OBJECTIVES: Studies of schizophrenia endophenotypes may help clinicians better understand the etiopathogenesis and treatment of this mental disorder. The aim of the study was to determine if retinal arteriolar or venular abnormalities are an endophenotype of schizophrenia. DESIGN: We performed a one-time cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enlisted schizophrenic patients (n = 53) hospitalized in the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove; their mentally healthy first-degree relatives (n = 53); and unrelated, age- and sex-matched mentally healthy controls (n = 49). We recorded all participants´ sociodemographic and, if relevant, clinical variables. Retinal imaging was carried out using a digital fundus camera (FF450 + IR). Outcomes included retinal vessel calibers measured using the software application VAMPIRE. RESULTS: The study enrolled fifty-three schizophrenic patients (average age 32.1 years; males n = 38), an equal number of healthy relatives (average age 47.3 years; males n = 18), and forty-nine unrelated healthy controls (average age 32.2 years; males n = 35). Patients with schizophrenia had significantly increased retinal arteriolar diameters when compared to unrelated healthy controls (left eye p = 0.003; right eye p = 0.011) but not when compared to healthy relatives. The sizes of the retinal venules were not significantly different among the study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our cross-sectional findings do not support the notion that retinal microvascular anomalies are an endophenotype in schizophrenia. Longitudinal studies of this subject should be included in further research.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Although assessment of palliative patients' needs is a key issue in palliative care, a suitable instrument for identification of such needs is not available in Central European countries. Our objectives were to produce an adequate tool for identifying the importance and satisfaction of palliative patients' needs and to verify its psychometric properties. METHOD: The patient needs assessment in palliative care (PNAP) instrument was constructed based on a literature review and qualitative research (focus groups, n = 5). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were verified by a cross-sectional study. The convergent validity of the questionnaire was determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity were also tested. The qualitative research group comprised 30 participants (27 experts in palliative care, 1 patient, and 2 family members). Psychometric properties were evaluated in a group of 349 hospital inpatients terminally ill with chronic disease or cancer and receiving palliative care. RESULTS: Based on the qualitative data analysis, a questionnaire was constructed that contained 42 items grouped into 5 domains. When testing the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, a new model containing 40 items in 7 domains was produced. Cronbach's α for the entire PNAP questionnaire was 0.89 on the importance scale and 0.80 on the satisfaction scale. Test-retest reliability was higher than 0.7 for all domains in both scales. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: The results of tests on the psychometric properties of the PNAP questionnaire showed at least satisfactory validity and reliability, and it can be employed to assess the needs of palliative care patients in Central European countries.
- Klíčová slova
- Needs assessment, Palliative care, Patients,
- MeSH
- kvalita života * MeSH
- kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odhad potřeb normy MeSH
- paliativní péče metody normy MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychometrie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- zjišťování skupinových postojů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the study was to investigate the quality of life and the medicinal and social needs of patients hospitalized with schizophrenia in the Czech Republic to uncover potential issues in these areas. METHODS: Relevant self-evaluating questionnaires (SQUALA for quality of life; CANSAS for medicinal and social needs) were used in a cohort of hospitalized schizophrenic patients undergoing rehabilitation before discharge from the mental hospital. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-four patients (women N=115) aged 18-58 years were involved in the study. The quality of life of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia was subjectively assessed as universally worse in comparison with the general Czech population (p<0.05 in most cases; two-sample Student's t-test), but patients were not wholly critical of their own health status and overestimated its quality (arithmetic mean 63.79 in the patients vs the range of 45.5-59.8 as the norm in the general Czech population). Intimate relations, financial matters, treatment of psychotic symptoms, and sexual life were among the most pressing medicinal and social needs in our study subjects. CONCLUSION: The results of our study should stimulate psychiatric nurses in their effort not only to detect but also address the problems of schizophrenic patients concerning quality of life and unfulfilled needs. This can be done via education, guidance towards a healthy lifestyle, or providing patients with adequate exercise. Overall this issue is of significant importance in the Czech Republic due to the fact that legislative reform of mental health care emphasizing community care and psychiatric nursing has just been implemented.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hospitalizovaní pacienti psychologie MeSH
- kvalita života psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- schizofrenie terapie MeSH
- zdravotnické služby - potřeby a požadavky normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of teaching evidence-based practice in nursing. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to develop the instrument evaluating the students' perception of the effectiveness of EBP courses and to verify its psychometric properties. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to verify psychometric properties of the questionnaire measuring the students' perception of the effectiveness of EBP courses. PARTICIPANTS: The psychometric properties were evaluated in a group of 129 graduate nursing students who completed EBP courses. METHODS: The instrument for measuring the students' perception of the effectiveness of EBP courses was inspired by Kirkpatrick's evaluation model, which advocates evaluating interventions at four levels - reaction (satisfaction), learning, behavior change (transfer) and results (benefits). A web-based survey was used for data collection. Data was collected from the middle of January 2013 through the end of March 2013. RESULTS: A thirteen item instrument was developed for measuring the students' perception of the effectiveness of EBP courses. The internal consistency of the scale, based on standardized Cronbach's alpha, was .93. The results of factor analysis identified three factors of the instrument. The highest rated items on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) were 'implementation of EBP can improve clinical care' (mean 6.16), 'EBP instructors had a thorough knowledge of EBP' (6.13), 'EBP instructors were enthusiastic about teaching EBP' (5.65), and 'I can use my EBP knowledge and skills in my practice' (5.58). CONCLUSIONS: The results of testing of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire showed at least satisfactory validity and reliability. The majority of students perceived EBP courses as effective. The instrument may be used to assess the students' perception of the effectiveness of EBP courses.
- Klíčová slova
- Education, Evidence-based practice, Nurses, Perception, Skill,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ošetřovatelství - výzkum vyhodnocovací MeSH
- ošetřovatelství založené na důkazech výchova MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
- psychometrie normy MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- studenti ošetřovatelství psychologie MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství vysokoškolské * MeSH
- výuka - hodnocení metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: The prevailing recommendation for the elderly is to live in their own homes as long as conditions allow. With this emphasis on the natural living environment, it is imperative to closely monitor both the general health and nutritional needs of the elderly in community settings. AIM: The aim of the study was to compare three nutritional status screening and evaluation tools of the elderly in their homes. METHODS: Testing of measuring instruments, MNA, SGA, and MUST took place in the homes of 120 seniors in selected areas of the Czech and Slovak Republics. The study included 120 seniors. For testing of the relationships and dependencies, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t and Fisher tests were used. The level of statistical significance was α = 0.05. RESULTS: All tests were to a large degree correlated (p(MNA) = 0.0049; p(MUST) = -0.537; p(SGA) = -0.578) with the body mass index of the seniors. Simultaneously, it was confirmed that the tools for assessing nutritional status in the study showed significant differences regarding the classification of patients at risk of malnutrition and/or malnourished patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, we conclude that MNA appeared to be a more appropriate tool for nutritional assessment of the elderly living in their homes. SGA and MUST provided rather subjective evaluation of the nutritional status and did not furnish an in-depth categorization of malnutrition.
- MeSH
- hodnocení stavu výživy * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- služby domácí péče * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the survey was to identify the needs of mothers to infants hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) and second, to assess the level of parental support provided by the health personnel. METHODS: The sample consisted of 147 mothers to infants hospitalized in ICUs. The research was conducted over six months in ICUs for newborns at two hospitals in Ostrava. The study used two standardized questionnaires: The parental stressor questionnaire scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit which measures the degree of stress in parents of hospitalized infants and the questionnaire The Nurse Parent Support Tool which evaluates the level of parental support provided by nursing staff. RESULTS: The highest level of stress was identified in the parental role. Specifically, the inability to help the child remain separate from the mother, a feeling of helplessness and inability to protect the child from painful procedures and the inability to feed her baby. Mothers evaluated the support of nursing staff in most of these areas as high. Top were rated the ability of the caring staff to respond well to the questions of parents and the mother's willingness to engage in childcare. CONCLUSION: Intensive care units for the newborn obviously need to be family-centered care and at the same time they must be aware of all the factors that can be sources of stress for the parents.Only in this way can stress be eliminated with positive impact on the relationship between mother and child.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče o novorozence * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matky psychologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychický stres etiologie MeSH
- vztahy mezi matkou a dítětem MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIMS: The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of structured psychological intervention on the level of perceived pain in children undergoing venipuncture. A second goal was to investigate how pain behavior during venipuncture is affected by age, sex, previous number of venipunctures, the presence of parents during the procedure and reason for the venipuncture. METHODS: Children with indications for venipuncture aged 5-10 years, were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group was prepared for the venipuncture routinely. Children in the intervention group were prepared according to prior structured psychological consultation. Perceived pain levels were assessed by the CHEOPS scale and the self report Wong and Baker faces pain rating scale. RESULTS: A significant difference in evaluated pain between the intervention group and the control group was found. The psychological intervention carried out by a nurse proved to lower pain levels from venipuncture as measured by the CHEOPS scale and evaluated using the self-report scale. A greater level of pain was found in children in the age group 5-7 years, in children where peripheral venous catheter was introduced and in children where the parents were present. Special consultation with the child one day before venipuncture reduced pain levels, especially in children below the age-category mentioned. Consultation should be part of the standard of care for children with indications for venipuncture.
- MeSH
- bolest psychologie MeSH
- dětská psychologie * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- flebotomie škodlivé účinky psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- percepce * MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
