Plant diversity can alter soil carbon stocks, but the effects are difficult to predict due to the multitude of mechanisms involved. We propose that these mechanisms and their outcomes can be better understood by testing how plant diversity affects particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) depending on whether MAOM storage is "saturated" and the total soil organic matter pool is limited by plant inputs. Such context-dependency of plant-diversity effects on POM, MAOM, and total soil organic matter helps explain inconsistencies in plant-diversity-soil-carbon relationships across studies. Further illumination of this context-dependency is required to better predict consequences of biodiversity losses and gains, and manage ecosystems as carbon sinks and nutrient stores.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry Na Sádkách 7 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences Cleveland State University Cleveland OH USA

German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle Jena Leipzig Puschstraße 4 04103 Leipzig Germany

Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University Benátská 2 Praha 2 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany

Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry POB 100164 Jena 07701 Germany

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Lange, M. et al. Plant diversity increases soil microbial activity and soil carbon storage. PubMed DOI

Steinbeiss, S. et al. Plant diversity positively affects short-term soil carbon storage in experimental grasslands. DOI

Chen, S. et al. Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen, X. et al. Tree diversity increases decadal forest soil carbon and nitrogen accrual. PubMed DOI

Chen, X. et al. Effects of plant diversity on soil carbon in diverse ecosystems: a global meta-analysis. PubMed DOI

Eichenberg, D. et al. Widespread decline in Central European plant diversity across six decades. PubMed DOI

Jandt, U. et al. More losses than gains during one century of plant biodiversity change in Germany. PubMed DOI

Weisser, W. W. et al. Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: patterns, mechanisms, and open questions. DOI

Bai, Y. & Cotrufo, M. F. Grassland soil carbon sequestration: current understanding, challenges. PubMed

Wooliver, R., Kivlin, S. N. & Jagadamma, S. Links among crop diversification, microbial diversity, and soil organic carbon: mini review and case studies. PubMed DOI PMC

Eisenhauer, N. et al. A belowground perspective on the nexus between biodiversity change, climate change, and human well-being.

Lavallee, J. M., Soong, J. L. & Cotrufo, M. F. Conceptualizing soil organic matter into particulate and mineral-associated forms to address global change in the 21st century. PubMed DOI

Angst, G. et al. Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key. PubMed DOI PMC

Mueller, C. W. et al. Initial differentiation of vertical soil organic matter distribution and composition under juvenile beech ( DOI

Bol, R., Poirier, N., Balesdent, J. & Gleixner, G. Molecular turnover time of soil organic matter in particle-size fractions of an arable soil. PubMed DOI

Liang, C., Schimel, J. P. & Jastrow, J. D. The importance of anabolism in microbial control over soil carbon storage. PubMed DOI

Totsche, K. U. et al. Microaggregates in soils. DOI

Chenu, C. & Plante, A. T. F. T. Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequence: revisiting the concept of the ‘primary organo-mineral complex’. DOI

Tong, H. et al. Crop rotational diversity alters the composition of stabilized soil organic matter compounds in soil physical fractions. DOI

Jia, Y. et al. Plant and microbial pathways driving plant diversity effects on soil carbon accumulation in subtropical forest. DOI

Sun, T. et al. General reversal of N- decomposition relationship during long- term decomposition in boreal and temperate forests Tao. PubMed DOI PMC

Castellano, M. J., Mueller, K. E., Olk, D. C., Sawyer, J. E. & Six, J. Integrating plant litter quality, soil organic matter stabilization, and the carbon saturation concept. PubMed DOI

Cotrufo, M. F., Wallenstein, M. D., Boot, C. M., Denef, K. & Paul, E. The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: Do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?. PubMed DOI

Craig, M. E. et al. Fast-decaying plant litter enhances soil carbon in temperate forests but not through microbial physiological traits. PubMed DOI PMC

Angst, G. et al. Stabilized microbial necromass in soil is more strongly coupled with microbial diversity than the bioavailability of plant inputs. DOI

Sokol, N. W. et al. Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry. PubMed DOI

Chen, X., Chen, H. Y. H., Searle, E. B., Chen, C. & Reich, P. B. Negative to positive shifts in diversity effects on soil nitrogen over time. DOI

Eisenhauer, N. et al. Root biomass and exudates link plant diversity with soil bacterial and fungal biomass. PubMed PMC

Zhang, Y., Peng, S., Chen, X. & Chen, H. Y. H. Plant diversity increases the abundance and diversity of soil fauna: a meta-analysis. DOI

Tilman, D., Wedin, D. & Knops, J. Productivity and sustainability influeced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. DOI

Huang, Y. et al. Enhanced stability of grassland soil temperature by plant diversity. DOI

Joly, F.-X. et al. Tree species diversity affects decomposition through modified micro-environmental conditions across European forests. PubMed DOI

Fischer, C. et al. Plant species richness and functional groups have different effects on soil water content in a decade-long grassland experiment. DOI

Leimer, S., Oelmann, Y., Wirth, C. & Wilcke, W. Time matters for plant diversity effects on nitrate leaching from temperate grassland. DOI

Mueller, K. E., Hobbie, S. E., Tilman, D. & Reich, P. B. Effects of plant diversity, N fertilization, and elevated carbon dioxide on grassland soil N cycling in a long-term experiment. PubMed DOI

Beugnon, R. et al. Tree diversity effects on litter decomposition are mediated by litterfall and microbial processes. DOI

Eisenhauer, N. et al. Plant diversity effects on soil food webs are stronger than those of elevated CO2 and N deposition in a long-term grassland experiment. PubMed DOI PMC

Mueller, C. W. & Koegel-Knabner, I. Soil organic carbon stocks, distribution, and composition affected by historic land use changes on adjacent sites. DOI

von Lützow, M. et al. SOM fractionation methods: Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms. DOI

Sokol, N. W., Kuebbing, S. E., Karlsen-Ayala, E. & Bradford, M. A. Evidence for the primacy of living root inputs, not root or shoot litter, in forming soil organic carbon. PubMed DOI

Frouz, J. Effects of soil macro- and mesofauna on litter decomposition and soil organic matter stabilization. DOI

Angst, G. et al. Conceptualizing soil fauna effects on labile and stabilized soil organic matter. PubMed DOI PMC

Cardinale, B. J. et al. Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. PubMed DOI PMC

Ebeling, A. et al. Plant diversity impacts decomposition and herbivory via changes in aboveground arthropods. PubMed PMC

Yang, Y., Tilman, D., Furey, G. & Lehman, C. Soil carbon sequestration accelerated by restoration of grassland biodiversity. PubMed PMC

Liang, J. et al. Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests. PubMed DOI

Tilman, D., Wedin, D. & Knops, J. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. DOI

Li, C. et al. Crop diversity for yield increase. PubMed DOI PMC

van Ruijven, J. & Berendse, F. Diversity–productivity relationships: Initial effects, long-term patterns, and underlying mechanisms. PubMed DOI PMC

Van Ruijven, J. & Berendse, F. Long-term persistence of a positive plant diversity–productivity relationship in the absence of legumes. DOI

Wang, G. et al. Soil microbiome mediates positive plant diversity-productivity relationships in late successional grassland species. PubMed DOI

van Ruijven, J., Ampt, E., Francioli, D. & Mommer, L. Do soil-borne fungal pathogens mediate plant diversity–productivity relationships? Evidence and future opportunities. DOI

Cong, W.-F. et al. Plant species richness promotes soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in grasslands without legumes. DOI

Chen, H. et al. Plant species richness negatively affects root decomposition in grasslands. DOI

Cá, J., Lustosa Filho, J. F., da Silva, N. R., de Castro, C. R. T. & de Oliveira, T. S. C. N stocks in silvopastoral systems with high and low tree diversity: Evidence from a twenty-two year old field study. PubMed DOI

Peng, S. et al. Species mixtures enhance fine root biomass but inhibit root decay under throughfall manipulation in young natural boreal forests. PubMed DOI

Sokol, N. W. & Bradford, M. A. Microbial formation of stable soil carbon is more efficient from belowground than aboveground input. DOI

Gessner, M. O. et al. Diversity meets decomposition. PubMed DOI

Smith, V. C. & Bradford, M. A. Do non-additive effects on decomposition in litter-mix experiments result from differences in resource quality between litters?. DOI

Hättenschwiler, S., Tiunov, A. V. & Scheu, S. Biodiversity and litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. DOI

Xiong, S. & Nilsson, C. The effects of plant litter on vegetation: a meta-analysis. DOI

Wan, X. et al. Functional identity drives tree species richness-induced increases in litterfall production and forest floor mass in young tree communities. PubMed DOI

Baldwin-Kordick, R. et al. Comprehensive impacts of diversified cropping on soil health and sustainability. DOI

Cesarz, S., Fahrenholz, N., Migge-Kleian, S., Platner, C. & Schaefer, M. Earthworm communities in relation to tree diversity in a deciduous forest.

Spehn, E. M., Joshi, J., Schmid, B., Alphei, J. & Körner, C. Plant diversity effects on soil heterotrophic activity in experimental grassland ecosystems. DOI

Milcu, A., Partsch, S., Scherber, C., Weisser, W. W. & Scheu, S. Earthworms and legumes control litter decomposition in a plant diversity gradient. PubMed DOI

Xiao, W., Chen, C., Chen, X., Huang, Z. & Chen, H. Y. H. Functional and phylogenetic diversity promote litter decomposition across terrestrial ecosystems. DOI

Makkonen, M., Berg, M. P., van Logtestijn, R. S. P., van Hal, J. R. & Aerts, R. Do physical plant litter traits explain non-additivity in litter mixtures? A test of the improved microenvironmental conditions theory. DOI

Cuchietti, A., Marcotti, E., Gurvich, D. E., Cingolani, A. M. & Pérez Harguindeguy, N. Leaf litter mixtures and neighbour effects: low-nitrogen and high-lignin species increase decomposition rate of high-nitrogen and low-lignin neighbours. DOI

Berglund, S. L., Ågren, G. I. & Ågren, G. I. When will litter mixtures decompose faster or slower than individual litters? A model for two litters. DOI

Handa, I. T. et al. Consequences of biodiversity loss for litter decomposition across biomes. PubMed DOI

Liu, J. et al. Synergistic effects: a common theme in mixed-species litter decomposition. PubMed DOI

Bessler, H. et al. Nitrogen uptake by grassland communities: Contribution of N2 fixation, facilitation, complementarity, and species dominance. DOI

Reich, P. B. et al. Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate through time as redundancy fades. PubMed DOI

Chen, X. & Chen, H. Y. H. Plant mixture balances terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry. PubMed PMC

Porre, R. J., van der Werf, W., De Deyn, G. B., Stomph, T. J. & Hoffland, E. Is litter decomposition enhanced in species mixtures? A meta-analysis. DOI

Angst, G. et al. Soil texture affects the coupling of litter decomposition and soil organic matter formation. DOI

Fornara, D. A., Tilman, D. & Hobbie, S. E. Linkages between plant functional composition, fine root processes and potential soil N mineralization rates. DOI

Spehn, E. M. et al. The role of legumes as a component of biodiversity in a cross-European study of grassland biomass nitrogen. DOI

Prescott, C. E. Do rates of litter decomposition tell us anything we really need to know? DOI

Prescott, C. E. Litter decomposition: What controls it and how can we alter it to sequester more carbon in forest soils?. DOI

Mueller, K. E. et al. Effects of litter traits, soil biota, and soil chemistry on soil carbon stocks at a common garden with 14 tree species. DOI

Berg, È. Litter decomposition and organic matter turnover in northern forest soils.

Berg, B. et al. Factors influencing limit values for pine needle litter decomposition: a synthesis for boreal and temperate pine forest systems. DOI

Whalen, E. D., Grandy, A. S., Geyer, K. M., Morrison, E. W. & Frey, S. D. Microbial trait multifunctionality drives soil organic matter formation potential. PubMed DOI PMC

Lange, M. et al. Biotic and abiotic properties mediating plant diversity effects on soil microbial communities in an experimental grassland. PubMed PMC

Thakur, M. P. et al. Plant diversity drives soil microbial biomass carbon in grasslands irrespective of global environmental change factors. PubMed DOI

McDaniel, M. D., Tiemann, L. K. & Grandy, A. S. Does agricultural crop diversity enhance soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics? A meta-analysis. PubMed DOI

Chen, C., Chen, H. Y. H., Chen, X. & Huang, Z. Meta-analysis shows positive effects of plant diversity on microbial biomass and respiration. PubMed DOI PMC

Tedersoo, L. et al. Tree diversity and species identity effects on soil fungi, protists and animals are context dependent. PubMed DOI PMC

Tiemann, L. K., Grandy, A. S., Atkinson, E. E., Marin-Spiotta, E. & McDaniel, M. D. Crop rotational diversity enhances belowground communities and functions in an agroecosystem. PubMed DOI

Steinauer, K., Chatzinotas, A. & Eisenhauer, N. Root exudate cocktails: the link between plant diversity and soil microorganisms?. PubMed DOI PMC

Loranger-Merciris, G., Barthes, L., Gastine, A. & Leadley, P. Rapid effects of plant species diversity and identity on soil microbial communities in experimental grassland ecosystems. DOI

Prober, S. M. et al. Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide. PubMed DOI

Dassen, S. et al. Differential responses of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists to plant species richness and plant functional group identity. PubMed DOI

Eisenhauer, N., Reich, P. B. & Scheu, S. Increasing plant diversity effects on productivity with time due to delayed soil biota effects on plants. DOI

Duan, P. et al. Tree species diversity increases soil microbial carbon use efficiency in a subtropical forest. PubMed DOI

Prommer, J. et al. Increased microbial growth, biomass, and turnover drive soil organic carbon accumulation at higher plant diversity. PubMed DOI PMC

Joly, F.-X. et al. Detritivore conversion of litter into faeces accelerates organic matter turnover. PubMed DOI PMC

Spohn, M. et al. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate. PubMed DOI PMC

Schmidt, M. W. I. et al. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. PubMed DOI

Jilling, A. et al. Rapid and distinct responses of particulate and mineral-associated organic nitrogen to conservation tillage and cover crops. DOI

Jilling, A. et al. Minerals in the rhizosphere: overlooked mediators of soil nitrogen availability to plants and microbes. DOI

Eisenhauer, N. et al. Plant diversity effects on soil microorganisms support the singular hypothesis. PubMed DOI

Williams, A. et al. Root functional traits explain root exudation rate and composition across a range of grassland species. DOI

Smith, D. J. et al. Dissolved organic carbon characteristics are associated with changes in soil microbiome under different plant species. DOI

Scheibe, A. & Gleixner, G. Influence of litter diversity on dissolved organic matter release and soil carbon formation in a mixed beech forest. PubMed DOI PMC

Peng, S. & Chen, H. Y. H. Global responses of fine root biomass and traits to plant species mixtures in terrestrial ecosystems. DOI

Lange, M. et al. Plant diversity enhances production and downward transport of biodegradable dissolved organic matter. DOI

Pérès, G. et al. Mechanisms linking plant community properties to soil aggregate stability in an experimental grassland plant diversity gradient. DOI

Mueller, K. E., Tilman, D., Fornara, D. A. & Hobbie, S. E. Root depth distribution and the diversity–productivity relationship in a long-term grassland experiment. DOI

Liu, C. et al. Standing fine root mass and production in four Chinese subtropical forests along a succession and species diversity gradient. DOI

Fischer, C. et al. Plant species diversity affects infiltration capacity in an experimental grassland through changes in soil properties. DOI

Cotrufo, M. F., Haddix, M. L., Kroeger, M. E. & Stewart, C. E. The role of plant input physical-chemical properties, and microbial and soil chemical diversity on the formation of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter. DOI

Chari, N. R. & Taylor, B. N. Soil organic matter formation and loss are mediated by root exudates in a temperate forest. DOI

Keiluweit, M. et al. Mineral protection of soil carbon counteracted by root exudates. DOI

Don, A. & Kalbitz, K. Amounts and degradability of dissolved organic carbon from foliar litter at different decomposition stages. DOI

Tao, F. et al. Microbial carbon use efficiency promotes global soil carbon storage. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen, X., Chen, H. Y. H. & Chang, S. X. Meta-analysis shows that plant mixtures increase soil phosphorus availability and plant productivity in diverse ecosystems. PubMed DOI

Liu, X. et al. Plant diversity and species turnover co-regulate soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability in Dinghushan forests, southern China. DOI

Spohn, M. et al. Soil microbial carbon use efficiency and biomass turnover in a long-term fertilization experiment in a temperate grassland.

Renwick, L. L. R. et al. Long-term crop rotation diversification enhances maize drought resistance through soil organic matter. DOI

De Frenne, P. et al. Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda. PubMed DOI

Domeignoz-Horta, L. A. et al. Plant diversity drives positive microbial associations in the rhizosphere enhancing carbon use efficiency in agricultural soils. PubMed DOI PMC

Haddad, N. M. et al. Plant species loss decreases arthropod diversity and shifts trophic structure. PubMed DOI

Li, Y. et al. Multitrophic arthropod diversity mediates tree diversity effects on primary productivity. PubMed DOI

Eisenhauer, N., Cesarz, S., Koller, R., Worm, K. & Reich, P. B. Global change belowground: impacts of elevated CO2, nitrogen, and summer drought on soil food webs and biodiversity. DOI

Siemann, E. Experimental tests of effects of plant productivity and diversity on grassland arthropod diversity. DOI

Scherber, C. et al. Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversity experiment. PubMed DOI

Chauvat, M., Titsch, D., Zaytsev, A. S. & Wolters, V. Changes in soil faunal assemblages during conversion from pure to mixed forest stands. DOI

Ledeganck, P., Nijs, I. & Beyens, L. Plant functional group diversity promotes soil protist diversity. PubMed DOI

Dietrich, P., Cesarz, S., Liu, T., Roscher, C. & Eisenhauer, N. Effects of plant species diversity on nematode community composition and diversity in a long-term biodiversity experiment. PubMed DOI PMC

Cortois, R. et al. Possible mechanisms underlying abundance and diversity responses of nematode communities to plant diversity. DOI

Eisenhauer, N. et al. Plant diversity surpasses plant functional groups and plant productivity as driver of soil biota in the long term. PubMed DOI PMC

Mielke, L. et al. Nematode grazing increases the allocation of plant-derived carbon to soil bacteria and saprophytic fungi, and activates bacterial species of the rhizosphere. DOI

Korboulewsky, N., Perez, G. & Chauvat, M. How tree diversity affects soil fauna diversity: a review. DOI

De Deyn, G. B., Raaijmakers, C. E., Van Ruijven, J., Berendse, F. & Van Der Putten, W. H. Plant species identity and diversity effects on different trophic levels of nematodes in the soil food web. DOI

Achury, R. et al. Plant diversity and functional identity alter ant occurrence and activity in experimental grasslands. DOI

Gastine, A., Scherer-Lorenzen, M. & Leadley, P. W. No consistent effects of plant diversity on root biomass, soil biota and soil abiotic conditions in temperate grassland communities. DOI

Hasegawa, M. et al. The effects of mixed broad-leaved trees on the collembolan community in larch plantations of central Japan. DOI

Salamon, J.-A., Schaefer, M., Alphei, J., Schmid, B. & Scheu, S. Effects of plant diversity on Collembola in an experimental grassland ecosystem. DOI

Cesarz, S. et al. Tree species diversity versus tree species identity: Driving forces in structuring forest food webs as indicated by soil nematodes. DOI

Viketoft, M. et al. Long-term effects of plant diversity and composition on soil nematode communities in model grasslands. PubMed DOI

Perner, J. et al. Effects of plant diversity, plant productivity and habitat parameters on arthropod abundance in montane European grasslands. DOI

Laossi, K.-R. et al. Effects of plant diversity on plant biomass production and soil macrofauna in Amazonian pastures. DOI

Eisenhauer, N. et al. Plant community impacts on the structure of earthworm communities depend on season and change with time. DOI

Schwarz, B. et al. Non-significant tree diversity but significant identity effects on earthworm communities in three tree diversity experiments. DOI

Milcu, A., Partsch, S., Langel, R. & Scheu, S. The response of decomposers (earthworms, springtails and microorganisms) to variations in species and functional group diversity of plants. DOI

Dümig, A., Smittenberg, R. & Kögel-Knabner, I. Concurrent evolution of organic and mineral components during initial soil development after retreat of the Damma glacier, Switzerland. DOI

Georgiou, K. et al. Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. PubMed DOI PMC

West, T. O. & Six, J. Considering the influence of sequestration duration and carbon saturation on estimates of soil carbon capacity. DOI

Frouz, J. Effects of soil development time and litter quality on soil carbon sequestration: assessing soil carbon saturation with a field transplant experiment along a post-mining chronosequence. DOI

Qu, Q. et al. Belowground C sequestrations response to grazing exclusion in global grasslands: Dynamics and mechanisms. DOI

Johnson, K., Scatena, F. N. & Pan, Y. Short- and long-term responses of total soil organic carbon to harvesting in a northern hardwood forest. DOI

Poeplau, C., Dechow, R., Begill, N. & Don, A. Towards an ecosystem capacity to stabilise organic carbon in soils. PubMed DOI

Begill, N., Don, A. & Poeplau, C. No detectable upper limit of mineral-associated organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils. PubMed DOI

Cotrufo, M. F., Lavallee, J. M., Six, J. & Lugato, E. The robust concept of mineral-associated organic matter saturation: A letter to Begill et al., 2023. PubMed DOI

Breure, T. S. et al. Revisiting the soil carbon saturation concept to inform a risk index in European agricultural soils. PubMed DOI PMC

Hansen, P. M. et al. Distinct, direct and climate-mediated environmental controls on global particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon storage. PubMed DOI

Isbell, F. et al. Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes. PubMed DOI

Lugato, E., Lavallee, J. M., Haddix, M. L., Panagos, P. & Francesca Cotrufo, M. Different climate sensitivity of particulate and mineral-associated soil organic matter. DOI

Prater, I. et al. From fibrous plant residues to mineral-associated organic carbon–the fate of organic matter in Arctic permafrost soils. DOI

Mueller, C. W. et al. Large amounts of labile organic carbon in permafrost soils of northern Alaska. PubMed DOI

Sayer, E. J. et al. Altered litter inputs modify carbon and nitrogen storage in soil organic matter in a lowland tropical forest. DOI

Man, M. et al. Twenty years of litter manipulation reveals that above-ground litter quantity and quality controls soil organic matter molecular composition. DOI

Pierson, D. et al. Mineral stabilization of soil carbon is suppressed by live roots, outweighing influences from litter quality or quantity. DOI

Haddix, M. L., Paul, E. A. & Cotrufo, M. F. Dual, differential isotope labeling shows the preferential movement of labile plant constituents into mineral-bonded soil organic matter. PubMed DOI

Wang, R. et al. A novel 13C pulse-labelling method to quantify the contribution of rhizodeposits to soil respiration in a grassland exposed to drought and nitrogen addition. PubMed DOI

Domeignoz-Horta, L. A. et al. Microbial diversity drives carbon use efficiency in a model soil. PubMed PMC

Eisenhauer, N. et al. Ecosystem consequences of invertebrate decline. PubMed DOI

Roy, J. et al. Ecotrons: powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science. PubMed DOI PMC

Schädler, M. et al. Investigating the consequences of climate change under different land-use regimes: a novel experimental infrastructure.

Just, C. et al. A simple approach to isolate slow and fast cycling organic carbon fractions in Central European soils—importance of dispersion method.

White, R. A. et al. The state of rhizospheric science in the era of multi-omics: A practical guide to omics technologies. DOI

Fraser, L. H. et al. Coordinated distributed experiments: an emerging tool for testing global hypotheses in ecology and environmental science. DOI

Rousk, J. et al. Soil bacterial and fungal communities across a pH gradient in an arable soil. PubMed DOI