BACKGROUND: Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of a sexually transmitted disease in humans. The virulence of the parasite depends on multiple factors, including the presence of endosymbiotic dsRNA viruses. The presence of Trichomonasviruses (TVV) was associated with more severe genital symptoms, increased proinflammatory host reactions, and modulated parasite sensitivity to metronidazole. However, no efficient antiviral drugs are available against TVV to derive isogenic TVV-positive and TVV-negative cell lines that are essential for investigations of the TVV impact on T. vaginalis biology. METHODS: 7-Deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7d2CMA) and 2'-C-methylcytidine (2CMC) were used for TVV inhibitory assay. TVV replication was monitored using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT qPCR) and western blotting. Modeling of TVV1 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was performed to visualize the inhibitor-RdRp interaction. Susceptibility to metronidazole was performed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. RESULTS: We demonstrated that 2CMC but not 7d2CMA is a potent inhibitor of TVV replication. Molecular modeling suggested that the RdRp active site can accommodate 2CMC in the active triphosphate nucleotide form. The effect of 2CMC was shown on strains infected with a single and multiple TVV species. The optimal 2CMC concentration (10 μM) demonstrated strong selectivity for TVVs over trichomonad growth. The presence of TVV has no effect on T. vaginalis metronidazole susceptibility in derived isogenic cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: 2CMC acts against TVVs and represents a new inhibitor against Totiviridae viruses. Our isogenic clones are now available for further studies of various aspects of T. vaginalis biology related to TVV infection.

• MeSH
• antivirové látky farmakologie   MeSH
• cytidin farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metronidazol farmakologie   MeSH
• nukleosidy farmakologie   MeSH
• paraziti * MeSH
• RNA-dependentní RNA-polymerasa MeSH
• RNA-viry * genetika   MeSH
• Totiviridae * genetika   MeSH
• Trichomonas vaginalis * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pilus islet 1 (PI-1) and to determine its clade type in pneumococcal isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci - PNSP) and/or resistant to macrolides isolated prior to and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Clinical isolates of serotypes 9V (n = 68) and 19A (n = 89) were examined. Isolates were characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The presence of PI-1 was determined by screening for the sortase B, C, and D genes located within PI-1. In the presence of PI-1 pilus, clade types were classified by PCR. RESULTS: In the pre-PCV period (2000-2007), the prevalence of PNSP was 3.9% and 2.7% of isolates were resistant to erythromycin. During 2012-2015 (post-PCV period), the rates of PNSP remained stable (3.6%), but resistance to erythromycin increased to 8.3%. While in 2000-2007, resistance to antibiotics was associated mainly with serotype 9V, in 2012-2015, it was replaced by serotype 19A. PI-1 positive isolates were seen in both serotypes. All isolates (68) of serotype 9V belonged to the Spain9V-3 (CC156) clone and carried PI-1 of clade type I while 96.5% (56/58) of isolates of 19A serotype belonged to the Netherlands15B-37 (CC199) clone and carried PI-1 of clade type II. CONCLUSIONS: Both major antibiotic resistant clones carried PI-1, although they differ in the clade type. Thus the role of PI-1 should be evaluated in further studies and potentially considered in the spread of antibiotic resistant clones.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• erythromycin MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• peniciliny farmakologie   MeSH
• pneumokokové vakcíny MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rezistence na penicilin MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• Streptococcus pneumoniae účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

PURPOSE: To characterise and compare twenty-eight Finnish Clostridium difficile RT027-like isolates, selected based on the presence of 18 bp deletion in the tcdC gene and toxin gene profile (A, B, binary), with eleven RT027 isolates from different Finnish geographical areas and time periods. METHODS: Twenty-eight C. difficile RT027-like isolates and 11 RT027 comparative strains were characterised by capillary-electrophoresis (CE) ribotyping, multi-locus variable tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and sequencing of tcdC and gyrA gene fragments. Susceptibility to moxifloxacin was determined by E-test. RESULTS: Of 28 RT027-like isolates, seven RTs (016, 034, 075, 080, 153, 176 and 328), three WEBRIBO types (411, 475, AI-78) and three new profiles (F1-F3) were identified. MLVA revealed six clonal complexes (RTs 016, 027, 176 and F3). MLST showed eleven sequence types (1, 41, 47, 67, 95, 191,192, 223, 229, 264 and new ST). Twenty-two isolates (RTs 016, 080, 176, 328, F1, F2, F3 and WRTAI-78) carried Δ117 in the tcdC gene. Isolates of RTs 016, 027 and 176 were moxifloxacin resistant and harboured Thr82Ile in the GyrA. CONCLUSION: Our results show a high diversity within 28 Finnish RT027-like C. difficile isolates, with twelve CE-ribotyping profiles and eleven STs. MLVA revealed the regional spread of RTs 016, 027, 176 and F3. The presence of Δ117 in the tcdC gene in eight non-027 RTs highlights the importance of careful interpretation of the results from molecular systems targeting this site in the genome of C. difficile and the need of strain typing for epidemiological purposes.

• MeSH
• ADP-ribosatransferasy genetika   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny analýza   genetika   MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   MeSH
• DNA gyráza genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• enterotoxiny genetika   MeSH
• fluorochinolony farmakologie   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• klostridiové infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• minisatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• molekulární epidemiologie MeSH
• moxifloxacin MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace metody   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• represorové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• ribotypizace metody   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Finsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is a frequent causative agent of urinary tract infections, and increasing resistance of E. coli to antimicrobials presents a growing challenge. METHODS: Here we compare phenotypes of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers (n = 220) with a control group of sensitive strains (non-ESBL producers; n = 150). For each strain, we assessed the presence of O25 antigen, hemolysis, biofilm production, sensitivity to antibiotics, and biochemical profile. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, ESBL producers were more frequently O25 positive (6.0% vs. 42.3%) and less frequently hemolytic (34.7% vs. 6.4%). Comparison of biofilm production in brain-heart infusion (BHI) and in BHI with 4% glucose supplementation showed that ESBL-positive strains produced biofilm in BHI with glucose less intensely than the control group (p < 0.05). Most ESBL producers were ciprofloxacin-resistant (91.8%). Biochemical analyses revealed that ESBL producers more frequently utilized inositol, ornithine, sorbitol, melibiose, and saccharose, whereas the control group more frequently used esculin, lysine, arginine, and dulcitol. The control group strains with O25 antigen were more commonly resistant to ciprofloxacin (p < 0.05). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results showed higher variability among the control group of sensitive strains. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a potential to detect ESBL strains based on virulence factors and biochemical properties, which could be useful in shaping proper empiric antimicrobial therapy, and for initiating such therapy as soon as possible.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• beta-laktamasy sekrece   MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• buněčná stěna chemie   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Escherichia coli klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hemolýza MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• moč mikrobiologie   MeSH
• O-antigeny analýza   MeSH
• ornithin analýza   MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Recently, forkhead/winged-helix family box protein P3 (FOXP-3) was described as the main regulator of regulatory T cells' activity. This transcription factor has the ability to control the immunosuppressive response of regulatory T cells. FOXP-3 has binding sites for different genes specific for proteins with various important functions. In this article, selected FOXP-3-dependent genes with known functions were divided into two groups. The first group of genes has main immunoregulatory functions, and the second group has the ability to regulate apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Investigation of the functions of all FOXP-3-dependent genes opens perspectives for applications in different fields of basic and clinical research.

• MeSH
• apoptóza genetika   imunologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk genetika   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• syndrom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH