Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between the adverse influence of perinatal development and increased risk of ischemic heart disease in adults. From negative factors to which the fetus is subjected, the most important is hypoxia. The fetus may experience hypoxic stress under different conditions, including pregnancy at high altitude, pregnancy with anemia, placental insufficiency, and heart, lung, and kidney disease. One of the most common insults during the early stages of postnatal development is hypoxemia due to congenital cyanotic heart defects. Experimental studies have demonstrated a link between early hypoxia and increased risk of ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in adults. Furthermore, it has been observed that late myocardial effects of chronic hypoxia, experienced in early life, may be sex-dependent. Unlike in males, perinatal hypoxia significantly increased cardiac tolerance to acute I/R injury in adult females, expressed as decreased infarct size and lower incidence of ischemic arrhythmias. It was suggested that early hypoxia may result in sex-dependent programming of specific genes in the offspring with the consequence of increased cardiac susceptibility to I/R injury in adult males. These results would have important clinical implications, since cardiac sensitivity to oxygen deprivation in adult patients may be significantly influenced by perinatal hypoxia in a sex-dependent manner.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypoxie plodu komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- ischemická choroba srdeční epidemiologie etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reperfuzní poškození myokardu epidemiologie etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- srdce embryologie patofyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice epidemiologie etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Many functions of the cardiovascular apparatus are affected by gender. The aim of our study was find out whether markers of cell death present in the donor myocardium differ in male and female hearts. The study involved 81 patients undergoing heart transplantation from September 2010 to January 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: male allograft (n=49), and female allograft (n=32). Two types of myocardial cell death were analyzed. High-sensitive cardiac troponin T as a necrosis marker and protein bcl-2, caspase 3 and TUNEL as apoptosis markers were measured. We observed a significantly higher level of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T after correcting for predicted ventricular mass in female donors before transplantation as well as in the female allograft group after transplantation throughout the monitored period (P=0.011). There were no differences in apoptosis markers (bcl-2, caspase 3, TUNEL) between male and female hearts before transplantation. Both genders showed a significant increase of TUNEL-positive myocytes one week after transplantation without differences between the groups. Moreover, there were no differences in caspase 3 and bcl-2 expression between the two groups. Our results demonstrated the presence of necrotic and apoptotic cell death in human heart allografts. High-sensitive cardiac troponin T adjusted for predicted ventricular mass as a marker of myocardial necrosis was higher in female donors, and this gender difference was even more pronounced after transplantation.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dárci tkání * MeSH
- kaspasa 3 metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myokard metabolismus patologie MeSH
- nekróza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 metabolismus MeSH
- reperfuzní poškození myokardu etiologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- transplantace srdce škodlivé účinky MeSH
- troponin T metabolismus MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Clinical and experimental studies have repeatedly indicated that overloaded hearts have a higher vulnerability to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to answer the question whether the degree of tolerance to oxygen deprivation in hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) may be sex-dependent. For this purpose, adult SHR and their normotensive control Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were used. The isolated hearts were perfused according to Langendorff at constant pressure (proportionally adjusted to the blood pressure in vivo). Recovery of contractile parameters (left ventricular systolic, diastolic and developed pressure as well as the peak rate of developed pressure) was measured during reperfusion after 20 min of global no-flow ischemia in 5 min intervals. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured by direct puncture of carotid artery under light ether anesthesia in a separate group of animals. The degree of hypertension was comparable in both sexes of SHR. The recovery of contractile functions in SHR males and females was significantly lower than in WKY rats during the whole investigated period. There was no sex difference in the recovery of WKY animals; on the other hand, the recovery was significantly better in SHR females than in SHR males. It may be concluded that the hearts of female SHR are more resistant to ischemia/reperfusion injury as compared with male SHR. This fact could have important clinical implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in women.
- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- hypertenze MeSH
- hypertrofie levé komory srdeční komplikace MeSH
- ischemická choroba srdeční komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR zranění MeSH
- potkani inbrední WKY zranění MeSH
- reperfuze myokardu škodlivé účinky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- ischemická choroba srdeční metabolismus MeSH
- ischemické přivykání MeSH
- NG-nitroargininmethylester farmakologie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- reperfuzní poškození myokardu metabolismus MeSH
- srdeční arytmie diagnóza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
