Microplastic (MPs) pollution is a global concern that affects all environments. Rivers have been identified as a major transport route for MPs from land to oceans. In this context, we evaluated the MP contribution from the Biobío River, one of the most important rivers in Chile, to the ocean. MPs were collected from superficial water throughout the entire Biobío River basin (and its tributaries) during the summer and winter of 2022. The samples were physically (color, size, and shape) and chemically (polymeric composition) analyzed using a microscope, a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and a micro-FTIR. Results showed evident seasonal variations, with a significant increase (∼20 times average) in microplastic concentration (particles/day) in winter (7 × 105-1x108) compared to summer (4 × 103-7x105). Fibers were the dominant morphology with polyethylene terephthalate (PET; 20-40 %) and polypropylene (PP; 20-50 %) as the most abundant polymers. The river downstream showed the highest sample particle diversity (e.g., size, color, and polymeric composition). The river's behavior suggests a main role as a "Reservoir", corresponding to ∼40-50 % retention of microplastic in the midstream of the Biobío River. Furthermore, a preliminary evaluation using the OpenDrift model, indicated that particles coming from the Biobío River were mainly stranded on the Gulf of Arauco coast (≈100 %), suggesting a potential accumulation zone. This study contributes crucial information to understanding the behavior of plastic pollution in freshwater courses and its likely impacts on the coastal environments.
- Klíčová slova
- Chilean coast, OpenDrift, Particle trajectory, Plastic pollution, River tributaries, Synthetic fibers,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- mikroplasty * analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * metody MeSH
- oceány a moře MeSH
- plastické hmoty analýza MeSH
- řeky * chemie MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chile MeSH
- oceány a moře MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- mikroplasty * MeSH
- plastické hmoty MeSH
Air-sea exchange of POPs and PAHs was assessed in Concepción Bay during January, summer 2015. Results showed low levels, in air and water, for POPs (1-20 pg m-3, and 6-50 pg L-1, respectively) and for ΣPAHs (1-2 ng m-3 and 1-2 ng L-1, respectively). The highest levels were found for PBDEs (200-20,000 pg L-1) in the water samples (3-fold times higher than PCBs and OCP) and PBDE209 accounted for 90% of total ΣPBDEs. Air-sea exchange fluxes (ng m-2 d-1) were low in general, with exception of PBDEs showing values up to 40,000 ng m-2 d-1. Net deposition was found for PAHs, HCB and some PBDEs; while, BDE99, and BDE100 showed net volatilization. These findings contribute with new data of diffusive air-sea exchange on the southern hemisphere Pacific coast.
- Klíčová slova
- Air-sea exchange, Chile, Concepción Bay, PAHs, POPs, Upwelling,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- zátoky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chile MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in abiotic samples from Concepción Bay in Central Chile. Samples were soxhlet extracted and injected in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) showed the highest levels in air (3-1100 pg m-3), in water (2-64 pg L-1), in sediment, and soil (1-78 ng g-1 (dw)). PAHs were also high in the air (1-6 ng m-3), in water (1-7 ng L-1), in sediment (90-300 ng g-1 (dw)), and in soil (15-2300 ng g-1 (dw)). The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally low and did not show clear trends along the water column, with exception of PAHs. New data are presented in this work to assess the health status of a relevant coastal area in central Chile.
- Klíčová slova
- Abiotic matrices, Chile, Concepción Bay, Ocean pollution, Persistent Organic Pollutants, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, tsunami,
- MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * analýza MeSH
- tsunami MeSH
- zátoky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chile MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * MeSH
PBDEs (10 congeners) were analyzed using GC-MS in superficial sediments and organisms of the Concepción Bay after the 2010 Tsunami. From all congeners analyzed PBDE-47, -99, -100 and -209 were the most frequently detected. Concentrations (ngg(-1) d.w.) in sediments for ΣPBDE-47, -99, -100 were low (0.02-0.09). However, PBDE-209 showed significantly higher values ∼20ngg(-1) d.w. This result were ∼10 times lower than those reported in a previous study of the 2010 Tsunami. The high result might be influenced by the massive urban debris dragged by the 2010 Tsunami. In organisms, concentrations of PBDE-47, -99, -100 (∼0.4ngg(-1) d.w.) were higher than those found in sediments (∼0.04ngg(-1) d.w.). Differences in PBDE pattern were also observed between different levels of the trophic food chain (primary and secondary consumers). This is the first attempt to assess the current status of Concepción Bay after the 2010 Tsunami.
- Klíčová slova
- 2010 Tsunami, Concepción Bay, Food chain, PBDE-209, Sediments,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- tsunami * MeSH
- zátoky chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chile MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether MeSH Prohlížeč
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery MeSH
