AIM: Dental fear/anxiety (DFA) may considerably complicate treatment in paediatric dentistry. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess DFA in Czech preschoolers aged 3-6 years and its relationship to gender, age, location of residence, dental status and previous treatment. METHODS: The study involved 460 children from preschools in four location types selected according to the WHO criteria for oral health surveys. DFA was assessed using the Venham picture test (VPT, score range 0-8) prior to the evaluation of dental status using the dmfs (decayed, missing, filled surface) index. The significance level was set to 5%. CONCLUSION: DFA is common in Czech preschoolers. Higher levels of DFA were found in females, children aged 3-4 years, children from rural areas, children with a higher dmfs index and children who had a tooth extracted.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orální zdraví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• strach z ošetření zubů * epidemiologie   MeSH
• zubní kaz * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical effect of untreated dental caries in Roma children from eastern Slovakia using dmft/DMFT index and SiC index, association between dental caries development and oral hygiene, dietary habits and preventive dental care. METHODS: Dental caries were assessed by recording the dmft index (for primary dentition) and the DMFT index (for permanent dentition) that are used to assess the state of teeth, which expresses the current state of teeth or its development in an individual or the entire population. The SiC index was calculated as the mean dmft of one-third of the population with highest caries scores. The normality of data distribution was tested by Shapiro-Wilk test. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions (oral hygiene, dietary habits and preventive dental visit). Data were analysed using ordered logistic regression and t-test. The study includes questionnaire containing 5 questions about dietary habits, oral hygiene and preventive dental visit. RESULTS: The results of presented study confirmed higher average values of DMFT (3.24) in the population of 12-year-old Roma children and lower average values of dmft (2.5) in the second group (p < 0.05). The value of SiC index represented 6.10 in the group of six-year-old and 7.66 in twelve-year-old children. Logistic regression was performed to test the magnitude of the association between dental caries and related factors. There was statistically significant association between average value dmft/DMFT and dietary habits, oral hygiene, and preventive dental visit in both study groups. CONCLUSION: The study revealed insufficient oral hygiene of the Roma children population. Systematic implementation of preventive examinations for oral hygiene and health programmes are needed to promote oral health. The study represents a pilot study of the SiC index values in Roma minority population from eastern Slovakia.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orální zdraví MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Romové * MeSH
• zubní kaz * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

This prospective study monitored the dental status, the presence of plaque, and cariogenic microorganism levels of identical children over three years. The aim was to determine the dynamics of caries increment as well as the relationship between risk factors and caries prevalence. A total number of 125 children (72 boys and 53 girls) was included in the study, with an average age of 3.95 ± 0.06 years at the baseline. During the clinical examination at the nursery schools, the presence of dental plaque was recorded, and saliva samples were collected from the tongue of children for the DentoCult SM test providing easy detection of mutans streptococci from saliva samples. At baseline, 65.6% of the children had no caries, 4% had restored teeth with fillings or crowns or missing teeth due to caries, and 30.4% had at least one untreated caries. The percentages of intact teeth, restored or missing teeth, and untreated caries were 52.8%, 8.8%, 38.4% in the second year and 49.1%, 13.8%, and 31.1% in the third year. The dmft index value was 1.41 ± 0.24 in the first year, 2.29 ± 0.30 in the second year, and 2.33 ± 0.31 in the third year. There was a significant correlation between plaque presence and dt and dmft values (p < 0.05; the statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). This 3-year longitudinal study highlighted the importance of examining both the oral hygiene and the level of cariogenic microorganisms when undertaking the evaluation of caries risk evaluation in preschool children.

• MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sliny mikrobiologie   MeSH
• trvalá zubní náhrada statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zubní kaz epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zubní plak mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in tooth formation and the mineralization of dental tissue. The aim of the study was to analyse Czech children with primary/permanent dentition polymorphisms in those genes encoding MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, MMP16, and MMP20, which had been previously associated with dental caries in other populations. METHODS: In total, 782 Czech children were included in this case-control study. DNA samples were taken from 474 subjects with dental caries (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, DMFT ≥ 1) and 155 caries free children (DMFT = 0) aged 13-15 years, as well as 101 preschool children with early childhood caries (ECC, dmft ≥ 1) and 52 caries free children (dmft = 0), were analyzed for nine MMPs single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using real time polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assays. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the allele and/or genotype frequencies of all the studied MMPs SNPs among children with dental caries in primary/permanent dentition and the healthy controls (P > 0.05). In addition, similar allele or genotype frequencies of the studied MMPs SNPs were found in children with severe dental caries in their permanent teeth (children with DMFT ≥ 6) and the healthy controls (DMFT = 0, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the lack of association between the selected SNPs in candidate genes of MMPs and the susceptibility to or severity of dental caries in both primary and permanent dentitions in Czech children.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• dentice trvalá MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zubní kaz * epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate caries prevalence in a sample of schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years from rural and urban areas in Croatia. METHODS: Using standardized World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria, the oral health status of 1,589 children (265 from rural and 1,324 from urban areas) was assessed by recording the following indices: DMFT (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth), deft (decayed, extracted, filled primary teeth), DMFS (decayed, missing, filled surfaces - permanent teeth), defs (decayed, extracted, filled surfaces - primary teeth) and SiC (Significant Caries Index). Rural areas were Štitar and Babina Greda municipalities in Slavonia and urban areas were the cities of Županja (Slavonia), Zagreb and Dubrovnik. RESULTS: Half of the examined children (50.0%) had caries (D component in DMFT), with 46.0% of these being from urban and 70.2% from rural areas. The median DMFT among children was 2, 4 (rural) and 2 (urban) (p < 0.001). Among 12-year-olds, the median DMFT was 4 (rural) and 3 (urban), and mean DMFT was 3.4. The median DMFS for rural area was 5 and for urban area 3 (p < 0.001). The median deft was 1.00 for rural and 1.00 for urban, while the highest value was found among 6-year-olds at 9 in rural and 7 in urban areas. The median SiC was 4, 4 (urban) and 5 (rural). CONCLUSION: Schoolchildren from urban and rural areas in Croatia differ significantly in caries prevalence. They fall into the medium DMFT classification group according to the WHO, which indicates the need for a comprehensive oral health preservation programme.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zubní kaz * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chorvatsko MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The enamelin gene (ENAM) polymorphism (rs12640848) was recently associated with dental caries in primary teeth in Polish children. The aims of the present study were to prove this association in primary dentition and to find a possible effect of this variant on caries development in permanent dentition in Czech children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study comprised 905 Czech children. Totally, 187 children aged 2-6 years with primary dentition [78 healthy subjects (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, dmft = 0) and 109 patients with early childhood caries (ECC; dmft ≥ 1)] were included in this case-control study. In addition, 177 subjects aged 13-15 years without caries (DMFT = 0) and 541 children with dental caries (DMFT ≥ 1) in permanent dentition were selected from the ELSPAC study. Genotype determination of the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) was based on the TaqMan method. RESULTS: No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies between the caries-free children and those affected by dental caries were observed in both primary and permanent dentitions. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of association between the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) and dental caries in Czech children was detected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although ENAM is considered as a candidate gene for dental caries, the presence of the ENAM variant (rs12640848) cannot be used as a risk factor of this multifactorial disease in the Czech population.

• MeSH
• dentice trvalá MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• extracelulární matrix - proteiny genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• zubní kaz epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• zuby mléčné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Úvod a cíl: Výsledky výzkumů a názory na kojení ve vztahu k rozvoji kazu raného dětství (ECC) jsou často kontroverzní. Cílem naší práce bylo analyzovat stav chrupu českých dětí s dočasnou denticí v závislosti na době, po kterou byly kojeny, na stravovacích návycích a na úrovni jejich orální hygieny. Metody: Do této retrospektivní studie jsme zařadili 424 dětí české národnosti z Olomouckého a Jihomoravského kraje, jejichž rodiče podepsali informovaný souhlas a zúčastnili se dotazníkového šetření. Dotazník obsahoval čtyři sady otázek zaměřených na anamnestická data, délku kojení, příjem slazených nápojů a orální hygienu dítěte. Podmínkou pro zařazení do studie bylo prořezání minimálně 16 dočasných a nepřítomnost stálého zubu u dítěte celkově zdravého (včetně absence nadváhy nebo obezity). U dětí jsme zaznamenali kpe index (kaz/výplň/extrahovaný zub) a stav gingivy. Hodnocení dat bylo provedeno s využitím statistického softwaru Statistica v. 13.2. Výsledky: Mezi 230 chlapci a 194 dívkami průměrného věku 4,0 ± 1,1 let (± směrodatná odchylka) bylo 149 dětí s intaktní dočasnou denticí (kpe = 0) a 275 dětí se závažným ECC (sECC, kpe ≥ 6). U dětí se sECC rodiče v dotazníku častěji uvedli, že dítěti podávají slazené nápoje a začínají mu čistit zuby až od prvního roku věku, než rodiče dětí s intaktní denticí (89,9 % vs. 65,0 %, p < 0,0001, a 80,5 % vs. 40,7 %, p < 0,0001). Kojeno bylo celkem 90,7 % dětí, z toho 52,2 % déle než šest měsíců, a 5,6 % (23 dětí) dokonce déle než 24 měsíců. Po stratifikaci dětí do tří skupin podle doby, po kterou byly kojeny (I. skupina: ≤ 6, II. skupina: 6 a více až ≤ 24, III. skupina: > 24 měsíců), jsme nezaznamenali statisticky významný rozdíl v úrovni orální hygieny mezi dětmi v jednotlivých skupinách, ale v parametru podávání slazených nápojů ano (p < 0,05). Rodiče 77,3 % dětí ve III. skupině uvedli, že s čištěním zubů začali nejdříve po dovršení prvního roku života dítěte; 86,4 % z nich přitom podávalo svým dětem slazené nápoje, což sumárně odpovídá nejrizikovějšímu chování. Dále jsme zjistili, že děti ve II. skupině mají statisticky významně nižší riziko rozvoje sECC oproti dětem v I. skupině (p < 0,001) nebo dětem ve III. skupině (p < 0,01). Pomocí korelační matice jsme analyzovali chování rodičů a nalezli jsme behaviorální vzorec související s orálním zdravím jejich dětí. Závěr: V etiopatogenezi ECC hraje roli mnoho faktorů; z našich výsledků se kojení dětí v rozmezí šest až 24 měsíců jeví jako protektivní faktor tohoto infekčního onemocnění. Podávání slazených nápojů a pozdní nástup orální hygieny jsme naopak asociovali se sECC. S kojením delším než dva roky je nejvíce spjato rizikové chování matek/osob pečujících o dítě, které může vést k rozvoji sECC.

Introduction and aim: Results of research and opinions on breastfeeding in relation to the development of early childhood caries (ECC) are often controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the state of teeth of Czech children with primary dentition depending on the time for which they were breastfed, eating habits and the level of their oral hygiene. Methods: This retrospective study comprised 424 children of Czech nationality from the Olomouc and South Moravian regions, whose parents signed informed consent and participated in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contained four sets of questions focused on anamnestic data, duration of breastfeeding, intake of sweetened soft drinks and child’s oral hygiene. A prerequisite for inclusion in the study was eruption of at least 16 primary and the absence of a permanent tooth in the generally healthy child (also without overweight or obesity). In children, we recorded dmft index (decay/missed/filled teeth) and gingival condition. Data evaluation was performed using statistical software Statistica v. 13.2. Results: Of the total set of 424 children (230 boys and 194 girls; mean age ± standard deviation: 4.0 ± 1.1 years), 149 were children with intact primary dentition (dmft = 0) and 275 children with severe ECC (sECC, dmft ≥ 6). In children with sECC, the parents reported in the questionnaire that they served the children more often sweetened beverages and started cleaning their teeth at the age of one year versus the parents of children with the intact dentition (89.9% vs. 65.0%, p < 0.0001, and 80.5% vs. 40.7%, p < 0.0001). 90.7% of children were breastfed, 52.2% of them longer than six months and 5.6% (23 children) even longer than 24 months. After stratification of children to three groups according to the duration of breastfeeding (Group I: ≤ 6, Group II: 6 < and ≤ 24, Group III: > 24 months, no statistically significant difference in the level of oral hygiene in the children in the individual groups was recorded in contrast to the parameter of serving sweetened beverages (p < 0.05). Parents of 77.3% children in Group III reported they started cleaning their children’s teeth only after one year of age; 86.4% of them served sweetened liquids to their children, this summarily corresponds to the most risk behavior. Further, we found that the children in Group II had statistically significantly lower risk of the sECC development than the children in Group I (p < 0.001) or children in Group III (p < 0.01). Behavior of parents was analyzed using a correlation matrix and a behavioral pattern related to oral health of their children was found. Conclusion: Many factors play a role in the etiopathogenesis of ECC; our results suggest that breastfeeding of children in the duration of 6 to 24 months appears to be a protective factor for this infectious disease. On the contrary, serving sweetened drinks and late start of oral hygiene was associated with sECC. Breastfeeding longer than two years is connected with risk behavior of mothers/caregivers which can result in the development of sECC.

• MeSH
• dentice MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
• gingivitida MeSH
• kojení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko MeSH
• orální hygiena MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• zubní kaz * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between BMP2 (rs1884302) and DLX3 (rs2278163) gene polymorphisms and dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions. A total of 914 subjects were genotyped by the TaqMan methods: 176 caries-free children (with Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth, DMFT = 0), 542 patients with dental caries in permanent dentition (DMFT ≥1), 83 caries-free children with primary teeth (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, dmft = 0), and 113 children with early childhood caries (ECC, dmft ≥1). There were no significant differences in allele/genotype frequencies between patients with caries in permanent dentition/ECC and caries-free children or between patients with very low (DMFT = 0-2), low (DMFT = 3-5), moderate (DMFT = 6-8), or high (DMFT ≥9) caries experience. Variability in BMP2 and DLX3 was not associated with caries in the Czech population.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• dentice trvalá MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• homeodoménové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• kostní morfogenetický protein 2 genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• zubní kaz genetika   MeSH
• zuby mléčné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• demineralizace zubů MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Lactobacillus patogenita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličejová bolest diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• salivace * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Streptococcus mutans patogenita   MeSH
• xerostomie * MeSH
• ztráta zubů MeSH
• zubní kaz * etnologie   MeSH
• zuby - přehledy zdravotního stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Dental caries is an important public health issue worldwide. In developing countries preventive dentistry is not common; hence, oral and dental health problems continue to generate serious economic and social issues. The aim of this study was to assess oral health and the incidence of dental caries in systemically healthy children aged 3-14 years, provide education on oral hygiene motivation, conduct the necessary preventive and restorative procedures, and reassess caries development at the 6-, 12-, and 18-month post-treatment follow-up. METHODS: Systemically healthy children aged 3-14 years who applied to the Paediatric Dentistry Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University (ADU) were included in the study. The subjects were evaluated for oral health status and incidence of dental caries based on surveys and clinical examination, motivation for oral hygiene with necessary training, completion of preventive and restorative treatments, and development of dental caries at the 6-, 12-, and 18-month post-treatment follow-up. RESULTS: The study included 320 patients, aged 3-14 years (mean age 8.08 ± 3.45 years). In children included in the study, the average decayed (d), missing (m) and filled (f) primary teeth (dmft) value was 3.81 (min-max: 0-16), decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) permanent teeth (DMFT) value, 1.49 (min-max: 0-6), decayed (d), missing(m) and filled(f) primary teeth surface (dmfs) value, 10.11 (min-max: 0-40), and decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) permanent teeth surface (DMFS) value, 2.09 (min-max: 0-12). CONCLUSIONS: For the protection and maintenance of oral and dental health in dentistry, preventive approaches should be the first concern and conservative therapeutic methods should be given priority after occurrence of any dental pathology. In addition, one-time examinations are not sufficient, and children should be examined at least twice a year. This study showed that the incidence of dental caries declined in children who underwent periodical examination and preventive dental treatment.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DMF Index MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• orální zdraví * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• stomatologická péče o děti * MeSH
• ukazatele zdravotního stavu * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zubní kaz epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH