More than 85% of the population in Cambodia is strongly dependent on agriculture, of which freshwater aquaculture is one of the most important sources of food production. The smoked fish represents an important source of nutrients for Cambodian population; however, it can also lead to excessive intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A field survey was conducted among selected smoked fish producers near to Tonle Sap river in Kampong Chhnang province, Cambodia. The study revealed that maximal limits for benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of four PAHs given by EC 1881/2006 were exceeded 2-50 times. Such burden can lead to increased risk of development of carcinogenic diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• Cambodia, PAH, Smoked fish, Tonle Sap, aquaculture,
• MeSH
• benzopyren MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• kouř * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzopyren MeSH
• kouř * MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has long been known that airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can negatively affect pregnancy and birth outcomes, such as birth weight, fetal development, and placental growth factors. However, similar studies yield divergent results. Our goal was to estimate the amount of monohydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) metabolites in the urine of pregnant women/mothers and their newborns in relation to birth outcomes, such as placenta weight, Apgar 5', and the growth parameters of children up to the age of two. METHODS: Two cohorts of children born in 2013 and 2014 during the summer and winter seasons in the Czech Republic in the cities Karviná (N = 144) and České Budějovice (N = 198), which differ significantly in the level of air pollution, were studied. PAH exposure was assessed by the concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in the air and the concentration of 11 OH-PAH metabolites in the urine of newborns and mothers. Growth parameters and birth outcomes were obtained from medical questionnaires after birth and from pediatric questionnaires during the following 24 months of the child's life. RESULTS: Concentrations of B[a]P were significantly higher in Karviná (p < 0.001). OH-PAH metabolites were significantly higher in the mothers' as well as in the newborns' urine in Karviná and during the winter season. Neonatal length was shorter in newborns in Karviná (p < 0.001), but this difference evened out during the next 3 to 24 months. Compared to České Budějovice, newborns in Karviná showed significantly lower weight gain between birth and three months after delivery. The OH-PAH metabolites in mothers' or newborns' urine did not affect birth weight. The presence of seven OH-PAH (top 25% of values of concentrations higher than the median) metabolites in the newborns' urine is associated with decreased length of newborn. Nine OH-PAH metabolites decreased placenta weight, which was the most significant, while seven OH-PAH metabolites decreased Apgar 5'. CONCLUSION: We have shown a possible connection between higher concentration of OH-PAH metabolites in newborns' urine and decreased length, head circumference, placenta weight, and Apgar 5', but not birth weight.

• Klíčová slova
• Birth length, Birth weight, Growth parameters, Head circumference, Monohydroxylated PAH metabolites, Placenta weight, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• placenta MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * MeSH

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted from 30 samples (24 soils and 6 stream sediments) collected in El-Tabbin area in the southern part of Greater Cairo, Egypt. Isopleth maps of PAHs clarified the regional variability and identified the most affected regions in the area suffering from high pollution. The total PAH concentrations were 53.4-5558.0 ng g(-1) in the sample extracts. The highest values were found in a soil sample near a coke factory, with the highest concentration of single PAHs, which were 1064.8 ng g(-1) of fluoranthene and 1286.4 ng g(-1) of phenanthrene. The calculated ratios and indexes allowed to elucidate origin of the organic compounds and to identify emission sources. The overall molecular patterns are signatures of pyrolysis of fossil fuels and biomass. Petrogenic contamination was recognised in the sediment samples due to petroleum products deliveries from ships. Also perylene was prominent especially in samples of the River Nile sediments as a diagenetic product of fungi. Other detailed information on petrogenic sources was provided by analysis of alkanes and calculation of alkane ratios.

• Klíčová slova
• Contamination, Egypt, El-Tabbin area, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Sediment, Soil,
• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• geologické sedimenty chemie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• znečištění ropou MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Egypt MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• půda MeSH

Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) was used in the extraction of three ketones of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the sample of a soil highly contaminated with polycyclic polyaromatic compounds. The choice of solvent was the only factor that considerably influenced the extraction efficiency of PLE under the conditions recommended in Method 3545A promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The dichloromethane-ethanol solvent mixture was found to be the most efficient solvent. PLE using this mixture provided better recoveries of all analysed ketones relative to Soxhlet extraction.

• MeSH
• ketony izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky chemie   MeSH
• půda analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ketony MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• půda MeSH

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) represent genotoxic factors that commonly occur in the living and working environment. The dermal form of exposure represents a significant part of the total load of dangerous chemical and physical environmental factors to which an organism is subjected. However, simultaneous dermal exposures to PAHs (pharmaceutical crude coal tar [CCT]) and UV (UVA and UVB) also have therapeutic uses. A typical example is Goeckerman therapy (GT) for psoriasis. The question of the therapeutic efficacy of GT and the related level of genotoxic danger is still under discussion. The aim of the present study was to compare four GT variants (G1-G4) in terms of efficacy and acceptable genotoxic hazard. Efficacy was expressed by the psoriasis area of severity index (PASI) score, genotoxic hazard by chromosomal aberration in peripheral lymphocytes. The lowest risk of genotoxic hazard and the lowest efficiency was observed in G1 variant (3% of the CCT and UVA + UVB). The efficacy of G2 (4% CCT and UVA + UVB), G3 (4% CCT and UVB), and G4 variants (5% CCT and UVA + UVB) was comparable. The highest risk of genotoxic hazard was found in the G3 variant. In the terms of sufficient efficacy and acceptable genotoxic hazard, a combination of 4% or 5% of CCT and UVA and UVB seems to be acceptable (variants G2 and G4).

• Klíčová slova
• Goeckerman therapy, genotoxic hazard, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, psoriasis, ultraviolet radiation,
• MeSH
• chromozomální aberace MeSH
• dehet uhelný terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky toxicita   MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• psoriáza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dehet uhelný MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH

The use of biological indicators of environmental quality is an alternative method of monitoring ecosystem pollution. Various groups of contaminants, including organic ones, can be measured in environmental samples. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have not yet been determined by the moss bag technique. This technique uses several moss species simultaneously in urban areas to select the best biomonitoring of these compounds, which are dangerous to humans and the environment. In this research, a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the determination of selected PAHs in three species of mosses: Pleurozium schreberi, Sphagnum fallax and Dicranum polysetum (active biomonitoring) and for comparison using an air filter reference method for atmospheric aerosol monitoring. The chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII) was also measured to assess changes in moss viability during the study. As a result of the study, the selective accumulation of selected PAHs by mosses was found, with Pleurozium schreberi being the best bioindicator-9 out of 13 PAHs compounds were determined in this species. The photosynthetic yield of photosystem (II) decreased by 81% during the exposure time. The relationship between PAHs concentrations in mosses and the total suspended particles (TSP) on the filter indicated the possibility of using this bioindicator to trace PAHs in urban areas and to apply the moss bag technique as a method supporting classical instrumental air monitoring.

• Klíčová slova
• bioindicator, moss bag technique, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
• MeSH
• aerosoly analýza   MeSH
• atmosféra chemie   MeSH
• biologický monitoring * MeSH
• Bryophyta chemie   MeSH
• filtrace MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aerosoly MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH

This article is directed to determining concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are sorbed to solid particles in the air. Pollution sources were identified on the basis of the ratio of benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiPe) to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Because various important information is lost by determining the simple ratio of concentrations, least squares linear regression (classic ordinary least squares regression), reduced major axis, orthogonal regression, and Kendall-Theil robust diagnostics were utilized for identification. Statistical evaluation using all aforementioned methods demonstrated different ratios of the monitored PAHs in the intervals examined during warmer and colder periods. Analogous outputs were provided by comparing gradients of the emission factors acquired from the measured concentrations of BghiPe and BaP in motor vehicle exhaust gases. Based on these outputs, it was possible plausibly to state that the influence of burning organic fuels in heating stoves is prevalent in colder periods whereas in warmer periods transport was the exclusive source because other sources of PAH emissions were not found in the examined locations.

• Klíčová slova
• Air pollution, Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[ghi]perylene, Pollution sources, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Regression, Transport,
• MeSH
• benzopyren analýza   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• metoda nejmenších čtverců MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• perylen analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• urbanizace MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1,12-benzoperylene MeSH Prohlížeč
• benzopyren MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• perylen MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel MeSH

1 Objectives of this study were (1) to compare concentrations of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in air of polluted and nonpolluted area of Czech Republic during winter and summer periods and (2) to verify if urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), as supposed practical biological marker, permits the assessment of spacial and temporal variations in environmental PAH exposure. 2 The study population consisted of three groups: (1) a group of 22 physical exercise students who regularly train outside, from the university situated in a polluted town, spending 14 days in winter and 14 days in summer in 'non-polluted' mountains; (2) a control group of 22 residents from the town and (3) a control group of 18 residents from the mountains. 3 The total PAH concentrations (sum of 13 individual PAH) were 19.3 and 104.6 ng/m3 in town and in mountains, respectively, during summer and 86.6 and 261 ng/m3 during winter. 4 Median 1-OHP levels ranged between 0.03 and 0.13 mumol/mol creatinine for controls and between 0.04 and 0.12 mumol/mol creatinine for students. No relationship was found between pyrene levels in air and group means of urinary 1-OHP. Our results show that other factors (probably PAH in food) contribute in masking air pollution influence on urinary 1-OHP levels in subjects non-occupationally exposed to PAH.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   moč   MeSH
• pyreny analýza   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-hydroxypyrene MeSH Prohlížeč
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• pyreny MeSH

The feasibility of decontaminating creosote-treated wood (CTW) by co-composting with agricultural wastes was investigated using two bulking agents, grass cuttings (GC) and broiler litter (BL), each employed at a 1:1 ratio with the matrix. The initial concentration of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in CTW (26,500 mg kg(-1)) was reduced to 3 and 19% after 240 d in GC and BL compost, respectively. PAH degradation exceeded the predicted bioaccesible threshold, estimated through sequential supercritical CO2 extraction, together with significant detoxification, assessed by contact tests using Vibrio fisheri and Hordeum vulgare. GC composting was characterized by high microbial biomass growth in the early phases, as suggested by phospholipid fatty acid analyses. Based on the 454-pyrosequencing results, fungi (mostly Saccharomycetales) constituted an important portion of the microbial community, and bacteria were characterized by rapid shifts (from Firmicutes (Bacilli) and Actinobacteria to Proteobacteria). However, during BL composting, larger amounts of prokaryotic and eukaryotic PLFA markers were observed during the cooling and maturation phases, which were dominated by Proteobacteria and fungi belonging to the Ascomycota and those putatively related to the Glomeromycota. This work reports the first in-depth analysis of the chemical and microbiological processes that occur during the co-composting of a PAH-contaminated matrix.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioavailability, Bioremediation, Composting, Microbial community, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• DNA fungální genetika   MeSH
• dřevo * MeSH
• houby klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kreosot * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• nakládání s odpady metody   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky metabolismus   MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• DNA fungální MeSH
• kreosot * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

A non-enzymic system containing CuSO4 (10 mmol/L) and hydrogen peroxide (100 mmol/L) was used for the degradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene (all at 10 mmol/L). The system degraded the compounds rapidly and efficiently. After 1 d at room temperature, more than 80% of pyrene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene disappeared. Several products are formed during the reaction including a black precipitate.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• fenantreny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• fluoreny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí metabolismus   MeSH
• měď chemie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• peroxid vodíku chemie   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• pyreny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• volné radikály chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fenantreny MeSH
• fluoranthene MeSH Prohlížeč
• fluoreny MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• měď MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• phenanthrene MeSH Prohlížeč
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
• pyrene MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyreny MeSH
• volné radikály MeSH