In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) using peroxydisulfate has become more popular in the remediation of soils and shallow groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals. Researchers have studied the chemistry of peroxydisulfate and the oxidative species produced upon its decomposition (i.e., sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical) for over five decades, describing reaction kinetics, mechanisms, and product formation in great detail. However, if this information is to be useful to practitioners seeking to optimize the use of peroxydisulfate in the remediation of hazardous waste sites, the relevant conditions of high oxidant concentrations and the presence of minerals and solutes that affect radical chain reactions must be considered. The objectives of this Review are to provide insights into the chemistry of peroxydisulfate-based ISCO that can enable more efficient operation of these systems and to identify research needed to improve understanding of system performance. By gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying chemistry of these complex systems, it may be possible to improve the design and operation of peroxydisulfate-based ISCO remediation systems.

• Klíčová slova
• ISCO, PDS, in situ chemical oxidation, organic contaminants, peroxydisulfate,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• oxidancia chemie   MeSH
• oxidy chemie   MeSH
• podzemní voda * chemie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• oxidancia MeSH
• oxidy MeSH
• půda MeSH

Manganese oxides are considered an essential component of natural geochemical barriers due to their redox and sorptive reactivity towards essential and potentially toxic trace elements. Despite the perception that they are in a relatively stable phase, microorganisms can actively alter the prevailing conditions in their microenvironment and initiate the dissolution of minerals, a process that is governed by various direct (enzymatic) or indirect mechanisms. Microorganisms are also capable of precipitating the bioavailable manganese ions via redox transformations into biogenic minerals, including manganese oxides (e.g., low-crystalline birnessite) or oxalates. Microbially mediated transformation influences the (bio)geochemistry of manganese and also the environmental chemistry of elements intimately associated with its oxides. Therefore, the biodeterioration of manganese-bearing phases and the subsequent biologically induced precipitation of new biogenic minerals may inevitably and severely impact the environment. This review highlights and discusses the role of microbially induced or catalyzed processes that affect the transformation of manganese oxides in the environment as relevant to the function of geochemical barriers.

• Klíčová slova
• biotransformation, manganese, manganese oxides, microorganisms, sorption,
• MeSH
• mangan * chemie   MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• oxidy * chemie   MeSH
• sloučeniny manganu chemie   MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mangan * MeSH
• manganese oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• minerály MeSH
• oxidy * MeSH
• sloučeniny manganu MeSH

Globally, many developing countries are facing silent epidemics of nutritional deficiencies in human beings and animals. The lack of diversity in diet, i.e., cereal-based crops deficient in mineral nutrients is an additional threat to nutritional quality. The present review accounts for the significance of biofortification as a process to enhance the productivity of crops and also an agricultural solution to address the issues of nutritional security. In this endeavor, different innovative and specific biofortification approaches have been discussed for nutrient enrichment of field crops including cereals, pulses, oilseeds and fodder crops. The agronomic approach increases the micronutrient density in crops with soil and foliar application of fertilizers including amendments. The biofortification through conventional breeding approach includes the selection of efficient genotypes, practicing crossing of plants with desirable nutritional traits without sacrificing agricultural and economic productivity. However, the transgenic/biotechnological approach involves the synthesis of transgenes for micronutrient re-translocation between tissues to enhance their bioavailability. Soil microorganisms enhance nutrient content in the rhizosphere through diverse mechanisms such as synthesis, mobilization, transformations and siderophore production which accumulate more minerals in plants. Different sources of micronutrients viz. mineral solutions, chelates and nanoparticles play a pivotal role in the process of biofortification as it regulates the absorption rates and mechanisms in plants. Apart from the quality parameters, biofortification also improved the crop yield to alleviate hidden hunger thus proving to be a sustainable and cost-effective approach. Thus, this review article conveys a message for researchers about the adequate potential of biofortification to increase crop productivity and nourish the crop with additional nutrient content to provide food security and nutritional quality to humans and livestock.

• Klíčová slova
• agronomic biofortification, gene modification, green technology, mineral dense field crops, nanotechnology, transgenic/biotechnological approach,
• MeSH
• biofortifikace metody   MeSH
• biotechnologie MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• fortifikované potraviny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroživiny analýza   MeSH
• minerály analýza   chemie   MeSH
• nanotechnologie MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• podvýživa epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• šlechtění rostlin MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zajištění potravin MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny chemie   MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikroživiny MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
• půda MeSH

Iron-based nanomaterials have high technological impacts on various pro-environmental applications, including wastewater treatment using the co-precipitation method. The purpose of this research was to identify the changes of iron nanomaterial's structure caused by the presence of selenium, a typical water contaminant, which might affect the removal when the iron co-precipitation method is used. Therefore, we have investigated the maturation of co-precipitated nanosized ferric oxyhydroxides under alkaline conditions and their thermal transformation into hematite in the presence of selenite and selenate with high concentrations. Since the association of selenium with precipitates surfaces has been proven to be weak, the mineralogy of the system was affected insignificantly, and the goethite was identified as an only ferric phase in all treatments. However, the morphology and the crystallinity of ferric oxyhydroxides was slightly altered. Selenium affected the structural order of precipitates, especially at the initial phase of co-precipitation. Still, the crystal integrity and homogeneity increased with time almost constantly, regardless of the treatment. The thermal transformation into well crystalized hematite was more pronounced in the presence of selenite, while selenate-treated and selenium-free samples indicated the presence of highly disordered fraction. This highlights that the aftermath of selenium release does not result in destabilization of ferric phases; however, since weak interactions of selenium are dominant at alkaline conditions with goethite's surfaces, it still poses a high risk for the environment. The findings of this study should be applicable in waters affected by mining and metallurgical operations.

• Klíčová slova
• Mössbauer spectroscopy, ferric oxyhydroxides, selenium, sorption,
• MeSH
• alkálie chemie   MeSH
• chemická precipitace MeSH
• krystalizace MeSH
• kyselina seleničitá chemie   MeSH
• kyselina selenová chemie   MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• sloučeniny železa chemie   MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• spektroskopie Mossbauerova MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• železo chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkálie MeSH
• ferric oxyhydroxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• goethite MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina seleničitá MeSH
• kyselina selenová MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• sloučeniny železa MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH
• železo MeSH

Conazole fungicides are currently used pesticides with considerable chronic toxicity and ecotoxicity that are also on EU list for substitution. They enter the soil forming short- or long-term residues. In this study two of their representatives, epoxiconazole (EPC) and tebuconazole (TBC), have been tested with 20 soils from the Czech Republic for their adsorption. Adsorption, by means of Kd coefficients, was compared to "basic" (TOC, pH, clay …) and "advanced" (surface area, minerals ..) soil properties. After doing multivariate analysis of the variables it was apparent that adsorption of both pesticides was highly associated with pH (negatively correlated), and less associated with soil organo-mineral complex (TOC, clay and surface area) and C and N in soil organic matter (OM). Particle sizes or cation exchange capacity (CEC) did not show correlation with adsorption, but showed an association in multidimensional space in factor analysis (FA). Some correlations were revealed between EPC adsorption and soil organic matter parameters. Recalculating Kd to Koc and to Gibb's free energy (ΔG) and its values indicated that the adsorption of EPC and TBC is mainly weak physical adsorption - partitioning. Also, ΔG values gave better correlation with pH(H2O) than Kd. Surface area impacted EPC adsorption. From the several soil minerals, kaolinite showed EPC and TBC adsorption. EPC adsorption was not highly influenced with pH changes compared to TBC. The number and types of H-bonds with molecular geometry govern the sorption, which might crucially affect leachibility in soil, and this may indicate that TBC is more leachable than EPC for the same soil.

• Klíčová slova
• Adorption, Conazole fungicides, Epoxiconazole, Soil, Tebuconazole,
• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• epoxidové sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• jíl MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu chemie   MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• pesticidy chemie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• triazoly chemie   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epoxiconazole MeSH Prohlížeč
• epoxidové sloučeniny MeSH
• jíl MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• pesticidy MeSH
• půda MeSH
• tebuconazole MeSH Prohlížeč
• triazoly MeSH

This study focused on natural materials such as clinoptilolite (CLI), metakaolin (MK), marlstone (MRL) and phonolite (PH). Clinoptilolite is one of the most known and common natural minerals (zeolites) with a unique porous structure, metakaolin is calcined kaolin clay, marlstone is a sedimentary rock and phonolite is an igneous rock composed of alkali feldspar and other minerals. These natural materials are mainly used in the building industry (additions for concrete mixtures, production of paving, gravels) or for water purification, but the modification of their chemical, textural and mechanical properties makes these materials potentially usable in other industries, especially in the chemical industry. The modification of these natural materials and rocks was carried out by leaching using 0.1 M HCl (D1 samples) and then using 3 M HCl (D2 samples). This treatment could be an effective tool to modify the structure and composition of these materials. Properties of modified materials were determined by N2 physisorption, Hg porosimetry, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and CO2 adsorption using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of N2 physisorption measurements showed that that the largest increase of specific surface area was for clinoptilolite leached using 3M HCl. There was also a significant increase of the micropore volume in the D2 samples. The only exception was marlstone, where the volume of micropores was zero even in the leached sample. Clinoptilolite had the highest acidity and sorption capacity of CO2. TGA showed that the amount of CO2 adsorbed was not significantly related to the increase in specific surface area and the opening of micropores. Hg porosimetry showed that acid leaching using 0.1 M HCl and 3 M HCl resulted in a significant increase in the macropore volume in phonolite, and during leaching using 3M HCl there was an increase of the mesopore volume. From the better properties, cost-efficient and environmental points of view, the use of these materials could be an interesting solution for catalytic and sorption applications.

• Klíčová slova
• acid leaching, clinoptilolite, marlstone, metakaolin, natural minerals and rocks, natural zeolite, phonolite,
• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• biologické přípravky chemie   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• minerály MeSH

Oštiepok is traditional half-fat semi-hard cheese manufactured in Slovak Republic. In this research, we have analyzed the content of macro-elements (calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium) and micro-elements (chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc) in Oštiepok cheese samples collected from various parts of Slovak Republic. The analysis of Oštiepok cheese samples (n = 19) was carried out by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The macro-element concentrations in the investigated samples varied quite significantly with the highest values recorded for sodium with its average concentration of 8083 mg kg-1. The second highest macro-element concentration was observed for calcium with the average concentration of 6850 mg kg-1. Average concentration of zinc was 23.2 mg kg-1; iron, 14.1 mg kg-1; and copper, 10.0 mg kg-1. The concentration of macro- and micro-elements varied from sample to sample, but we can conclude that the traditional Oštiepok cheese is a suitable source of some minerals important for human health. Based on the RDA, the exposure amounts of analyzed samples are low, and no element can be referred to as significant since none reaches 15% of the nutrient reference values, according to EC Regulation 1169/2011.

• Klíčová slova
• Cheese, Daily mineral intake, Elemental composition, Oštiepok, RDA,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• stopové prvky analýza   MeSH
• sýr analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• minerály MeSH
• stopové prvky MeSH

Mineralization of hydrogel biomaterials with calcium phosphate (CaP) is considered advantageous for bone regeneration. Mineralization can be both induced by the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and promoted by calcium-binding biomolecules, such as plant-derived polyphenols. In this study, ALP-loaded gellan gum (GG) hydrogels were enriched with gallotannins, a subclass of polyphenols. Five preparations were compared, namely three tannic acids of differing molecular weight (MW), pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), and a gallotannin-rich extract from mango kernel (Mangifera indica L.). Certain gallotannin preparations promoted mineralization to a greater degree than others. The various gallotannin preparations bound differently to ALP and influenced the size of aggregates of ALP, which may be related to ability to promote mineralization. Human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells grew in eluate from mineralized hydrogels. Gallotannin incorporation impeded cell growth on hydrogels and did not impart antibacterial activity. In conclusion, gallotannin incorporation aided mineralization but reduced cytocompatibility.

• Klíčová slova
• composite, enzyme, gellan gum, mineralization, polyphenol, protein-polyphenol interaction,
• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• biomimetika metody   MeSH
• fosforečnany vápenaté MeSH
• fyziologická kalcifikace účinky léků   MeSH
• hydrogely chemie   MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mangifera chemie   MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• osteoblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• polyfenoly chemie   MeSH
• polysacharidy chemie   MeSH
• regenerace kostí MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkalická fosfatasa MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• calcium phosphate MeSH Prohlížeč
• fosforečnany vápenaté MeSH
• gellan gum MeSH Prohlížeč
• hydrogely MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny MeSH
• Mangifera indica extract MeSH Prohlížeč
• minerály MeSH
• pentagalloylglucose MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyfenoly MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Concentration of trace metals (TMs) is one of the most crucial factors determining the quality of cereal grains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of digestate, manure, and NPK fertilization on TM concentration in grains and straw of two cereal crops-winter wheat (WW) and spring barley (SB)-and TM transfer from soil to plants. The experiment was carried out between 2012 and 2016. Every year, the same treatment was used on each plot: control (without fertilization), digestate, digestate + straw, cattle slurry, and mineral NPK fertilization. In general, fertilization increased the concentration of TMs that belong to the micronutrient group (Zn, Cu, Fe), particularly after application of digestate and cattle slurry. At the same time, fertilization, regardless of the fertilizer type, led to an increase in Cd concentration in the grain of WW in comparison with the control. Despite the increase in Cd and micronutrient content as a result of fertilization, the concentration of elements remained below the applicable standards. Among TMs, only Pb content exceeded the European Union limits. The increased concentration of Pb was, however, an effect of other factors, rather than fertilization. The results clearly indicated that the biogas digestate from anaerobic codigestion of cattle slurry and agricultural residue could be utilized as fertilizer in agricultural applications without a risk of contaminating the food chain with TMs.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioconcentration factors, Cattle slurry, Contamination, Digestate, Mineral fertilizer, Trace elements,
• MeSH
• hnůj MeSH
• ječmen (rod) * metabolismus   MeSH
• kovy chemie   MeSH
• minerály chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
• pšenice metabolismus   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hnůj MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
• půda MeSH

The impact of a natural wetland ("dambo" in Zambia) on neutral mine drainage at Luanshya in the Zambian Copperbelt has been investigated during an intermediate discharge period (July) using a multi-method characterization of solid phase samples, sequential extraction analysis, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy combined with water analyses, isotopic analyses, and geochemical modeling. In the wetland, the principal identified solid phases in sediments were carbonates, gypsum, and ferric oxyhydroxides. A significant portion of the ochres was present as insoluble hematite. Mine drainage pH values decrease, and log [Formula: see text] values increase after inflow of water into the wetland; dissolved and suspended concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Co also decrease. Based on speciation calculations, there is no precipitation of secondary Cu and Co minerals in the period of sampling, but it can occur later in dry period when the flow rate is reduced. Concentrations of sulfate decrease, and values of δ34S(SO4) in the wetland increase in parallel, suggesting sulfate reduction is occurring. In more advanced dry period, the discharge in mine drainage stream is probably much lower and water can reach supersaturation with respect to minerals such as gypsum, which has been found in sediments. Wetlands have a positive impact on mine drainage water quality due to the removal of metals by adsorption, co-precipitation, and filtration of colloids. However, there can also be a rebound of contamination by seepage inflow downstream from the wetland. Ongoing climate change with extreme hydrologic events may enhance differences between dry and rainy seasons with resulting faster mobilization of contaminants.

• Klíčová slova
• Adsorption, Climate change, Neutral mine drainage, Ochres, Wetland, Zambia,
• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• chemická precipitace MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• filtrace MeSH
• hornictví * MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• koloidy MeSH
• minerály chemie   MeSH
• mokřady * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * metody   MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• síran vápenatý chemie   MeSH
• sírany analýza   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• uhličitany chemie   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Zambie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• ferric oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• ferric oxyhydroxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• koloidy MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• síran vápenatý MeSH
• sírany MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH
• uhličitany MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH