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The report is focused on the transformation process in pregraduate education of nurses in the Czech Republic. The all-society changes taking place in the last decades of the 20th century have opened the way for implementation of changes in the Czech nursing as well. Nursing is becoming an independent scientific discipline, the role of the nurses and their position in the society are changing and the professional preparation is gradually shifting to colleges and universities. After 15 years of effort to implement the planned transformation changes in nursing education, the Czech Republic's joining of the European Union has helped us. In connection with fulfillment of Bologna declaration, Master study in nursing has been gradually developing in education of nurses in the Czech Republic as well. In order to create a structured study in nursing according to the above mentioned declaration, a postgraduate doctor program must be implemented too. The implementation of all types of university education of nurses is very important and it will positively contribute to the development of nursing in our republic as a full-bodied scientific discipline and to the creation of its high-quality scientific-research base.
- MeSH
- kurikulum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství bakalářské trendy MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství vysokoškolské trendy MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The policy of the European co-operation in the new atmosphere of an international solidarity became one of the priorities of the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS). It could be hardly pursued more efficiently in any other field of neurological performance as in education. To review several aspects of neurological practice and education the 'First European Co-operation Neurology Workshop' was held in the castle of Trest', Czech Republic, 13-20 April 2000. Participants from 15 countries (Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic and Slovenia), covering a region of 316 million inhabitants and 25 000 neurologists, presented their national postgraduate education systems (besides other topics). We refer data on density of medical doctors and that of neurologists, pre-board certification phase, board examination, continuing medical education (CME), and qualification rewards. Illustrative data were put in the comparative tables. This first meeting has founded the basis for a dynamic future collaboration in order to continue the integration process and an exchange of current information regarding CME amongst central and eastern countries as well as western Europe.
- MeSH
- dostupnost zdravotnických služeb normy MeSH
- kontinuální vzdělávání lékařů normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurologie výchova MeSH
- oprávnění k praxi normy MeSH
- studium lékařství specializační postgraduální normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- konsensus - konference MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- východní Evropa MeSH
Currently, mobile learning is a new trend in medical education. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the use of m-learning in medical education and discuss its effect on student learning process in order to help future medical professionals deliver better care for patients and populations. This was done by conducting a literature search in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE, and consequently by evaluating the findings of the selected studies. The results of this study confirm that mobile learning is efficient, especially in the acquisition of new knowledge and skills. Nevertheless, so far, the role of mobile learning has been perceived as an appropriate complement to traditional learning. Therefore, more research should be conducted on the efficacy of the use mobile learning in medical education, as well as to explore the unique features of mobile devices for the enhancement of learning outcomes.
- Klíčová slova
- Education, Efficacy, Limitations, Medical students, Mobile learning,
- MeSH
- distanční studium * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- studenti lékařství MeSH
- studenti MeSH
- studium lékařství * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Despite efforts to improve undergraduate clinical pharmacology & therapeutics (CPT) education, prescribing errors are still made regularly. To improve CPT education and daily prescribing, it is crucial to understand how therapeutic reasoning works. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the therapeutic reasoning process. METHODS: A narrative literature review has been performed for literature on cognitive psychology and diagnostic and therapeutic reasoning. RESULTS: Based on these insights, The European Model of Therapeutic Reasoning has been developed, building upon earlier models and insights from cognitive psychology. In this model, it can be assumed that when a diagnosis is made, a primary, automatic response as to what to prescribe arises based on pattern recognition via therapy scripts (type 1 thinking). At some point, this response may be evaluated by the reflective mind (using metacognition). If it is found to be incorrect or incomplete, an alternative response must be formulated through a slower, more analytical and deliberative process, known as type 2 thinking. Metacognition monitors the reasoning process and helps a person to form new therapy scripts after they have chosen an effective therapy. Experienced physicians have more and richer therapy scripts, mostly based on experience and enabling conditions, instead of textbook knowledge, and therefore their type 1 response is more often correct. CONCLUSION: Because of the important role of metacognition in therapeutic reasoning, more attention should be paid to metacognition in CPT education. Both trainees and teachers should be aware of the possibility to monitor and influence these cognitive processes. Further research is required to investigate the applicability of these insights and the adaptability of educational approaches to therapeutic reasoning.
- Klíčová slova
- Clinical competency, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, Management reasoning, Medical decision making, Medical education, Therapeutic reasoning,
- MeSH
- farmakologie klinická výchova MeSH
- klinická rozvaha * MeSH
- klinické kompetence MeSH
- lékové předpisy normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- medikační omyly prevence a kontrola MeSH
- metakognice MeSH
- studium lékařství pregraduální MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to analyze the effectiveness of teaching healthcare professionals in perinatal palliative care, methods of evaluating the teaching, and the teaching strategies used. DESIGN: An integrative review. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted for English language peer reviewed publications of any research design via SCOPUS, Medline/PubMed, EBSCOhost, Science Direct, ERIC, Web of Science, Wiley, Nursing Ovid, and ProQuest databases. Fourteen research papers published between 2002 and 2017 that met the selection criteria were included in the review. FINDINGS: All 14 studies considered perinatal bereavement education to be effective. Eight studies reported statistical improvements in knowledge, security/comfort in providing end-of-life care, or increased perceptions of the emotional care needs of bereaved families, after attending an educational program. Questionnaires or interviews were used to evaluate the educational programs. Innovative teaching strategies, in particular, were evaluated positively (e.g., simulation, discussion, and arts-based methods). CONCLUSION: Perinatal palliative care education is essential in pregradual education for midwives and neonatal nurses. Other research is vital for finding out the effectiveness of this education for pregraduate nursing students. Perinatal palliative care education programs need to be available in postgraduate education for professionals who encounter perinatal death and bereaved families in hospital and community care.
- Klíčová slova
- Education, Health care professionals, Integrative review, Perinatal palliative care, Training,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ošetřovatelství novorozenců výchova MeSH
- paliativní péče metody MeSH
- studenti ošetřovatelství psychologie MeSH
- studium ošetřovatelství metody normy trendy MeSH
- ztráta blízké osoby MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Smoking education has been included in the curricula in all the medical faculties of the Czech Republic, although the scope of the education varies. At each of the faculties, a member of the staff has been appointed as co-ordinator of smoking education. These coordinators promote a sharing of experience and distribution of teaching materials. At the majority of faculties, obligatory workshops are held for all students to learn about smoking and smoking treatment within the framework of preventive medicine. In addition, selected students undertake selected studies on smoking and health as part of their research. At the Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, smoking education is included in the majority of theoretical and clinical subjects and its effectiveness is repeatedly assessed during the 6-year course study by testing the students' knowledge and smoking behaviour. The evaluation provides a basis for further modification and improvement of the education. Currently, a fundamental transformation of dental education is being undertaken in all medical faculties of the Czech Republic. These new curricula will benefit from the curriculum of the Medical Faculty, at Hradec Králové, where the changes that were made 5 years ago involve theoretical and practical education in the risks of smoking for oral health throughout the 5-year stomatology courses. Postgraduate medical education involves professional 2-day seminars for general practitioners on approaches to smoking cessation and smoking dependence treatment, and professional materials such as smoking cessation guidelines are published in medical and specialist journals.
- MeSH
- kurikulum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření MeSH
- postoj ke zdraví MeSH
- prevence kouření * MeSH
- školy lékařské * MeSH
- školy stomatologické * MeSH
- studium lékařství specializační postgraduální MeSH
- studium lékařství * MeSH
- studium stomatologie specializační postgraduální MeSH
- studium stomatologie * MeSH
- učební pomůcky MeSH
- vyučování metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This study proposes an approach to the external evaluation of medical education programs' quality based on a combination of indicators, including international rankings, external stakeholders' input, and independent agencies' assessments. We modify the success equation with a detailed consideration of the skill component and its decomposition into internal and external quality assurance elements along with authority. We carried out a bibliometric analysis regarding the problem of medical education quality assessment in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. We described the calculation model of external quality assessment indicators through the algorithms of independent education quality assurance agencies' activity and rating indicators shown in the modified Mauboussin's equation. The model considers the economic component (the consequence of achievement) of skill, which is expressed in raising funds from external sources to implement educational and scientific activities. The proposed algorithm for assessing the educational program quality can be applied to benchmark educational program components, complete educational programs within the subject area, and the educational institution for different areas. We propose a "financial" model for educational program quality based on the analysis results. The model makes it possible to determine the need for additional focused funding of the educational program based on the individual analysis of the external evaluation criteria of the achievement level. This study analyzes the accreditation results of more than 110 educational programs in 2020 and 8 months of 2021 within the direction 22 "Medicine" (according to the national classification of fields of knowledge) (state and private Ukrainian medical universities).
- Klíčová slova
- EDUCATION, MEDICAL *,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- studium lékařství * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This short review sets out some general facts and features concerning the development of continuing medical education (CME) in Europe. The review is intended as a basis for proposing plans and action for CME in the future. Europe, as it happens, was the birthplace and cradle of both scientifically based medical education in general and CME in particular. Three stages of development are distinguished: (1) Development of CME from the 19th century up to the beginning of the Second World War; (2) After 1945; (3) CME in the present.
- Klíčová slova
- HEALTH EDUCATION *,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zdravotní výchova * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
