Arteriální hypertenze (AH) ve spojitosti s kardiometabolickými komorbiditami představuje terapeutickou výzvu. Následující text má připomenout a zdůraznit farmakologické strategie nezbytné pro léčbu pacientů s AH a přidruženými metabolickými poruchami. Článek podává přehled současných doporučení a léčebných postupů a zdůrazňuje význam individualizovaného přístupu při řešení komplexních komorbidních stavů, jako je diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemie a obezita. Pojednává mimo jiné o úloze inhibitorů RAAS, BKK, β-blokátorů a o úpravách životního stylu při dosahování optimální kontroly krevního tlaku a zlepšování kardiovaskulární morbidity a mortality. Dále se zabývá novými nadějnými léčebnými postupy a zdůrazňuje přínos fixních kombinací u farmakologické léčby.
Arterial hypertension (AH) in association with cardiometabolic comorbidities represents a therapeutic challenge. The following text is intended to remind and highlight the pharmacological strategies necessary for the treatment of patients with AH and associated metabolic disorders. The article reviews current recommendations and therapies and highlights the importance of individualized medicine in addressing the complexity of comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and obesity. It discusses the role of RAAS inhibitors, CCBs, β-blockers, and lifestyle modifications, among others, in achieving optimal blood pressure control and improving cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It also discusses promising new therapies and highlights the benefits of combinatorial pharmacological treatment.
AIM: Retrospective national sub-analysis of antidiabetic pharmacotherapy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) based on data reported to the National Register of Paid Health Services in the Czech Republic between 2012-2018. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: In 2012, there were 75,022 patients with HF and DM (i.e. 42.5% of patients with HF), 6 years later 117,265 (i.e. 41.0% of HF patients in 2018). The most represented antidiabetic drug was metformin (45.6%). Of the insulins and analogues, glargine showed the largest positive trend (5.8% 2012; 14.8% 2018). Empagliflozin was the most prescribed SGLT-2 inhibitor (1.8% in 2018). A decrease in prescribing was observed for saxagliptin (0.5% 2012; 0.1% 2018) and for sulfonylurea derivates - gliclazide (13.0% 2012; 10.3% in 2018) and glimepiride (12.9% 2012; 9.0% 2018). Linagliptin was the most prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor (0.7% 2012; 6.8% 2018). CONCLUSION: In the Czech Republic, between 2012 and 2008, there was an increase in prevalence of patients with heart failure and concomitant diabetes mellitus, their proportion being similar. In correspondence with other registries, metformin was used mostly. A positive trend was observed in prescription of DDP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors, while there was a significant decrease in patients taking sulfonylureas.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- glifloziny * terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypoglykemika terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory dipeptidylpeptidasy 4 * terapeutické užití farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- srdeční selhání * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: Studie se zabývala vztahem mezi subjektivní klasifikací New York Heart Association (NYHA) a objektivní zátěžovou kapacitou (měřenou pomocí vrcholového příjmu kyslíku [VO2peak]) u pacientů se srdečním selháním a dále tím, zda je tento vztah ovlivněn adherencí k medikaci. Metody: Byly analyzovány údaje 170 pacientů se srdečním selháním z registru Level-CHF. Adherence byla hodnocena pomocí testování koncentrace léků v séru. Objektivní zátěžová kapacita byla hodnocena pomocí spiroergometrie na bicyklovém ergometru. Výsledky: Hodnota objektivní maximální spotřeby kyslíku často převyšovala odpovídající subjektivní třídu NYHA se 46% shodou, rozdíly se projevovaly zejména na krajních koncích spektra. Byly zaznamenány drobné odchylky v subjektivním hodnocení třídy NYHA v souvislosti s adherencí k medikaci, ale nebyly pozorovány žádné podstatné rozdíly. Závěr: Výsledek upozorňuje na rozdíly mezi subjektivním a objektivním hodnocením funkční kapacity u pacientů se srdečním selháním. To by mělo vést k většímu využívání objektivních měření při klinickém rozhodování na základě funkční kapacity a k využívání přímo měřených hodnot VO2peak nad subjektivní třídou NYHA. Dodržování medikace významně nezměnilo subjektivně-objektivní trendy NYHA
Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between the subjective New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and objective exercise capacity (VO2peak) in patients with heart failure and whether it is influenced by medication adherence. Methods: Data from 170 heart failure patients in the Level-CHF register were analysed, and adherence was assessed by serum drug level testing. Objective exercise capacity was assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a bicycle ergometer. Results: Objective VO2peak frequently exceeded the subjective NYHA class with 46% concordance, especially at the extreme ends of the spectrum. Minor differences in subjective NYHA class in relation to medication adherence were noted, but no substantial disparity was observed. Conclusion: These findings highlight the discrepancies between subjective and objective assessments of functional capacity in patients with heart failure. This calls for a greater use of objective measurements in clinical decision-making based on functional capacity and for preference of direct VO2peak values over subjective NYHA categories. Medication adherence did not significantly alter the subjective-objective NYHA trends.
- Klíčová slova
- NYHA,
- MeSH
- adherence k farmakoterapii MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku účinky léků MeSH
- srdeční selhání * patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zátěžový test metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Blood pressure (BP) dynamics during graded exercise testing provide important insights into cardiovascular health, particularly in athletes. These measurements, taken during intense physical exertion, complement and often enhance our understanding beyond traditional resting BP measurements. Historically, the challenge has been to distinguish 'normal' from 'exaggerated' BP responses in the athletic environment. While basic guidelines have served their purpose, they may not fully account for the complex nature of BP responses in today's athletes, as illuminated by contemporary research. This review critically evaluates existing guidelines in the context of athletic performance and cardiovascular health. Through a rigorous analysis of the current literature, we highlight the multifaceted nature of exercise-induced BP fluctuations in athletes, emphasising the myriad determinants that influence these responses, from specific training regimens to inherent physiological nuances. Our aim is to advocate a tailored, athlete-centred approach to BP assessment during exercise. Such a paradigm shift is intended to set the stage for evidence-based guidelines to improve athletic training, performance and overall cardiovascular well-being.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- koronární angiografie metody MeSH
- koronární bypass metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- sportovci MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis * chirurgie diagnóza MeSH
- výkony cévní chirurgie metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 survivors may experience long-term health problems, including deterioration of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as demonstrated by several cross-sectional studies that compared the results of cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) performed only after COVID-19 with predicted values. This study aimed to analyze a change in CRF between repeated CPETs in response to suffered COVID-19. METHODS: A total of 127 healthcare workers (HCWs; mean age 55.7 years) underwent two CPETs with a mean interval of 762 days. Forty HCWs suffered from COVID-19 (mild to moderate severity) in the interim (321 days before the second CPET), and 87 HCWs formed a control group. Mixed-effects regression with multiple adjustment and interaction terms was used for two response variables - maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and power output. RESULTS: Between both CPETs, mean VO2 max decreased statistically significantly in the COVID-19 subgroup (by 3.12 mL/kg/min, p = .034) and insignificantly in controls (by 0.56 mL/kg/min, p = .412). The proportion of HCWs achieving predicted VO2 max decreased from 75.9% to 59.5% (p = .161) in COVID-19 survivors, while it increased from 73.8% to 81% (p = .274) in controls. COVID-19 (β = -0.66, p = .014) and body mass index (β = -0.49, p < .001) were independent negative predictors of VO2 max change. COVID-19 was not associated with a change in power output. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of repeated CPETs, COVID-19 significantly, albeit rather modestly, reduces CRF almost one year after infection. The reduction persists even after the acute phase with mild or moderate severity.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death among athletes, and those with a positive family history (FH) of SCD and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be at increased risk. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of positive FH of SCD and CVD in athletes using four widely used preparticipation screening (PPS) systems. The secondary objective was to compare the functionality of the screening systems. In a cohort of 13,876 athletes, 1.28% had a positive FH in at least one PPS system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the maximum heart rate as significantly associated with positive FH (OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.027-1.056, p < 0.001). The highest prevalence of positive FH was found using the PPE-4 system (1.20%), followed by FIFA, AHA, and IOC systems (1.11%, 0.89%, and 0.71%, respectively). In conclusion, the prevalence of positive FH for SCD and CVD in Czech athletes was found to be 1.28%. Furthermore, positive FH was associated with a higher maximum heart rate at the peak of the exercise test. The findings of this study revealed significant differences in detection rates between PPS protocols, so further research is needed to determine the optimal method of FH collection.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Persistent post-COVID syndrome, also referred to as long COVID, is a pathologic entity that involves persistent physical, medical, and cognitive sequelae following COVID-19. Decreased fitness has repeatedly been reported in numerous studies dealing with post-COVID syndrome, however, it is still not fully clear which groups of patients may be more susceptible for persisting symptoms. AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate the number of post-COVID patients with cardiac symptoms, where these patients were evaluated by CPET and the results compared with a control group of patients. METHODS: Follow-up of patients in post-COVID outpatient clinic from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2022. Inclusion criteria were positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and age 18-100. The initial examination was performed 4-12 weeks after the disease onset. All patients with possible cardiac symptoms had completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The control group was randomly selected from a database of clients in 2019, with the preventive reason for evaluation. RESULTS: From 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2022, 2732 patients (45.7% males) were evaluated with a mean age of 54.6 ± 14.7. CPET was indicated only in 97 patients (3.5%). Seventy-four patients (26 male) achieved the exercise maximum and a comparison were made with a control group (same age (p = 0.801), BMI (p = 0.721), and sex ratio). No significant dependence between the parameter VO2 max mL/kg/min and post-COVID disability was demonstrated (p = 0.412). Spearman's correlation analysis did not show a significant relationship between the parameter VO2 max mL/kg/min and the severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.285). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac symptoms occurred in only a small percentage of patients in our study. There is a need for further studies that would objectively evaluate the effect of COVID-19 disease on the patient's health.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- centra sekundární péče MeSH
- hypertenze * etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předání pacienta do jiné péče MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
