Increased oxidative stress appears to be a risk factor for insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance, and, eventually, diabetes mellitus. The majority of research shows that oxidative stress plays a role in the etiology of diabetes through changes in enzymatic systems, lipid peroxidation, decreased levels of vitamin C, and reduced glutathione metabolism. Objectives: the study was conducted to evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress such as serum malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), vitamins (C, E), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and a lipid profile in newly diagnosed type I diabetics (IDDM). Methods: Patients are selected by simple randomization after professional diagnosis based on clinical examination and laboratory tests in a case-control study. This study included 24 newly diagnosed type I diabetics and 20 as a control group. Results: Newly diagnosed IDDM patients showed significantly higher MDA, MPO, TC, LDL, TC, TG, and AIP than the control group. The diabetic group also showed a significant decrease in CAT, GSH, HDL, NO and vitamins (E and C) when compared to healthy subjects. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that patients with type 1 diabetes have a disturbance in oxidant/antioxidant status and lipid profile.
Background and objectives: Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology of ischemic heart disease. There are many aggravating metabolic and oxidant parameters which are participating together overwhelming the pathology of vascular stenosis. Adipokines play a positive metabolic effect in healthy individuals and oxidation reaction greatly impacts the lipid metabolism and might negatively impact the condition. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the level of adiponectin, obestatin, and redox parameters in atherosclerotic patients.Methods: Serum was collected from atherosclerotic patients and froze to be ready for analysis.Results: The results indicated that hyperlipidemia significantly reduced adiponectin, obestatin, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) together with a significant increase in oxidant byproduct (malondialdehyde) and modulated lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein).Conclusion: The study concluded that atherosclerosis is associated with reduced antioxidant enzymes, obestatin, and adiponectin levels and increased lipid levels. These parameters play a great role in the patho-logical status of coronary stenosis.
- MeSH
- adiponektin krev metabolismus MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza metabolismus MeSH
- ateroskleróza etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- ghrelin krev metabolismus MeSH
- hyperlipidemie * diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- koronární stenóza patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malondialdehyd krev metabolismus MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
Thyroid cancer is a rare type of malignancy. However, thyroid cancer constitutes more than 90 % of endocrine tumors. Metformin (N', N'-dimethybiguanide) is the most commonly prescribed drug in the world, and the annual number of prescriptions for this drug exceeds 120 million. Metformin is the first-line oral treatment for patients with type II diabetes. Metformin has recently been investigated for potential anti-cancer activity in patients with thyroid cancer by stimulating the Adenosine Mono-Phosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) pathway in some types of tumors. In general, the anti-cancer mechanism of metformin acts directly by blocking mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through down-regulation of mitochondrial complex I and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. This leads to a state of metabolic stress that in turn stimulates the AMPK pathway due to ATP reduction, and leads to inhibition of the mechanical (mammalian) target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which subsequently inhibits cancer cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis and autophagy with cell cycle perturbation. Metformin also acts in an independent manner, in addition to its indirect actions that target insulin resistance. In this review, we reviewed 21 studies on the use of metformin in thyroid cancer, which showed that administration of metformin in diabetic patients is associated with a reduced incidence of thyroid cancer. On the other hand, the use of metformin enhances the response to anticancer drugs in thyroid cancer. Overall, we need further prospective studies to elucidate the synergistic mechanism of metformin when it is used to treat thyroid cancer as adjuvant therapy with anticancer drugs.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie MeSH
- kinasy AMP aktivovaných proteinkinas MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanistické cílové místo rapamycinového komplexu 1 MeSH
- metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
- metformin * farmakologie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- mTOR inhibitory MeSH
- nádory štítné žlázy * epidemiologie etiologie farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
