Investigating the driving forces leading to the formation of a specific supramolecular architecture among a wide spectrum of all the possibly obtainable structures is not an easy task. The contemporary literature provides several models for correctly predicting the thermodynamically accessible structures that can originate from a library of building blocks. Definitions are rigid by their very nature, so their application may sometimes require a shift in perspective. In the study presented herein, we describe the crystal structures of three metallo-supramolecular architectures assembled from deprotonated derivatives of 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioic acid and Mn(II), Co(II) and Zn(II). In the Mn(II) case, the complexation resulted in a complex of a discrete/heptacoordinated nature, whereas the other two structures appeared as helical polymers. To explain such an anomaly, in this work, we describe how the interplay between the flexibility of the ligand spacer and the number of coordinating atoms involved determines the divergent or convergent organisation of the final coordination architecture.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A virome screen was performed on a new breeding line, KB1, of blackcurrant. Rhabdovirus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of flower stalks, and the complete genome sequence of a novel virus, provisionally named blackcurrant rhabdovirus 2 (BCRV2), was determined and verified using high-throughput sequencing. The genomic organization of BCRV2 was characteristic of cytorhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) and included seven genes: 3 ́- N-P ́-P-P3-M-G-L -5 ́. BLASTP analysis revealed that the putative L protein had the highest amino acid sequence identity (75 %) with strawberry virus 2. BCRV2 was detected in Cryptomyzusgaleopsidis, but efficient transmission by this aphid was not confirmed. Of note, we observed coinfection of the KB1 line with blackcurrant-associated rhabdovirus (BCaRV) by RT-PCR. This is likely the first evidence of the presence of a cyto- and a nucleorhabdovirus in a single host.
COVID -19 pandemic and its restrictions bring new challenges to all aspects and phases of higher education. At universities, new remote formats have been developed and deployed for lectures and laboratory exercises. This article addresses challenges and introduces the new experience with lectures and laboratory classes during the pandemic time at the Department of Measurement of the Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Based on the student survey of more than 250 students describes the possibilities of how to adapt the lectures during the lockdown. The article also introduces the Home Lab, a tool developed in the department that helps in distance teaching practical electronic classes. Home Lab includes two parts with functional groups, a Laboratory Experimental Device and a System of Measurement Instruments. The article also shows the opportunity for suitable remote exercises and variants of circuits that can be easily assembled and measured using Software Defined Instrument based on various microcontrollers. A detailed description of all Software Defined Instruments is also present. During the Pandemic, the home lab model was successfully practically verified during distance learning in three subjects, with more than 150 students per semester. It has also been shown that the Home Lab can be successfully deployed for a semester project. The article also presents experience with the teaching software-oriented courses. At the end of the article, practical knowledge and an experience from distance teaching during a three-semester lockdown are shared.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Motivation: The many thousands of high-quality genomes available now-a-days imply a shift from single genome to pan-genomic analyses. A basic algorithmic building brick for such a scenario is online search over a collection of similar texts, a problem with surprisingly few solutions presented so far. Results: We present SOPanG, a simple tool for exact pattern matching over an elastic-degenerate string, a recently proposed simplified model for the pan-genome. Thanks to bit-parallelism, it achieves pattern matching speeds above 400 MB/s, more than an order of magnitude higher than of other software. Availability and implementation: SOPanG is available for free from: https://github.com/MrAlexSee/sopang. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
This paper focuses on a novel methodology of subjective speech quality measurement and repeatability of its results between laboratory conditions and simulated environmental conditions. A single set of speech samples was distorted by various background noises and low bit-rate coding techniques. This study aimed to compare results of subjective speech quality tests with and without a parallel task deploying the ITU-T P.835 methodology. Afterward, tests results performed with and without a parallel task were compared using Pearson correlation, CI95, and numbers of opposite pair-wise comparisons. The tests show differences in results in the case of a parallel task.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hluk * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- percepce řeči fyziologie MeSH
- plnění a analýza úkolů * MeSH
- řeč fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srozumitelnost řeči * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Pilots of ultra light aircraft have limited training resources, but with the use of low cost simulators it might be possible to train and test some parts of their training on the ground. The purpose of this paper is to examine possibility of stress inducement on a low cost flight simulator. Stress is assessed from electrocardiogram and respiration. Engine failure during flight served as a stress inducement stimuli. For one flight, pilots had access to an emergency navigation system. There were recorded some statistically significant changes in parameters regarding breathing frequency. Although no significant change was observed in ECG parameters, there appears to be an effect on respiration parameters. Physiological signals processed with analysis of variance suggest, that the moment of engine failure and approach for landing affected average breathing frequency. Presence of navigation interface does not appear to have a significant effect on pilots.
Clonal propagation plays a critical integral role in the growth and success of a global multi-billion dollar horticulture industry through a constant supply of healthy stock plants. The supply chain depends on continuously improving the micropropagation process, thus, understanding the physiology of in vitro plants remains a core component. We evaluated the influence of exogenously applied cytokinins (CKs, N6-benzyladenine = BA, isopentenyladenine = iP, meta-topolin = mT, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)purine = mTTHP) in Murashige and Skoog (MS)-supplemented media on organogenic response and accumulation of endogenous CK and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolites. The highest shoot proliferation (30 shoots/explant) was obtained with 20 μM mT treatment. However, the best quality regenerants were produced in 10 μM mT treatment. Rooting of Amelanchier alnifolia in vitro plantlets was observed at the lowest CK concentrations, with the highest root proliferation (3 roots/explant) in 1 μM mTTHP regenerants. Similar to the organogenic response, high levels of endogenous bioactive CK metabolites (free bases, ribosides, and nucleotides) were detected in mT and mTTHP-derived regenerants. The level of O-glucosides was also comparatively high in these cultures. All CK-treated plants had high levels of endogenous free IAA compared to the control. This may suggest an influence of CKs on biosynthesis of IAA.
- MeSH
- cytokininy farmakologie MeSH
- ovoce růst a vývoj MeSH
- Rosaceae růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ligands with geminal bis(phosphonic acid) appended to 1,4,7-triazacyclonone-1,4-diacetic acid fragment through acetamide (NOTAM(BP) ) or methylenephosphinate (NO2AP(BP) ) spacers designed for (68) Ga were prepared. Ga(III) complexation is much faster for ligand with methylenephosphinate spacer than that with acetamide one, in both chemical (high reactant concentrations) and radiolabeling studies with no-carrier-added (68) Ga. For both ligands, formation of Ga(III) complex was slower than that with NOTA owing to the strong out-of-cage binding of bis(phosphonate) group. Radiolabeling was efficient and fast only above 60 °C and in a narrow acidity region (pH ~3). At higher temperature, hydrolysis of amide bond of the carboxamide-bis(phosphonate) conjugate was observed during complexation reaction leading to Ga-NOTA complex. In vitro sorption studies confirmed effective binding of the (68) Ga complexes to hydroxyapatite being comparable with that found for common bis(phosphonate) drugs such as pamindronate. Selective bone uptake was confirmed in healthy rats by biodistribution studies ex vivo and by positron emission tomography imaging in vivo. Bone uptake was very high, with SUV (standardized uptake value) of 6.19 ± 1.27 for [(68) Ga]NO2AP(BP) ) at 60 min p.i., which is superior to uptake of (68) Ga-DOTA-based bis(phosphonates) and [(18) F]NaF reported earlier (SUV of 4.63 ± 0.38 and SUV of 4.87 ± 0.32 for [(68) Ga]DO3AP(BP) and [(18) F]NaF, respectively, at 60 min p.i.). Coincidently, accumulation in soft tissue is generally low (e.g. for kidneys SUV of 0.26 ± 0.09 for [(68) Ga]NO2AP(BP) at 60 min p.i.), revealing the new (68) Ga complexes as ideal tracers for noninvasive, fast and quantitative imaging of calcified tissue and for metastatic lesions using PET or PET/CT.
- MeSH
- bisfosfonáty * chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- femur metabolismus radiografie MeSH
- galium * chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- kontrastní látky * chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie metody MeSH
- radioaktivní indikátory * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cytokinin activity of forty-eight 6-benzyladenosine derivatives at both the receptor and cellular levels as well as their anticancer properties were compared in various in vitro assays. The compounds were prepared by the condensation of 6-chloropurine riboside with corresponding substituted benzylamines and characterized by standard collection of physico-chemical methods. The majority of synthesized derivatives exhibited high activity in all three of the cytokinin bioassays used (tobacco callus, wheat leaf senescence and Amaranthus bioassay). The highest activities were observed in the senescence bioassay. For several of the compounds tested, significant differences in activity were found between the bioassays used, indicating that diverse recognition systems may operate. This suggests that it may be possible to modulate particular cytokinin-dependent processes with specific compounds. In contrast to their high activity in bioassays, the tested compounds were recognized with only very low sensitivity in both Arabidopsis thaliana AHK3 and AHK4 receptor assays. The prepared derivatives were also investigated for their antiproliferative properties on cancer and normal cell lines. Several of them showed very strong cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. On the other hand, they were not cytotoxic for normal murine fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell line. This anticancer activity of cytokinin ribosides may be important, given that several of them occur as endogenous compounds in different organisms.
- MeSH
- adenosin analogy a deriváty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- biotest MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- cytokininy farmakologie chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proteinkinasy MeSH
- proteiny huseníčku MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu MeSH
- rostlinné buňky MeSH
- rostliny účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
