Our results suggest a late Eocene-early Oligocene origin with several diversification events following soon after the group's establishment. The age estimates inferred with the FBD model correspond to those from previous studies that were based on node dating but FBD provides notably narrower credible intervals around the node ages. Viperines comprise two African and an Eurasian clade, but the ancestral origin of the subfamily is ambiguous. The most parsimonious scenarios require two transoceanic dispersals over the Tethys Sea during the Oligocene.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetické markery * MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Viperidae klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie metody   MeSH
• zkameněliny MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Over time, mountain biota has undergone complex evolutionary histories that have left imprints on its genomic arrangement, geographical distribution and diversity of contemporary lineages. Knowledge on these biogeographical aspects still lags behind for invertebrates inhabiting the Alpine region. In the present study, we examined three scorpion species of the subgenus Euscorpius (Alpiscorpius) from the European Alps using cytogenetic and molecular phylogenetic approaches to determine the variation and population structure of extant lineages at both chromosome and genetic level, and to provide an insight into the species diversification histories. We detected considerable intraspecific variability in chromosome complements and localization of the 18S rDNA loci in all studied species. Such chromosome differences were noticeable as the existence of three [in E. (A.) alpha and E. (A.) germanus] or four [in E. (A.) gamma] range-restricted karyotypic races. These races differed from one another either by 2n [in E. (A.) alpha 2n = 54, 60, 90; in E. (A.) gamma 2n = 58, 60, 88, 86-92], or by the karyotypic formula [in E. (A.) germanus 2n = 34m + 12sm; 36m + 10sm; 42m + 4sm]. Using mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) and nuclear (28S rDNA) genetic markers, we examined genetic variation and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among the karyotypic races. Both approaches provided evidence for the existence of ten deeply divergent lineages exhibiting the features of local endemics and indicating the presence of cryptic species. Molecular dating analyses suggest that these lineages diversified during the Plio-Pleistocene and this process was presumably accompanied by dynamic structural changes in the genome organization.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chromozomy genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genom MeSH
• karyotypizace MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• štíři genetika   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The process of species diversification is often associated with niche shifts in the newly arising lineages so that interspecific competition is minimized. However, an opposing force known as niche conservatism causes that related species tend to resemble each other in their niche requirements. Due to the inherent multidimensionality of niche space, some niche components may be subject to divergent evolution while others remain conserved in the process of speciation. One such possible component is the species' climatic niche. Here, we test the role of climatic niche evolution on the diversification of the Old World cat snakes of the genus Telescopus. These slender, nocturnal snakes are distributed in arid and semiarid areas throughout Africa, southwest Asia and adjoining parts of Europe. Because phylogenetic relationships among the Telescopus species are virtually unknown, we generated sequence data for eight genetic markers from ten of the 14 described species and reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of the genus. Phylogenetic analysesindicate that the genus is of considerably old origin that dates back to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Biogeographical analyses place the ancestor of the genus in Africa, where it diversified into the species observed today and from where it colonized Arabia and the Levant twice independently. The colonization of Arabia occurred in the Miocene, that of the Levant either in the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene. We then identified temperature and precipitation niche space and breadth of the species included in the phylogeny and examined whether there is phylogenetic signal in these climatic niche characteristics. Despite the vast range of the genus and its complex biogeographic history, most Telescopus species have similar environmental requirements with preference for arid to semiarid conditions. One may thus expect that the genus' climatic niche will be conserved. However, our results suggest that most of the climatic niche axes examined show no phylogenetic signal, being indicative of no evolutionary constraints on the climatic niche position and niche breadth in Telescopus. The only two variables with positive phylogenetic signal (temperature niche position and precipitation niche breadth) evolved under the Brownian motion model, also indicating no directional selection on these traits. As a result, climatic niche evolution does not seem to be the major driver for the diversification in Telescopus.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• Colubridae klasifikace   MeSH
• déšť MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie * MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• podnebí * MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika MeSH
• Arábie MeSH

Telescopus pulcher is an enigmatic colubrid snake only known from the holotype and paratype specimens described from 'Migiurtinia' in Puntland (Somalia) in 1935. Herein we recorded the third and fourth-ever known specimens of this species from the Toon village, Woqooyi Galbeed Region, and 15 km southeast of Sheikh, Saahil Region, Somaliland. The species is endemic to Somaliland and adjoining parts of Ethiopia and Puntland. Data on morphology and natural history, as well as the first photographs of live specimens are provided. We also provide a detailed description of the paratype. The coloration of the species resembles that of the vipers of the genus Echis and we hypothesize that T. pulcher mimics these common and sympatric vipers in the Horn of Africa.

• MeSH
• Colubridae * MeSH
• hadi * MeSH
• ještěři MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Etiopie MeSH
• Somálsko MeSH

In the present work, we use an exceptional database including 5,359 records of 101 species of Oman's terrestrial reptiles together with spatial tools to infer the spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity, to infer the habitat preference of each species and to better define conservation priorities, with especial focus on the effectiveness of the protected areas in preserving this unique arid fauna. Our results indicate that the sampling effort is not only remarkable from a taxonomic point of view, with multiple observations for most species, but also for the spatial coverage achieved. The observations are distributed almost continuously across the two-dimensional climatic space of Oman defined by the mean annual temperature and the total annual precipitation and across the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the multivariate climatic space and are well represented within 17 out of the 20 climatic clusters grouping 10% of the explained climatic variance defined by PC1 and PC2. Species richness is highest in the Hajar and Dhofar Mountains, two of the most biodiverse areas of the Arabian Peninsula, and endemic species richness is greatest in the Jebel Akhdar, the highest part of the Hajar Mountains. Oman's 22 protected areas cover only 3.91% of the country, including within their limits 63.37% of terrestrial reptiles and 50% of all endemics. Our analyses show that large areas of the climatic space of Oman lie outside protected areas and that seven of the 20 climatic clusters are not protected at all. The results of the gap analysis indicate that most of the species are below the conservation target of 17% or even the less restrictive 12% of their total area within a protected area in order to be considered adequately protected. Therefore, an evaluation of the coverage of the current network of protected areas and the identification of priority protected areas for reptiles using reserve design algorithms are urgently needed. Our study also shows that more than half of the species are still pending of a definitive evaluation by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• plazi klasifikace   MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Omán MeSH