BACKGROUND: Changes in the hippocampus after brain metastases radiotherapy can significantly impact neurocognitive functions. Numerous studies document hippocampal atrophy correlating with the radiation dose. This study aims to elucidate volumetric changes in patients undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or targeted stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and to explore volumetric changes in the individual subregions of the hippocampus. METHOD: Ten patients indicated to WBRT and 18 to SRT underwent brain magnetic resonance before radiotherapy and after 4 months. A structural T1-weighted sequence was used for volumetric analysis, and the software FreeSurfer was employed as the tool for the volumetry evaluation of 19 individual hippocampal subregions. RESULTS: The volume of the whole hippocampus, segmented by the software, was larger than the volume outlined by the radiation oncologist. No significant differences in volume changes were observed in the right hippocampus. In the left hippocampus, the only subregion with a smaller volume after WBRT was the granular cells and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG) region (median change -5 mm3, median volume 137 vs. 135 mm3; P = .027), the region of the presumed location of neuronal progenitors. CONCLUSIONS: Our study enriches the theory that the loss of neural stem cells is involved in cognitive decline after radiotherapy, contributes to the understanding of cognitive impairment, and advocates for the need for SRT whenever possible to preserve cognitive functions in patients undergoing brain radiotherapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to analyze our first experience with direct percutaneous embolization of carotid body tumors (CBTs) using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx) along with balloon test occlusion (BTO). METHODS: A retrospective preliminary single-center study was conducted at the Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department and the Medical Imaging Department of the University Teaching Hospital. A consecutive series of three patients with CBTs was treated at the local institution between October 2018 and June 2019. All three patients underwent preoperative percutaneous embolization using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx 18) with the addition of BTO. Outcome measures were the percentage of tumor devascularization, intraoperative blood losses, and operation times. BTO was evaluated by clinical neurological examination and neurosonological transcranial Doppler examination of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). RESULTS: Devascularization of all three tumors was complete or near complete. All three tumors were surgically extirpated with excellent surgical outcomes. The blood losses were minimal, and the average operation time was 2 h and 8 min. BTO was positive in one patient, which was valuable additional information on carotid branches ligation limitations. The other two patients showed negative BTOs with the result of safety of eventual carotid arteries ligations. CONCLUSION: Preoperative direct percutaneous embolization of CBT with Onyx is a highly effective procedure that significantly facilitates surgery. BTO provides valuable additional information on the most appropriate and safe surgical approach.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: In randomized clinical trials, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was proved to be a highly effective treatment of acute ischemic stroke which improved clinical outcomes. Some of the trials used automated computed tomography perfusion (CTP) analysis for selection of participants. We present a single-center experience with CTP selection and comparison with CTP trials. METHODS: Data of consecutive MT patients (from January 2016 to December 2017) were retrospectively reviewed. All patients with multiphase CT angiography confirmed the presence of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion/s in the intracranial internal carotid artery and/or middle cerebral artery (M1 or M2) and with admission brain CTP analyzed by RAPID software were included into the analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (mean age was 70.1 ± 13.6 years, females 48.5%). At baseline, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16 (IQR = 13-20), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was 8 (IQR = 7-9), CTP core volume was 20 mL (IQR = 2-36), and CTP penumbra volume was 145.5 mL (IQR = 107-184). Time from stroke onset to imaging was 1 hour 32 minutes, time from stroke onset to reperfusion was 3 hours 50 minutes, and median time from CT to reperfusion was 1 hour 56 minutes. Modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2b/3 was achieved in 42 patients (67.7%). Twenty-three patients (37%) had modified Rankin scale 0-2 at 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of CTP-selected patients for MT supports clinical applicability of automated CTP analysis into everyday clinical practice.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- CT angiografie metody MeSH
- ischemie mozku diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- klinické rozhodování * MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh * MeSH
- perfuzní zobrazování metody MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- trombektomie metody MeSH
- výběr pacientů * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Introduction: Hippocampi sparing whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is an evolving approach in the treatment of patients with multiple brain metastases, pursuing mitigation of verbal memory decline as a consequence of hippocampal radiation injury. Accumulating data are showing different postradiotherapy changes in the left and right hippocampus with a theoretical proposal of only unilateral (dominant, left) hippocampal sparing during WBRT. Method: The aim of this retrospective study is to describe spatial distribution of brain metastases on MRI in a cohort of 260 patients (2595 metastases) and to evaluate distribution separately in the left and right hippocampus and in respective hippocampal avoiding zones (HAZ, region with subtherapeutic radiation dose), including evaluation of location of metastatic mass centre. Results: The median number of brain metastases was three, with lung cancer being the most common type of primary tumour; 36% had single metastasis. Almost 8% of patients had metastasis within hippocampus (1.1% of all metastases) and 18.1% of patients within HAZ (3.3% of all metastases). No statistically significant difference was observed in the laterality of hippocampal involvement, also when the location of centre of metastases was analyzed. There were more patients presenting the centre of metastasis within left (15) versus right (6) HAZ approaching the borderline of statistical significance. Conclusion: No significant difference in the laterality of BM seeding within hippocampal structures was observed. The hypothesized unilateral sparing WBRT would have theoretical advantage in about 50% reduction in the risk of subsequent recurrence within spared regions.
- MeSH
- hipokampus diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- léčba šetřící orgány * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- nádory mozku diagnostické zobrazování patologie radioterapie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate post-whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes in hippocampal concentration of N-acetylaspartate (h-tNAA) as a marker of neuronal loss and to correlate those changes to neurocognitive function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with brain metastases underwent baseline single slice multi-voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) examination for measurement of hippocampal h-tNAA together with baseline battery of neurocognitive tests focused on memory (Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised) as well as quality of life questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 a EORTC QLQ-BN20). Eighteen patients completed follow-up evaluation four months after standard WBRT (2 laterolateral fields, 10×3.0Gy, 6MV photons) and were included in this analysis. MRS and cognitive examinations were repeated and compared to baseline measurements. RESULTS: Statistically significant decreases in h-tNAA were observed in the right (8.52-7.42mM; -12.9%, 95%CI: -7.6 to -16.4%) as well as in the left hippocampus (8.64-7.60mM; -12%, 95%CI: -7.9 to -16.2%). Statistically significant decline was observed in all AVLT and BVMT-R subtests with exception of AVLT_Recognition. Quality of life declined after WBRT (mean Δ -14.1±20.3 points in transformed 0-100 point scale; p=0.018) with no correlation to changes in hippocampal metabolite concentrations. Moderate positive correlation was observed between left h-tNAA concentration decrease and AVLT_TR decline (r=+0.32; p=0.24) as well as with AVLT_DR (r=+0.33; p=0.22) decline. Changes in right h-tNAA/Cr negatively correlated with AVLT_DR (r=-0.48; p=0.061). No correlation between right hippocampus h-tNAA and memory decline (AVLT) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest hippocampal NAA concentrations decline after WBRT and MRS may be a useful biomarker for monitoring neuronal loss after radiotherapy.
- MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- degenerace nervu etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- hipokampus diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus účinky záření MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- kraniální ozáření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- kyselina aspartová analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody MeSH
- nádory mozku radioterapie sekundární MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- paměť účinky záření MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Protonová MR spektroskopie umožňuje neinvazivní hodnocení metabolitů vyšetřované tkáně, poskytuje informaci o složení intrakraniálních lézí, zvyšuje specificitu strukturální magnetické rezonance a tudíž ovlivňuje léčbu pacientů a případná rozhodnutí o změně léčebné strategie, jako je tomu například u rozlišení poléčebných změn a recidivy vysokostupňových gliomů po komplexní onkologické léčbě. Biochemické změny intrakraniálních nádorů se mohou lišit v závislosti na histologii a stupni malignity. Výsledky spektroskopie lze využít v neuroonkologii v mnohých klinických indikacích. Při interpretaci těchto závěrů je nutné mít na paměti limitace spektroskopie a nutnost adekvátní zkušenosti provádějícího pracoviště.
Proton MR spectroscopy provides the non-invasive assessment of metabolites in examined tissue, can be used to get intracranial neoplasms structural information, increases the specificity of structural magnetic resonance and may serve as an additional examination for evaluation of the response to treatment and decisions to change the treatment strategy as it is in diferentiation of posttreatment changes and recurrence after comlex oncologic treatment of glioma patients. Biochemic changes in glioma differ according to histology and tumor grading. The results of MR spectroscopy can be used for several indications in neurooncology. However, it is important to remember spectroscopy limitations and the necessity of an adequate institutional experience.
- Klíčová slova
- N-acetylaspartát,
- MeSH
- cholin metabolismus MeSH
- gliom diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- kreatin metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina aspartová analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina mléčná metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory mozku * diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Pacient s trombózou mozkových splavů a současným intracerebrálním hematomem parieto-okcipitálně byl neúspěšně léčen plnými dávkami intravenózní antikoagulace. Vzhledem k postupné progresi klinického stavu vedoucí ke ztrátě vědomí byla indikována endovaskulární intervence. Pro časté ucpávání aspiračního systému Penumbra byl originálně použit guiding katétr Neuron (současně se Separator 3D) zavedený přímo do trombu namísto Reperfusion katétru se současnou aspirací trombu. Tento postup byl bezpečný a úspěšný a může být použit u pacientů s rozsáhlým trombotickým postižením. Klíčová slova: trombóza mozkových splavů – trombektomie – endovaskulární – aspirační systém Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do biomedicínských časopisů.
A patient with ongoing cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and a parieto-occipital intracerebral haematoma was unsuccessfully treated with full-dose intravenous anticoagulation. A common endovascular aspiration technique was indicated because of the progressive severe deterioration, the level of consciousness had failed. As a novel approach, we used the 6F Neuron guiding catheter (together with The Separator 3D) inserted directly into the thrombus instead of the Reperfusion Catheter, for mechanical disruption of the thrombus mass together with continual aspiration. This procedure was safe and successful and can be used in cases of frequent aspiration catheter occlusions by a large amount of thrombus fragments.
- Klíčová slova
- trombóza mozkových splavů, aspirační systém Penumbra,
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení * komplikace MeSH
- katetrizace metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozková angiografie MeSH
- odsávání přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- revaskularizace mozku MeSH
- sinus transversus patologie MeSH
- trombektomie * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- trombóza nitrolebních žilních splavů * diagnóza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
