Dill (Anethum graveolens), an annual species, was used to study the impact of metallic pollution potentially spreading from the nickel smelter dump in Dolná Streda (Slovakia) by monitoring 55 elements. Despite the proximity of this dump (1 km), only soil Ni (54.8 mg/kg) or Pb (47.3 mg/kg), but not Cr, Mn, Fe or Co (main elements of the dump's sludge) was elevated in given garden soil compared to two control sites. Mainly flowers and/or leaves contained significantly higher amounts of Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, As, Sb, Sn, V, W, and some rare earth elements at the site close to the dump. Correlation between elements in organs and soil was significant mainly in stem or root but the bioaccumulation factor was typically low (<0.02) for most elements. A positive finding was that the 2022/2024 comparison revealed a decline in most elements in dill leaves, even at the dump site, which may reflect a decrease in the content of air PM particles. Soluble phenols were less accumulated in plants close to the nickel smelter dump, but flavonols showed the opposite trend, and free amino acids were positively correlated with many elements in the stem and root. An evaluation of commercial dill samples revealed variability (e.g., up to 0.7 mg Cd/kg dry weight) but subsequent NCA and PCA analyses clearly separated the dump locality from other samples. However, significant differences in the content of Cd, Ni, Pb, As, and other elements encourage precise control of commercially available dill dry matter.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioaccumulation, Heavy metals, Plant metabolites, Soil pollution, Spice,
- MeSH
- kovy * analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * analýza metabolismus MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kovy * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- půda MeSH
- těžké kovy MeSH
Phytoremediation is a plant-driven process, widely regarded as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly in situ approach for remediating contaminated soil and water by taking up contaminants including potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In the last two decades, substantial research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms of phytoremediation and enhancing its efficiency, primarily through the identification of optimal plant species and the use of various amendments. Nevertheless, real-scale application of phytoremediation remains rare, and several critical questions need to be addressed, including selection of most effective species, improved effectiveness of phytoremediation process, and managing the safe utilisation of contaminated biomass. This review specifically focuses on phytoremediation of potentially toxic metals and metalloids in major metallophyte groups (wild herbaceous species, trees, and agricultural crops) recognizing the most efficient species for the anthropogenically influenced soils in Europe. It summarises the current state of knowledge regarding the use of respective plant species, highlighting the phytoremediation efficiency, critically examining existing and novel phytoremediation enhancement strategies and biomass utilisation pathways for each particular group. Future perspectives and research needed to refine the efficiency and economic viability of the phytoremediation process in Europe lay in better recognition of underlying physiological mechanism for metal stress tolerance, particularly among the most effective species and genera, application of synergistic enhancing techniques for delineated group of metallophytes and development of sustainable and cost-effective biomass utilisation routes.
- Klíčová slova
- Contaminated biomass utilisation, Hyperaccumulation, Metalloids, Metallophytes, Phytoremediation, Potentially toxic elements,
- MeSH
- biodegradace * MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- kovy * metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kovy * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- půda MeSH
The recovery of the soil ecosystem after severe disturbances, such as coal-mining activities, depends on both abiotic and biotic improvements. This study assessed the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal consortia on microbial community dynamics across two stages of soil recovery - 2 years (2Y) and 15 years (15Y) post-disturbance - using a secondary succession forest (SSR) as a reference. We analyzed bacterial community composition via 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and evaluated key soil quality indicators. While inoculation with AM fungal consortia had minimal effects on most soil parameters, significant differences were observed between recovery stages. The 15Y recovery site exhibited improved soil structure, microbial activity, and aggregate stability compared to the 2Y site, highlighting the importance of long-term restoration. However, potential overlap in ecological roles among native microorganisms likely mitigates the impact of AMF inoculation. These findings suggest that AM fungal consortia alone may not drive immediate improvements in soil quality but can contribute to microbial interactions and recovery processes over time. This study highlights the complexity of soil restoration and emphasizes the need for strategies that integrate plant cover with microbial community development to enhance long-term ecosystem stability. Further research should explore the specific roles of AM fungi and native soil microbes in promoting soil structure and accelerating recovery.
- Klíčová slova
- AM fungal consortia, Combined inoculation, Glomeromycota, Microbiome, Simplified community,
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- těžba uhlí MeSH
- uhlí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- půda MeSH
- uhlí MeSH
Management of nutrients under changing climatic conditions has become a major challenge in agriculture, affecting nutrient availability, plant uptake, and overall crop productivity. Optimizing fertilization strategies, particularly through balanced fertilizer applications, is crucial to enhancing nutrient use efficiency and ensuring sustainable crop yields under these dynamic environmental conditions. This study contributes to improving nitrogen management strategies for wheat in calcareous soils by evaluating different nitrate and ammonium ratios, offering insights for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency and yield optimization. The treatments included: T1 = DAP-Urea (100% N as NH4+), T2 = DAP-CAN (29% N as NH4+ and 71% N as NO3-), T3 = NP-Urea (32% N as NH4+ and 68% N as NO3-), and T4 = NP-CAN (100% N as NO3-). Results showed that N uptake varied with NH4+/NO3- ratios in the fertilizer combinations. Wheat supplied with 100% N as NO3- (NP-CAN) had higher N, P, and K use efficiencies compared to plants with 100% N as NH4+ (DAP-Urea). Plants with 100% N as NO3- had higher INR, NACE, NARE, and NAUE (77%, 43%, 83%, 24 kg kg- 1) compared to those with 100% N as NH4+ (67%, 26%, 29%, 18 kg kg- 1). FUTE decreased to 33% (NP-CAN) from 40% (DAP-Urea), while NPUE dropped to 29 g g- 1 (NP-CAN) from 67 g g- 1 (DAP-Urea). The fertilizer stress factor increased from 60% (DAP-Urea) to 67% (NP-CAN). Similar trends were observed in P and K use efficiency. Plants with higher agronomic parameters and grain yield per hectare also showed improvements in PUE and KUE. Economic analysis indicated that nitrate-based NP combinations generated 13-42% more net income and 3-12% higher BCR compared to DAP-Urea. The VCR (3.13 to 5.04) suggests that nitrate-based combinations are economically viable for farmers.
- Klíčová slova
- N efficient use, NH4 +/NO3 −, Nitrogen use efficiency, Wheat,
- MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- dusík * metabolismus MeSH
- fosfor * metabolismus MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva * analýza MeSH
- pšenice * růst a vývoj metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- zemědělství metody MeSH
- živiny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusičnany MeSH
- dusík * MeSH
- fosfor * MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
- půda MeSH
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) is a promising alternative to persistent conventional plastics, capable of biodegrading within months. However, its microbial-driven degradation raises concerns about nutrient immobilization and impacts on plant growth. The biodegradation process occurs in multiple stages, during which shifts in the microbial community can alter soil properties and influence utilization of both intrinsic and polymer-derived organic matter. This study employs a novel approach to investigate how nutrient dynamics during the late stage of P3HB biodegradation affect lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata cv. Brilliant) growth. Soil-to-sand mixtures (100_0, 80_20, 60_40, 40_60, 20_80, and 0_100 ratios) were spiked with P3HB, allowed to biodegrade for eight weeks, and then planted with sprouted lettuce seeds, which were cultivated for another eight weeks. P3HB addition inhibited plant growth and root development in all soil-sand mixtures. However, increasing the sand proportion enhanced plants' nitrogen content by 13-45 % compared to 100 % soil + P3HB. Depending on the sand-to-soil ratio, P3HB stimulated most enzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition. Basal and substrate-induced respirations were 9-209 % higher under P3HB addition compared to P3HB-free soil, likely due to an increase in the stabilized soil organic matter fraction. Residual P3HB analysis revealed that diluting soil with 20 % sand accelerated biodegradation, despite a decrease in bacterial abundance. In the 80_20 variant, the microbial community shifted toward higher fungal abundance, 19 % more than in 100_0 soil. While microbial proliferation was observed, it effect was outweighed by negative impacts on dry aboveground and root biomass. The highest P3HB biodegradation rate occurred in the 80_20 variant, underscoring soil texture as a critical factor in P3HB biodegradation. While microbial communities can degrade bioplastics, this process may compromise plant nutrient availability and hinder plant growth.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioplastics, Nutrient acquisition, Plant growth reduction, Soil microbes, Soil texture,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- hydroxybutyráty * metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * metabolismus MeSH
- polyestery * metabolismus MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- salát (hlávkový) * růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- živiny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík MeSH
- hydroxybutyráty * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate MeSH Prohlížeč
- polyestery * MeSH
- polyhydroxybutyráty MeSH
- půda * MeSH
Controlled experiments suggest that the seasonal build-up of nitrogen (N) limitation constrains the responses of forest autumn phenology to elevated temperatures. Therefore, rising soil N is expected to increase the delaying effects of elevated temperature on the end of the season, i.e., leaf senescence. However, the interactive effects of temperature, soil N, and aridity on xylem autumn phenology remain unknown. We conducted a wide spatial analysis from 75 conifer sites in the Northern Hemisphere and found that rising soil N increases the delaying effects of elevated temperature on the end of xylem cell wall thickening but reduced the delaying effects on the cessation of cell enlargement, especially in humid regions. The contrasting effects of elevated soil N on cell enlargement versus cell wall thickening could affect xylem cell anatomy, thereby induce changes in wood density, and induce a decoupling of stem size growth from photosynthate production. These analyses extend previous findings on forest autumn phenology by systematically investigating the spatial variation in the interactive effects of temperature and soil N on xylem autumn phenology at the cellular scale.
- Klíčová slova
- autumn phenology, soil moisture, stem growth, wood formation, xylogenesis,
- MeSH
- aklimatizace * fyziologie MeSH
- cévnaté rostliny * růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- dusík * metabolismus MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- xylém * růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík * MeSH
- půda * MeSH
A novel entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Steinernema tarimense n. sp., was isolated from soil samples collected in a Populus euphratica forest located in Yuli County within the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China. Integrated morphological and molecular analyses consistently place S. tarimense n. sp. within the 'kushidai-clade'. The infective juvenile (IJ) of new species is characterized by a body length of 674-1010 μm, excretory pore located 53-80 μm from anterior end, nerve ring positioned 85-131 μm from anterior end, pharynx base situated 111-162 μm from anterior end, a tail length of 41-56 μm, and the ratios D% = 42.0-66.6, E% = 116.2-184.4, and H% = 25.5-45.1. The first-generation male of the new species is characterized by a curved spicule length of 61-89 μm, gubernaculum length of 41-58 μm, and ratios D% = 36.8-66.2, SW% = 117.0-206.1, and GS% = 54.8-82.0. Additionally, the tail of first-generation female is conoid with a minute mucron. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, 28S, and mt12S sequences demonstrated that the three isolates of S. tarimense n. sp. are conspecific and form a sister clade to members of the 'kushidai-clade' including S. akhursti, S. anantnagense, S. kushidai, and S. populi. Notably, the IJs of the new species exhibited faster development at 25°C compared to other Steinernema species. This represents the first described of an indigenous EPN species from Xinjiang, suggesting its potential as a novel biocontrol agent against local pests.
- Klíčová slova
- Populus euphratica forest, Steinernema species, Tarim Basin, morphological description, phylogenetic systematics,
- MeSH
- DNA helmintů genetika chemie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Populus parazitologie MeSH
- půda * parazitologie MeSH
- Rhabditida * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace anatomie a histologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA helmintů MeSH
- půda * MeSH
Infectious diseases in wildlife threaten not only those species but also domestic animals and human health, necessitating strategies to prevent pathogen spread. The natural decomposition of carcasses may lead to pathogen inactivation due to associated increases in temperature and changes in the pH of the carcass and in the surrounding soil. In this study, the internal temperatures of 64 decomposing wild boar carcasses, the pH in the topsoil beneath 74 carcasses, and the pH of muscle and rectal tissue from 12 carcasses were monitored throughout the decomposition process. Carcass temperatures increased during decomposition, frequently exceeding 30 °C during aerobic decomposition in summer (maximum 58 °C). The pH in the carcasses increased until skeletonization, ranging from pH 4 to above pH 8. Soil pH also continuously increased during the decomposition, reaching a pH above 9 and remaining stable for at least 30 days post-skeletonization. The information on natural carcass decomposition processes provided by our study can serve as a basis for future studies to assess if elevated carcass temperatures and pH changes are sufficient for pathogen inactivation. However, our results suggest that, in most cases, neither the increase in carcass temperatures nor the changes in pH exceed the thresholds required to inactivate African swine fever virus.
- Klíčová slova
- African swine fever, Carcass decomposition, Carcass temperature, Wild Boar, Wildlife diseases, pH,
- MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- posmrtné změny * MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- teplota * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- půda MeSH
Mutualistic interactions between plants and soil fungi, mycorrhizas, control carbon and nutrient fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil of ecosystems featuring a particular type of mycorrhiza exhibit specific properties across multiple dimensions of soil functioning. The knowledge about the impacts of mycorrhizal fungi on soil functioning accumulated so far, indicates that these impacts are of major importance, yet poorly conceptualized. We propose a concept of mycorrhizal fungal environments in soil. Within this concept, we discuss knowledge gaps related to the understanding and quantification of mycorrhizal fungal impacts. We introduce an experimental framework to address these gaps in a quantitative manner, and present the field experiment 'Mycotron', where we established vegetation series featuring three mycorrhizal types; ericoid (ERM), ecto- (ECM), and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), to quantitatively assess mycorrhizal fungal impacts on soil functioning. The experimental treatments entail manipulations in dominance levels of vegetation of three mycorrhizal types (AM, ECM, and ERM) in standardized soil conditions. This experiment constitutes a unique testbed to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of distinct mycorrhizal fungal environments on a large variety of ecosystem functions. Our approach aids the quantification of microbiota and plant-microbial interaction impacts on soil biochemical cycles.
- Klíčová slova
- Mycotron experiment, arbuscular mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, ericoid mycorrhiza, soil biochemical cycles, soil properties,
- MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- rostliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- půda MeSH
Plant diversity can alter soil carbon stocks, but the effects are difficult to predict due to the multitude of mechanisms involved. We propose that these mechanisms and their outcomes can be better understood by testing how plant diversity affects particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) depending on whether MAOM storage is "saturated" and the total soil organic matter pool is limited by plant inputs. Such context-dependency of plant-diversity effects on POM, MAOM, and total soil organic matter helps explain inconsistencies in plant-diversity-soil-carbon relationships across studies. Further illumination of this context-dependency is required to better predict consequences of biodiversity losses and gains, and manage ecosystems as carbon sinks and nutrient stores.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- minerály * analýza chemie MeSH
- organické látky * analýza MeSH
- pevné částice * analýza MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- rostliny * metabolismus klasifikace MeSH
- sekvestrace uhlíku MeSH
- uhlík analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- minerály * MeSH
- organické látky * MeSH
- pevné částice * MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
