The introduction of personalized medicine (PM) has been a milestone in the history of medical therapy, because it has revolutionized the previous approach of treating the disease with that of treating the patient. It is known today that diseases can occur in different genetic variants, making specific treatments of proven efficacy necessary for a given endotype. Allergic diseases are particularly suitable for PM, because they meet the therapeutic success requirements, including a known molecular mechanism of the disease, a diagnostic tool for such disease, and a treatment blocking the mechanism. The stakes of PM in allergic patients are molecular diagnostics, to detect specific IgE to single-allergen molecules and to distinguish the causative molecules from those merely cross-reactive, pursuit of patient's treatable traits addressing genetic, phenotypic, and psychosocial features, and omics, such as proteomics, epi-genomics, metabolomics, and breathomics, to forecast patient's responsiveness to therapies, to detect biomarker and mediators, and to verify the disease control. This new approach has already improved the precision of allergy diagnosis and is likely to significantly increase, through the higher performance achieved with the personalized treatment, the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy by enhancing its already known and unique characteristics of treatment that acts on the causes.

• Klíčová slova
• allergen immunotherapy, molecular diagnosis, omics, personalized medicine, treatable traits,
• MeSH
• alergeny MeSH
• alergie * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• desenzibilizace imunologická MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• individualizovaná medicína * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a proven therapeutic option for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Many guidelines or national practice guidelines have been produced but the evidence-based method varies, many are complex and none propose care pathways. This paper reviews care pathways for AIT using strict criteria and provides simple recommendations that can be used by all stakeholders including healthcare professionals. The decision to prescribe AIT for the patient should be individualized and based on the relevance of the allergens, the persistence of symptoms despite appropriate medications according to guidelines as well as the availability of good-quality and efficacious extracts. Allergen extracts cannot be regarded as generics. Immunotherapy is selected by specialists for stratified patients. There are no currently available validated biomarkers that can predict AIT success. In adolescents and adults, AIT should be reserved for patients with moderate/severe rhinitis or for those with moderate asthma who, despite appropriate pharmacotherapy and adherence, continue to exhibit exacerbations that appear to be related to allergen exposure, except in some specific cases. Immunotherapy may be even more advantageous in patients with multimorbidity. In children, AIT may prevent asthma onset in patients with rhinitis. mHealth tools are promising for the stratification and follow-up of patients.

• Klíčová slova
• allergen immunotherapy, asthma, children, mHealth, rhinitis, stratification,
• MeSH
• alergeny aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• alergická rýma epidemiologie   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• bronchiální astma epidemiologie   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• desenzibilizace imunologická * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• individualizovaná medicína metody   MeSH
• klinické rozhodování MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• kritické cesty * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management nemoci MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH