Díky svému umístění chrání hydrofobní lipidová doména paraoxonázy-1 (PON-1) lipoproteiny o vysoké hustotě (high-density lipoprotein, HDL), lipoproteiny o nízké hustotě (low-density lipoprotein, LDL) a buněčné membrány na vnější straně před oxidací. Nezastavuje se tím tvorba konjugovaných dienů, ale mění se tak produkty lipoperoxidace na neškodné karboxylové kyseliny místo aldehydů, které by se mohly navazovat na apolipoprotein B. Paraoxonáza-1 v séru negativně ovlivňuje nové příhody u diabetu a aterosklerotického kardiovaskulárního onemocnění (ASKVO). Diabetes, dyslipidemie a zánět snižují aktivitu PON-1. Ablace lidského genu pro PON-1 nebo nadměrná exprese tohoto genu u zvířat posiluje nebo tlumí vnímavost k rozvoji aterosklerózy. Na rozdíl od apolipoproteinu AII zvyšují sérová koncentrace amyloidu A a myeloperoxidáza, apolipoprotein AI a poměr lecitin : cholesterol acyl transferáza antioxidační účinek PON-1. Strava a již užívané léky měnící hodnoty lipidů mohou účinnost PON snížit, je však třeba provádět specifickou léčbu zvyšující hodnoty PON-1.

Due to where paraoxonase-1 (PON-1)'s hydrophobic lipid domain is located, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protects low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the cell membranes on the outside from oxidation. It doesn't stop the formation of conjugated dienes, but it changes the products of lipid peroxidation into harmless carboxylic acids instead of aldehydes that could link to apolipoprotein B. Serum PON-1 inversely affects new events in diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation decrease PON-1 activity. Human PON-1 gene ablation or overexpression in animals enhances or reduces atherosclerosis susceptibility. Unlike AII, serum amyloid A, and myeloperoxidase, apolipoprotein AI and lecithin : cholesterol acyl transferase boost PON-1 antioxidant activity. Diet and pre-existing lipid-modifying drugs may impact PON-1 activity, but specific PON-1-raising therapy is required.

• MeSH
• aryldialkylfosfatasa * fyziologie   genetika   krev   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ateroskleróza * genetika   krev   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny HDL fyziologie   MeSH
• lipoproteiny MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů fyziologie   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether there is an association between pre-pregnancy lipid parameters and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), a group especially at risk for GDM, and if so, which parameter is associated the strongest. METHODS: Data was collected at the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital CITIC-Xiangya in Changsha, China from January 2017 to December 2018. The measured lipid parameters include LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), TC (total cholesterol), and TG (triglycerides). RESULTS: 119 (15.5%) of the 767 patients developed GDM. On average, women who developed GDM were older, had a higher BMI, LDL, TC, and TG, and lower HDL. After adjusting for confounders, LDL and HDL showed a significant association with GDM (p < 0.05), but TC and TG did not. Binary LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios showed the strongest association with GDM incidence (OR 1.957 [95%CI 1.258-3.044] and 1.942 [1.243-3.034] respectively). Subgroup analysis showed that an elevated LDL/HDL ratio also increased GDM risk in subgroups with a typically lower prevalence of GDM, such as young women with a low BMI and low blood pressure. Both lipid ratios (LDL/HDL and TC/HD) show strong interactions with baseline age, fasting plasma glucose, and LH. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of Chinese women undergoing ART, pre-pregnancy LDL/HDL and TC/HDL were associated with GDM the strongest from the lipid parameters and could be useful to estimate GDM risk even before ART treatments and pregnancy. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT03503006 registered on the 21st of March 2018 (on clinicaltrials.gov). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03503006?locStr=Changsha,%20Hunan,%20China&country=China&state=Hunan&city=Changsha&cond=ivf&rank=2 .

• MeSH
• asistovaná reprodukce * MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gestační diabetes * krev   epidemiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol * krev   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate relationships between cholesterol profile, brain volumetric MRI, and clinical measures in a large observational cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 1.505 patients with 4.966 time points including complete lipid, clinical, and imaging data. The time among lipid, brain MRI and clinical measures was under 90 days. Cross-sectional statistical analysis at baseline was performed using an adjusted linear regression and analysis of longitudinal lipid and MRI measures data was performed using adjusted linear mixed models. RESULTS: We found associations between higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lower brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) at cross-sectional analysis at baseline (B = -0.43, CI 95%: -0.73, -0.12, p = 0.005), as well as in longitudinal analysis over follow-up (B = -0.32 ± 0.072, χ2 = 36.6; p = < 0.001). Higher HDL-C was also associated with higher T2-lesion volume in longitudinal analysis (B = 0.11 ± 0.023; χ2 = 23.04; p = < 0.001). We observed a weak negative association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and BPF at baseline (B = -0.26, CI 95%: -0.4, -0.11, p = < 0.001) as well as in longitudinal analysis (B = -0.06 ± 0.03, χ2 = 4.46; p = 0.03). T2-LV did not show an association with LDL-C. We did not find any association between lipid measures and disability. The effect of lipid levels on MRI measures and disability was minimal (Cohen f2 < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our results contradict the previously described exclusively positive effect of HDL-C on brain atrophy in patients with MS. Higher LDL-C was weakly associated with higher brain atrophy but not with higher lesion burden.

• MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol * krev   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mozek * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování   krev   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: The highest mortality and morbidity worldwide is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which has in background both environmental and genetic risk factors. Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) variability influences the risk of ASCVD in Africans, but little is known about the APOL1 and ASCVD in other ethnic groups. METHODS: To investigate the role of APOL1 and ASCVD, we have genotyped four (rs13056427, rs136147, rs10854688 and rs9610473) APOL1 polymorphisms in a group of 1541 male patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 1338 male controls. RESULTS: Individual APOL1 polymorphisms were not associated with traditional CVD risk factors such as smoking, hypertension or diabetes prevalence, with BMI values or plasma lipid levels. Neither individual polymorphisms nor haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of ACS nor did they predict total or cardiovascular mortality over the 10.2 ± 3.9 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that APOL1 genetic variability has no major effect on risk of ACS in Caucasians.

• MeSH
• akutní koronární syndrom * genetika   MeSH
• apolipoprotein L1 * genetika   MeSH
• apolipoproteiny genetika   MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny HDL genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: An association between lipid measures and cognitive decline in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate relationships between lipid profile and cognitive performance in a large observational cohort of MS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 211 patients with 316 available pairs of lipid and cognitive measures performed over follow-up. The time between lipid and cognitive measures did not exceed 90 days. Baseline data were analyzed by non-parametric Spearman rank correlation test. Repeated measures were analyzed using linear mixed models adjusted for sex, age, education level, disease-modifying therapy status, and depression. RESULTS: Baseline analyses showed a correlation between higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower Categorical Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (rho=-0.15; p = 0.04), lower Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) (rho=-0.16; p = 0.02) and lower Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) scores (rho=-0.12; p = 0.04). Higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively correlated with lower SDMT scores (rho=-0.16; p = 0.02) and lower Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 (PASAT-3) scores (rho=-0.24; p = 0.03). Mixed model analyses of repeated measures showed a negative association between higher LDL-C and lower CVLT (B=-0.02; p < 0.001, Cohen ́s d = 0.08) and lower BVMT-R (B=-0.01; p = 0.03, Cohen ́s d=-0.12). Also, the negative association between HDL-C and PASAT-3 was confirmed in the mixed model analysis (B=-0.18; p = 0.01, Cohen ́s d = 0.07). Additional adjustments of the models for disability assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale or Normalized Brain Volume did not change the results of the models substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a mild negative impact of dyslipidemia on cognitive performance in patients with MS. We propose that dyslipidemia contributes, at least in part, to cognitive decline in MS patients, independent of brain atrophy.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * etiologie   krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol * krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * krev   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

Exposures to social and environmental stressors arise individual behavioural response and thus indirectly affect cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate several social and environmental stressors and the paths of their influence on cardiometabolic health. The data of 2154 participants (aged 25-64 years) from the cross-sectional population-based study were analysed. The composite score of metabolic disorders (MS score) was calculated based on 5 biomarkers: waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides. The effects of social stressors (education level, income), environmental stressors (NO2, noise) and behavioural factors (unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviours) on MS score were assessed using a structural model. We observed a direct effect of education on MS score, as well as an indirect effect mediated via an unhealthy diet, smoking, and sedentary behaviours. We also observed a significant indirect effect of income via sedentary behaviours. The only environmental stressor predicting MS was noise, which also mediated the effect of education. In summary, the effect of social stressors on the development of cardiometabolic risk had a higher magnitude than the effect of the assessed environmental factors. Social stressors lead to an individual's unhealthy behaviour and might predispose individuals to higher levels of environmental stressors exposures.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to monitor changes in the components of the metabolic syndrome defined by Adult Treatment Panel III and the risk of adipose tissue. The study population consisted of 45 patients (30 women, 15 men) who underwent one bariatric procedure - partial jejuno-ileal derivation (n=17), sleeve resection (n=14) or laparoscopic gastric - plication (n=14). Components of metabolic syndrome such as waist circumference, morning glycemia/antihypertension, TAG, HDL cholesterol and blood pressure (BP)/antihypertension were monitored in probands. In addition, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorciometry measurements were performed. Parameters were monitored over the course of one year. The study shows that it is an effective method of weight reduction for the study population with metabolic effects in the risk components of metabolic syndrome - fasting glycemia, increase in HDL cholesterol and reduction in triacylglycerols in the blood, reduction in waist circumference and BP or direct disappearance of metabolic syndrome. Significantly, of the entire cohort, 68.9 % of the probands studied showed signs of metabolic syndrome when measured before the intervention. At the end of follow-up, only 22.2 % of probands showed metabolic syndrome. It was also found that if the amount of visceral fat was reduced, the overall risk of metabolic syndrome was also reduced. The study demonstrates a significant positive effect of bariatric surgery on parameters of metabolic syndrome. The study also showed a positive effect of reduced visceral fat volume on the components of metabolic syndrome.

• MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article sumarizes pathopysiological consequencies between obesity and dyslipidemia and aims to bring some practical approach. RECENT FINDINGS: Dyslipidemia is often present in individuals with obesity and simultaneusly, many obese individuals have lipid metabolism disorders. Especially the abdominal obesity increases the cardiometabolic risk because of the presence of atherogenic dyslipidemia while the total low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) may be normal. LDL-C is the primary goal in dyslipidemia treatment. Apoliprotein B (Apo B) and non - high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) should be estimated to precise the cardiovascular risk and represents the secondary goal in treatment. Weight loss either with diet or antiobestic medication induces the decrease in triglycerides (TG) and LDL-C and the increase in HDL-C. Composition of nutrients, esp. fatty acids, influences lipid levels. Bariatric surgery is efficient in weight loss and has a significant effect on serum lipids. Dyslipidemia and obesity present common diseases that must be managed to decrease the cardiovascular risk and the risk of obesity-related complications.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dyslipidemie * komplikace   MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny MeSH
• obezita * komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Roma population is one of the major ethnic groups in the Central and Eastern Europe, having high rates of chronic diseases and associated risk factors related to their poor social conditions, unhealthy lifestyle and low educational level. The purpose of our study was to assess the health status of Roma from South Bulgaria by means of blood indicators and determine the prevalence of some cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the Roma population sample. METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 Roma (23 men and 37 women), mean age 53.7 ± 15.9 years, and the control group consisted of 68 non-Roma from the majority population (29 men and 38 women), mean age 45.8 ± 12.2 years. The data were collected via questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and venous blood samples analyses after an overnight fasting. RESULTS: The Roma population subjects were slightly but significantly older compared to the non-Roma group and both study groups included more women. The fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in Roma compared to the control non-Roma group. The values of cardiovascular risk markers such as TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lipoprotein combine index (LCI) were significantly higher in Roma compared to non-Roma subjects. The prevalence of obesity in Roma was 35%, diabetes mellitus was recorded in 16.7% of the entire Roma sample, and hyperglycaemia in non-diabetics was recorded in 32%. Hypercholesterolaemia was found in 90% and hypertriglyceridaemia was found in 88.3%. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was high and was encountered in 71.7% of the Roma participants and most of the subjects (96.7%) reported family history of CVD. The studied population showed high smoking rates with 33.3% active smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed high prevalence of CV risk factors among Roma population, such as abnormal lipid profile parameters, obesity and heavy smoking and very high cardiovascular morbidity rate. Therefore, adequate measures and healthcare programmes aiming at the early identification, treatment and prevention of CVD risks among Roma are necessary.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bulharsko MeSH

This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on insulin resistance (IR), lipid profiles, anthropometric indices, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We searched 8 databases from their inception until 1st October, 2020. The effect sizes were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Subgroup analyses were undertaken for further identification of effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, based on the following aspects: (1) type of intervention (probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics); (2) study duration (≥ 12 weeks or < 12 weeks); (3) number of probiotic strains (multi strains or single strain); (4) probiotic dose (≥ 2 × 108 colony-forming units [CFU] or < 2 × 108 CFU). A total of 17 eligible RCTs with 1049 participants were included. Results showed that probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic intake decreased fasting plasma glucose (SMD, -1.35; 95% CI, -2.22 to -0.49; p = 0.002), fasting insulin (SMD, -0.68; 95% CI, -1.08 to -0.27; p = 0.001), homeostatic model of assessment for IR (SMD, -0.73; 95% CI, -1.15 to -0.31; p = 0.001), triglycerides (SMD, -0.85; 95% CI, -1.59 to -0.11; p = 0.024), total cholesterol (SMD, -1.09; 95% CI, -1.98 to -0.21; p = 0.015), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD, -0.84; 95% CI, -1.64 to -0.03; p = 0.041), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.70 to -0.18; p = 0.001), and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (SMD, 2.00; 95% CI, - 0.79 to 3.22; p = 0.001). However, probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplements did not affect anthropometric indices, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and CRP levels. Subgroup analysis showed that probiotic or prebiotic might be the optimal choice for ameliorating IR or lipid profiles, respectively. Additionally, the effect was positively related to courses and therapeutical dose. Overall, the meta-analysis demonstrates that probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic administration is an effective and safe intervention for modifying IR and lipid profiles.

• MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prebiotika MeSH
• probiotika * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• synbiotika * MeSH
• syndrom polycystických ovarií * metabolismus   MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH