• MeSH
• bludy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• literatura MeSH
• politický aktivismus * MeSH
• účast komunity MeSH
• vegetariáni MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), an apex predator with an omnipresent distribution in the Arctic, is a potential source of intestinal parasites that may endanger people and pet animals such as dogs, thus posing a health risk. Non-invasive methods, such as coprology, are often the only option when studying wildlife parasitic fauna. However, the detection and identification of parasites are significantly enhanced when used in combination with methods of molecular biology. Using both approaches, we identified unicellular and multicellular parasites in faeces of arctic foxes and carcasses of sibling voles (Microtus levis) in Svalbard, where molecular methods are used for the first time. Six new species were detected in the arctic fox in Svalbard, Eucoleus aerophilus, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Eimeria spp., and Enterocytozoon bieneusi, the latter never found in the arctic fox species before. In addition, only one parasite was found in the sibling vole in Svalbard, the Cryptosporidium alticolis, which has never been detected in Svalbard before.

• MeSH
• Ancylostomatoidea izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Arvicolinae parazitologie   MeSH
• cizopasní červi izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• divoká zvířata parazitologie   MeSH
• Eimeria izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• hlístice izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lišky parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev veterinární   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• Toxocara canis izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Trichuris izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Arktida MeSH
• Svalbard MeSH

Population structure and biogeography of marine organisms are formed by different drivers than in terrestrial organisms. Yet, very little information is available even for common marine organisms and even less for their associated parasites. Here we report the first analysis of population structure of both a cephalopod host (Sepia officinalis) and its dicyemid parasite, based on a homologous molecular marker (cytochrome oxidase I). We show that the population of common cuttlefish in the Mediterranean area is fragmented into subpopulations, with some areas featuring restricted level of gene flow. Amongst the studied areas, Sardinia was genetically the most diverse and Cyprus the most isolated. At a larger scale, across the Mediterranean, the population structure of the parasite shows co-diversification pattern with its host, but a slower rate of diversification. Differences between the two counterparts are more obvious at a finer scale, where parasite populations show increased level of fragmentation and lower local diversities. This discrepancy can be caused by local extinctions and replacements taking place more frequently in the dicyemid populations, due to their parasitic lifestyle.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• paraziti klasifikace   MeSH
• populační genetika * MeSH
• Sepia klasifikace   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středozemní moře MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• tkáňoví paraziti,
• MeSH
• alergie MeSH
• Amoeba klasifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• Anoplura účinky léků   MeSH
• cerkárie patogenita   MeSH
• dirofilarióza etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• echinokokóza etiologie   přenos   MeSH
• giardiáza MeSH
• infestace roztoči klasifikace   komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• kryptosporidióza diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrosporidióza etiologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci * diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• Pneumocystis carinii patogenita   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protozoální infekce klasifikace   MeSH
• schistosomóza parazitologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• toxokaróza diagnóza   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Toxoplasma patogenita   MeSH
• toxoplazmóza komplikace   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zoonózy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The diversity of heterolobosean amoebae, important members of soil, marine and freshwater microeukaryote communities in the temperate zones, is greatly under-explored in high latitudes. To address this imbalance, we studied the diversity of this group of free-living amoebae in the Arctic and the Antarctic using culture dependent methods. Eighteen strain representatives of three heterolobosean genera, Allovahlkampfia Walochnik et Mulec, 2009 (1 strain), Vahlkampfia Chatton et Lalung-Bonnaier, 1912 (2) and Naegleria Alexeieff, 1912 (15) were isolated from 179 samples of wet soil and fresh water with sediments collected in 6 localities. The Allovahkampfia strain is the first representative of the genus from the Antarctic; 14 strains (7 from the Arctic, 7 from the Antarctic) of the highly represented genus Naegleria complete the 'polar' cluster of five Naegleria species previously known from the Arctic and Sub-Antarctic regions, whereas one strain enriches the 'dobsoni' cluster of Naegleria strains of diverse origin. Present isolations of Naegleria polarisDe Jonckheere, 2006 from Svalbard, in the Arctic and Vega Island, in the Antarctic and N. neopolarisDe Jonckheere, 2006 from Svalbard and Greenland in the Arctic, and James Ross Island, the Antarctic demonstrate their bipolar distribution, which in free-living amoebae has so far only been known for Vermistella Morand et Anderson, 2007.

• MeSH
• Amoeba klasifikace   cytologie   genetika   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• půda parazitologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH
• Arktida MeSH

• MeSH
• antimalarika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antiparazitární látky * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• artemisininy * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• filarióza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ivermektin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malárie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• paraziti účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

A new amoebozoan species, Vermistella arctica n. sp., is described from marine habitats in the central part of Svalbard archipelago. This is the first report on Arctic amoebae belonging to the genus Vermistella Moran and Anderson, 2007, the type species of which was described from the opposite pole of the planet. Psychrophily proved in the new strains qualifies the genus Vermistella as a bipolar taxon. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rDNA and actin sequences did not show any affinity of the genus Vermistella to Stygamoeba regulata ATCC(®) 50892(™) strain. A close phylogenetic relationship was found between Vermistella spp. and a sequence originating from an environmental sample from Cariaco basin, the largest marine permanently anoxic system in the world. Possible mechanisms of bipolar distribution are discussed.

• MeSH
• aktiny genetika   MeSH
• Amoeba genetika   MeSH
• Amoebozoa klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• Lobosea MeSH
• mořská voda parazitologie   MeSH
• protozoální DNA genetika   MeSH
• ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• studené klima MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Arktida MeSH
• Svalbard MeSH

Tapeworms of the order Spathebothriidea Wardle et McLeod, 1952 (Cestoda) are reviewed. Molecular data made it possible to assess, for the first time, the phylogenetic relationships of all genera and to confirm the validity of Bothrimonus Duvernoy, 1842, Diplocotyle Krabbe, 1874 and Didymobothrium Nybelin, 1922. A survey of all species considered to be valid is provided together with new data on egg and scolex morphology and surface ultrastructure (i.e. microtriches). The peculiar morphology of the members of this group, which is today represented by five effectively monotypic genera whose host associations and geographical distribution show little commonality, indicate that it is a relictual group that was once diverse and widespread. The order potentially represents the earliest branch of true tapeworms (i.e. Eucestoda) among extant forms.

• MeSH
• Cestoda genetika   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• ovum klasifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Ancient DNA (aDNA) of Encephalitozoon intestinalis (Microsporidia, Fungi) was detected in archaeological material originated from New Town of Prague (Czech Republic) with the use of molecular methods. Microsporidial aDNA was found in 3 samples originating from 2 objects, in a well/cesspit (samples from layers from the 18th century) and in a well from the 18th/19th century. The ability to use molecular methods to detect microsporidia extends the range of paleoparasitological inquiry, and could contribute to a better understanding of parasites shared between human and animals.

• MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• DNA fungální chemie   dějiny   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Encephalitozoon genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• encephalitozoonóza dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

UNLABELLED: Myxosporeans (Myxozoa), microscopic metazoan parasitic organisms, are poorly studied in the Arctic region. Our survey of benthic and pelagic fish (n = 234) collected in Isfjorden (Svalbard, Norway) together with detailed morphological and molecular examination revealed the presence of nine myxosporean species. We compared observed myxosporean diversity with diversity documented in regions close to the Arctic and revealed that water depth rather than geographic distribution is an important factor influencing myxosporean fauna. WE DESCRIBE THREE NEW MYXOSPOREAN SPECIES: Zschokkella siegfriedi n. sp. from kidney of Boreogadus saida, Parvicapsula petuniae n. sp. from the urinary bladder of Gymnocanthus tricuspis, and Sinuolinea arctica n. sp. from the urinary bladder of Myoxocephalus scorpius. We characterise Latyspora-like organism from kidney of Clupea harengus. We provide new data for Ceratomyxa porrecta, Myxidium gadi, Myxidium finnmarchicum, Schulmania aenigmatosa, and Parvicapsula irregularis comb. nov. The phylogenetic analyses including the newly obtained SSU and LSU rDNA data revealed that most of the species studied cluster in the marine urinary clade within the marine myxosporean lineage. Newly obtained sequences including the first molecular data for the member of the genus Schulmania, substantially enriched the Zschokkella subclade. C. porrecta and the two Myxidium species cluster within the Ceratomyxa and marine Myxidium clade, respectively. Newly described species, Z. siegfriedi n. sp., was revealed to be morphologically indistinguishable but genetically diverse from Zschokkella hildae known from numerous gadid fish. Therefore, we consider Z. siegfriedi to be a cryptic myxosporean species that might be misidentified with Z. hildae. A Latyspora-like organism was found to be taxonomically problematic due to its suture line and its distant phylogenetic position from the type species Latyspora scomberomori did not allow us to assign it to the genus Latyspora. Based on an increased taxon sampling and SSU + LSU rDNA-based phylogeny, evolutionary trends within the marine urinary clade are investigated.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH