- MeSH
- financování zdravotní péče * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
Health inequity refers to the existence of unnecessary and unfair differences in the ability of an individual or community to achieve optimal health and access appropriate care. Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, are the epitome of health inequity. Kidney disease risk and outcomes are strongly associated with inequities that occur across the entire clinical course of disease. Insufficient investment across the spectrum of kidney health and kidney care is a fundamental source of inequity. In addition, social and structural inequities, including inequities in access to primary health care, education and preventative strategies, are major risk factors for, and contribute to, poorer outcomes for individuals living with kidney diseases. Access to affordable kidney care is also highly inequitable, resulting in financial hardship and catastrophic health expenditure for the most vulnerable. Solutions to these injustices require leadership and political will. The nephrology community has an important role in advocacy and in identifying and implementing solutions to dismantle inequities that affect kidney health.
- MeSH
- dostupnost zdravotnických služeb * MeSH
- ledviny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin * MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- financování zdravotní péče MeSH
- kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- řízení veřejného zdraví * MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- katétry * ekonomika klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- opakované použití vybavení * ekonomika zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví klasifikace zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- úhrada zdravotního pojištění * MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
- zdravotní pojištění ekonomika MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- rozhovory MeSH
This analysis of the Czech health system reviews developments in governance, organization, financing and delivery of care, health reforms and health system performance. Czechs have enjoyed a statutory health insurance system with a high level of financial protection, a broad benefits package and universal membership for over 30 years. The central level of the state, mostly represented through the Ministry of Health and its subordinated bodies, takes on the various roles of legislator, steward and even owner of various providers of care, while also making insurance contributions for the sizeable part of the population classified as economically inactive. Health insurance funds are responsible for contracting sufficient care provision for their members. The Czech health system has traditionally derived a majority of its financing from public sources, which stood at 81.5% of current health expenditure in 2019, as the latest available year of reference, with the rest coming from private sources. While health spending in Czechia is below the European Union (EU) average, the densities of acute care beds and primary care physicians are above respective EU averages. Ageing and a lack of qualified staff (for example, nurses in hospitals) are already putting pressure on the Czech health workforce, a bottleneck further exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, Czechia has embarked on a reform process to modernize and centralize specialized tertiary care and psychiatric care. Patients enjoy free choice of primary and specialized outpatient providers, though there are signs that accessibility is limited in some regions and for some specialties. Overall, health outcomes in terms of life expectancy, mortality and survival rates of stroke and cancer have improved in recent years, though these improvements have been slower in Czechia than in other countries. However, life expectancy dropped considerably due to heightened mortality resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. There remains considerable room for improvement in strengthening disease prevention and health promotion, particularly for dietary habits and health literacy. Various efforts to advance evidence-based interventions in the health system, such as the initiation of health care quality monitoring and health system performance assessment, will assist in further analysing Czechia's health outcomes.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- reforma zdravotní péče MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
- zdravotní pojištění MeSH
- zdravotní politika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- financování zdravotní péče * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
- zdravotní pojištění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči * MeSH
- postoj ke zdraví * MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
