The type B trichothecenes pollute food crops and have been associated to alimentary toxicosis resulted in emetic reaction in human and animal. This group of mycotoxins consists deoxynivalenol (DON) and four structurally related congeners: 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV) and 4-acetyl-nivalenol (fusarenon X, FX). While emesis induced by intraperitoneally dosed to DON in the mink has been related to plasma up-grading of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and neurotransmitters peptide YY (PYY), the impact of oral dosing with DON or its four congeners on secretion of these chemical substances have not been established. The aim of this work was to contraste emetic influence to type B trichothecene mycotoxins by orally dosing and involve these influence to PYY and 5-HT. All five toxins attracted marked emetic reaction that are relevant to elevated PYY and 5-HT. The reduction in vomiting induced by the five toxins and PYY was due to blocking of the neuropeptide Y2 receptor. The inhibition of the induced vomiting response by 5-HT and all five toxins is regulated by the 5-HT3 receptor inhibitor granisetron. In a word, our results indicate that PYY and 5-HT take a key role in the emetic reaction evoked by type B trichothecenes.
- MeSH
- emetika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykotoxiny * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- norek MeSH
- peptid YY MeSH
- serotonin MeSH
- trichotheceny typu B * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- trichotheceny * toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvracení chemicky indukované MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most naturally-occurring trichothecenes, may affect animal and human health by causing vomiting as a hallmark of food poisoning. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) usually co-occurs with DON as its glucosylated form and is another emerging food safety issue in recent years. However, the toxicity of D3G is not fully understood compared to DON, especially in emetic potency. The goals of this research were to (1) compare emetic effects to D3G by oral and intraperitoneal (IP) routes and relate emetic effects to brain-gut peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and substance P (SP) in mink; (2) determine the roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in D3G's emetic effect. Both oral and IP exposure to D3G elicited marked emetic events. This emetic response corresponded to an elevation of GIP and SP. Blocking the GIP receptor (GIPR) diminished emetic response induction by GIP and D3G. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) inhibitor Emend® restrained the induction of emesis by SP and D3G. Importantly, CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 or TRP channel antagonist ruthenium red dose-dependently inhibited both D3G-induced emesis and brain-gut peptides GIP and SP release; cotreatment with both antagonists additively suppressed both emetic and brain-gut peptide responses to D3G. To summarize, our findings demonstrate that activation of CaSR and TRP channels contributes to D3G-induced emesis by mediating brain-gut peptide exocytosis in mink.
- MeSH
- emetika * toxicita MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- glukosidy MeSH
- norek MeSH
- receptory gastrointestinálních hormonů MeSH
- receptory spřažené s G-proteiny MeSH
- substance P MeSH
- trichotheceny * chemie toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvracení chemicky indukované MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Type A trichothecene neosolaniol (NEO) is considered a potential risk to human and animal health by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). To date, available data do not allow making conclusions about the toxicological properties of this toxin. Trichothecenes have been previously demonstrated to induce emetic responses in mink, and this response has been associated with neurotransmitter peptide YY (PYY) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The goal of this study was to compare emetic effects of NEO administered by intraperitoneal and oral routes and relate these effects to PYY and 5-HT. The effective doses resulting in emetic events in 50% of the animals following intraperitoneal and oral exposure to NEO were 0.4 and 0.09 mg/kg bw, respectively. This emetic response corresponded to elevated PYY and 5-HT levels. Blocking the neuropeptide Y2 receptor diminished emesis induction by PYY and NEO. The 5-HT3 receptor inhibitor granisetron completely restrained the induction of emesis by 5-HT and NEO. To summarize, our findings demonstrate that PYY and 5-HT play important roles in the NEO-induced emetic response.
- MeSH
- antagonisté serotoninových receptorů 5-HT3 farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- emetika toxicita MeSH
- norek MeSH
- receptory neuropeptidu Y antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- receptory serotoninové 5-HT3 metabolismus MeSH
- trichotheceny toxicita MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvracení chemicky indukované metabolismus prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The Bacillus cereus sensu lato group includes potentially pathogenic bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and, importantly, could also be present in food products. This study focuses on emetic isolates which presumably could cause acute food poisoning and emetic syndrome. Here, we evaluate the ability of psychrotolerant Bacillus weihenstephanensis MC118 (isolated from soil) and mesophilic B. cereus BOD3/9 isolated from milk to germinate and multiply at 7 and 30 °C. Whereas the rates of germination at 30 °C in milk and nutrient broth of MC118 and BOD3/9 were similar, MC118, but not BOD3/9, proliferated to achieve relatively high numbers (∼10(6) colony-forming units/g) within 7 days of incubation at 7 °C. Mesophilic BOD3/9 showed a slight decrease of cell concentration in similar studies at 7 °C. Genotyping with repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed significant similarities between BOD3/9 and emetic reference B. cereus F4810/72 strain, while the B. weihenstephanensis MC118 isolate was more similar to the B. weihenstephanensis non-emetic reference DSMZ11821 strain. Our data suggest that emetic isolates that are also psychrotolerant, such as MC118, could constitute a hazard in the dairy industry, where milk could be a suitable medium for germination and growth.
- MeSH
- Bacillus klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- emetika metabolismus MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární typizace MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- acetylcystein terapeutické užití MeSH
- emetika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hydroxid hlinitý antagonisté a inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- hydroxid hořečnatý antagonisté a inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- hydroxid vápenatý otrava škodlivé účinky MeSH
- ipekakový sirup škodlivé účinky MeSH
- koroze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nebezpečné látky metabolismus otrava škodlivé účinky MeSH
- paracetamol otrava škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- antidota terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí terapeutické užití MeSH
- emetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- otrava terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
