OBJECTIVES: Asymmetric or unilateral hearing loss (AHL) may cause irreversible changes in the processing of acoustic signals in the auditory system. We aim to provide a comprehensive view of the auditory processing abilities for subjects with acquired AHL, and to examine the influence of AHL on speech perception under difficult conditions, and on auditory temporal and intensity processing. DESIGN: We examined peripheral and central auditory functions for 25 subjects with AHL resulting from vestibular schwannoma, and compared them to those from 24 normal-hearing controls that were matched with the AHL subjects in mean age and hearing thresholds in the healthy ear. Besides the basic hearing threshold assessment, the tests comprised the detection of tones and gaps in a continuous noise, comprehension of speech in babble noise, binaural interactions, difference limen of intensity, and detection of frequency modulation. For the AHL subjects, the selected tests were performed separately for the healthy and diseased ear. RESULTS: We observed that binaural speech comprehension, gap detection, and frequency modulation detection abilities were dominated by the healthy ear and were comparable for both groups. The AHL subjects were less sensitive to interaural delays, however, they exhibited a higher sensitivity to sound level, as indicated by lower difference limen of intensity and a higher sensitivity to interaural intensity difference. Correlations between the individual test scores indicated that speech comprehension by the AHL subjects was associated with different auditory processing mechanisms than for the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that AHL influences both peripheral and central auditory processing abilities and that speech comprehension under difficult conditions relies on different mechanisms for the AHL subjects than for normal-hearing controls.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• jednostranná nedoslýchavost * patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce řeči * fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sluchová percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• sluchový práh * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• vestibulární schwannom * patofyziologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Remote microphone systems improve intelligibility in difficult conditions when the performance of hearing aids/cochlear implants is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to explore parents' experiences with remote microphone systems for their children with hearing loss and to determine the advantages and disadvantages as perceived by parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with parents of children with moderate to profound bilateral hearing loss (2-19 years old). The open coding method and thematic analysis were used. The final sample consisted of 19 mothers and 9 fathers who had experience with remote microphone systems. RESULTS: Parents listed the advantages of remote microphone systems for their child, for themselves and for other carers, such as better hearing and understanding, a life more similar to that of their peers without hearing loss, safety in road traffic, lower fatigue, vocabulary acquisition, better school results. Some limitations were identified, namely low benefits, technical issues and a reluctance to use the device by children or teachers. CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to provide parents with information about assistive devices and the consequences of limited access to hearing speech. Professionals should motivate parents, children and teachers to use remote microphone systems even in situations when the benefit may not be obvious if there is a potential benefit for the child. UNLABELLED: IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe main advantages of remote microphone systems perceived by parents are better hearing and understanding, a life more similar to peers without hearing loss, safety in traffic, lower fatigue, vocabulary acquisition and better school results.The main disadvantages are for parents: persisting hearing problems, low benefits, technical issues and a reluctance to use the device by children or teachers.Sufficient and accurate information is needed about remote microphone systems, but also about the consequences of hearing loss in general.The possibility to try wireless devices before buying and troubleshooting help is appreciated.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hluchota * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nedoslýchavost * MeSH
• percepce řeči * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• sluchové pomůcky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Prenatal listening experience reportedly modulates how humans process speech at birth, but little is known about how speech perception develops throughout the perinatal period. The present experiment assessed the neural event-related potentials (ERP) and mismatch responses (MMR) to native vowels in 99 neonates born between 32 and 42 weeks of gestation. The vowels elicited reliable ERPs in newborns whose gestational age at time of experiment was at least 36 weeks and 1 day (36 + 1). The ERPs reflected spectral distinctions between vowel onsets from age 36 weeks + 6 days and durational distinctions at vowel offsets from age 37 weeks + 6 days. Starting at age 40 + 4, there was evidence of neural discrimination of vowel length, indexed by a negative MMR response. The present findings extend our understanding of the earliest stages of speech perception development in that they pinpoint the ages at which the cortex reliably responds to the phonetic characteristics of individual speech sounds and discriminates a native phoneme contrast. The age at which the brain reliably differentiates vowel onsets coincides with what is considered term age in many countries (37 weeks + 0 days of gestational age). Future studies should investigate to what extent the perinatal maturation of the cortical responses to speech sounds is modulated by the ambient language.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace * metody   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• fonetika * MeSH
• gestační stáří * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený fyziologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• percepce řeči * fyziologie   MeSH
• sluchové evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This article reviews empirical methods and findings on early language discrimination, questioning rhythm-class based hypotheses on language discrimination in infancy, as well as the assumption that early language discrimination is driven primarily (or solely) by temporal prosodic cues. The present work argues that within-rhythm class discrimination which - according to the rhythmic hypothesis - is not applicable very early in life, has not been sufficiently tested with infants under 4 months of age, that familiarity with a language is not a prerequisite for its discrimination from another rhythmically similar language, and that the temporal rhythm properties may not universally be the primary cues to language discrimination. Although rhythm taxonomy is now by many understood as outdated, some developmental literature still draws on the assumption that rhythm classification determines infants' language discrimination; other studies consider rhythm along a continuous scale and only a few account for cues to language discrimination other than temporal ones. It is proposed that studies on early language discrimination systematically test the contribution of other than temporal rhythm cues, similarly to recent work on multidimensional psychoacoustic salience in the acquisition of segmental categories.

• MeSH
• jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce řeči fyziologie   MeSH
• periodicita MeSH
• podněty * MeSH
• vývoj řeči * MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that levels for 50% speech intelligibility in quiet and in noise differ for different languages. Here, we aimed to find out whether these differences may relate to different auditory processing of temporal sound features in different languages, and to determine the influence of tinnitus on speech comprehension in different languages. METHODS: We measured speech intelligibility under various conditions (words in quiet, sentences in babble noise, interrupted sentences) along with tone detection thresholds in quiet [PTA] and in noise [PTAnoise], gap detection thresholds [GDT], and detection thresholds for frequency modulation [FMT], and compared them between Czech and Swiss subjects matched in mean age and PTA. RESULTS: The Swiss subjects exhibited higher speech reception thresholds in quiet, higher threshold speech-to-noise ratio, and shallower slope of performance-intensity function for the words in quiet. Importantly, the intelligibility of temporally gated speech was similar in the Czech and Swiss subjects. The PTAnoise, GDT, and FMT were similar in the two groups. The Czech subjects exhibited correlations of the speech tests with GDT and FMT, which was not the case in the Swiss group. Qualitatively, the results of comparisons between the Swiss and Czech populations were not influenced by presence of subjective tinnitus. CONCLUSION: The results support the notion of language-specific differences in speech comprehension which persists also in tinnitus subjects, and indicates different associations with the elementary measures of auditory temporal processing.

• MeSH
• jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce řeči * MeSH
• percepční maskování MeSH
• sluchová percepce MeSH
• sluchový práh MeSH
• srozumitelnost řeči MeSH
• tinnitus * MeSH
• vnímání času * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Švýcarsko MeSH

Úvod: Jednostranná hluchota (single sided deafness – SSD) je charakterizovaná sluchovou ztrátou na jednom uchu (pure tone average – PTA – 70 dB HL a více) při prakticky normálním sluchu na druhém uchu (ztráty do 30 dB HL). Jedním ze způsobů řešení je kochleární implantace, která na rozdíl od jiných kompenzačních mechanizmů (CROS systém, systémy pro přímé kostní vedení) jako jediná umožňuje binaurální slyšení. Materiál a metodika: Do studie bylo zahrnuto 6 dětských pacientů s dg. SSD, kteří podstoupili kochleární implantaci ve FN Motol v letech 2020–2021. Sledovali jsme rozvoj sluchové percepce s kochleárním implantátem, schopnost směrového slyšení a průměrnou denní dobu používání zvukového procesoru. Výsledky: Všichni pacienti používají zvukový procesor pravidelně, u všech se subjektivně i objektivně zlepšila sluchová percepce. Směrové slyšení zatím není prokazatelné. Pacienty budeme nadále sledovat a získané poznatky bude třeba do budoucna ověřit na rozsáhlejším souboru. Závěr: Kochleární implantace může být vhodným způsobem řešení jednostranné hluchoty u dětí. Při indikaci je nutno zvažovat etiologii sluchové vady, délku trvání hluchoty a motivaci dítěte a jeho rodičů k pravidelnému užívání zvukového procesoru

Introduction: Single-sided deafness (SSD) is characterized by hearing loss in one ear (pure tone average – PTA – 70 dB HL and more) with practically normal hearing in the other ear (losses up to 30 dB HL). One of the solutions is cochlear implantation, which, unlike other compensatory mechanisms (CROS system, direct bone conduction systems), is the only one that enables binaural hearing. Material and methods: Six pediatric patients with SSD who underwent cochlear implantation at FN Motol in 2020–2021 were included in the study. We monitored the development of auditory perception with a cochlear implant, the ability of directional hearing and the average daily time of use of the sound processor. Results: All patients use the sound processor regularly, subjectively and objectively their hearing perception improved. Directional hearing is not yet demonstrable. We will continue to monitor the patients and the knowledge gained will need to be verified on a larger set in the future. Conclusion: Cochlear implantation can be a suitable way to solve unilateral deafness in children. When indicating, it is necessary to consider the etiology of the hearing defect, the duration of the deafness, and the motivation of the children and their parents to regularly use the sound processor.

• MeSH
• audiometrie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• jednostranná nedoslýchavost * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kochleární implantace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• percepce řeči MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• afázie * diagnóza   etiologie   klasifikace   patologie   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky neurologické MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• percepce řeči MeSH
• poruchy řeči diagnóza   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• psaní MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Tento příspěvek si klade za cíl poukázat na problematiku jazykových deficitů a specifičtěji narušeného porozumění mluvené řeči u osob s vybranými neurokognitivními poruchami. Osoby s Alzheimerovou nemocí, Parkinsonovou nemocí či roztroušenou sklerózou se potýkají s narušením kognitivních funkcí, jejichž součástí jsou též dovednosti jazykové. Obtíže se mohou projevit na různých jazykových rovinách - foneticko-fonologické, lexikálně-sémantické, morfologicko-syntaktické a/nebo pragmatické. Komplexní proces porozumění mluvené řeči zahrnuje všechny zmíněné jazykové roviny. Jeho narušení může mít dopad na každodenní aktivity jedince a jeho kvalitu života. Je proto nezbytné se v rámci diagnostiky kognitivních a specifičtěji jazykových funkcí zaměřit blíže rovněž na tuto oblast.

The article aims to highlight language difficulties and, more specifically, speech/language comprehension difficulties in persons with some neurocognitive disorders. People with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis struggle with cognitive impairment, includinglanguage difficulties. The latter can be manifested in phonology, semantics, morphology, syntax and/or pragmatics. All of these are included within a comprehensive process of speech/language comprehension. Its disruption can have an impact on the individual's daily activities as well as on the quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary also to focus on speech/ language comprehension as part of the cognitive and language assessment.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurokognitivní poruchy * komplikace   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   MeSH
• percepce řeči * MeSH
• poruchy řeči * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Mírná kognitivní porucha (MKP) ohrožuje velké procento seniorské populace po celém světě. Mezi symptomy patří též deficity v jazykových a řečových procesech. Tento příspěvek upozorňuje na problematiku narušeného porozumění řeči na úrovni vět u osob s MKP, a to prostřednictvím kazuistiky. U pacientky s MKP amnestického typu byla zkoumána úroveň větného porozumění pomocí české verze Testu porozumění větám. Zjištěna byla narušená komprehenze všech typů syntaktických konstrukcí s vysokou potřebou opakování a dále byl prokázán vliv komplexnosti vět na porozumění. Z analýzy výsledků vyplývá, že nedostatečné zpracování jazykové informace je důsledkem omezených ko­gnitivních zdrojů. Terapeutický postup by tak měl být zaměřen na trénink kognice, díky čemuž lze zlepšit či udržet i úroveň jazykových procesů.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) threatens a large percentage of the elderly population worldwide. Symptoms can also include language and speech difficulties. This article aims at speech/language comprehension difficulties at the sentence level in people with MCI, with the use of a case study. Sentence comprehension was examined in a female patient with amnestic MCI, by means of the Czech version of the Sentence Comprehension Test. Impaired comprehension of all sentence types was found, with a high need for repetition, as well as the influence of sentence complexity. The results show that limited cognitive resources are a reason for insufficient linguistic information processing. Thus, therapy focused on cognitive training will also improve or maintain language.

• Klíčová slova
• porozumění větám,
• MeSH
• jazykové testy MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce řeči * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate audiological benefits, quality of hearing and safety of two Bonebridge generation: BCI601 and BCI602 (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) in children. METHODS: Twelve children were implanted: five BCI601 and seven BCI602 comprising of ten conductive hearing loss, and two single sided deaf SSD subjects. Audiological outcomes tested were sound field audiometry, functional gain, speech recognition threshold (SRT50), speech recognition in noise (SPRINT) and localisation abilities. Subjective measures were Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12). RESULTS: The mean FG with the BCI601 was 25.0 dB and with the BCI602 28.0 dB. The benefit in SRT50 was 23.2 dB and 33.8 dB, respectively. The mean benefit in SPRINT was 15% and 6.7% and the localisation ability improved from 33.3° to 16° and from 26.2° to 17.6°, respectively. The two SSD subjects reported a FG of 17 dB, a benefit in SRT50 of 22.5 and a benefit in SPRINT of 20%. Subjective outcomes improved significantly and even exceeded the values of their age-and sex matched normal hearing peers. One revision was reported: a retroauricular emphysema above the implant occurred 12 months post-OP, it was resolved operatively with the implant still being functional. CONCLUSION: The pediatric cohort reports significant audiological benefit, even exceeding that of the age- and sex matched control. The combination of the high safety and audiological benefit makes the Bonebridge a comfortable and effective option in hearing rehabilitation in children.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kostní vedení zvuku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• percepce řeči * MeSH
• převodní nedoslýchavost chirurgie   MeSH
• sluch MeSH
• sluchové pomůcky * MeSH
• sluchové testy MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH