Quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and direct mercury analysis were used to determine the elemental composition of 180 transformed (salt-ripened) anchovies from three different fishing areas before and after packaging. To this purpose, four decision trees-based algorithms, corresponding to C5.0, classification and regression trees (CART), chi-squareautomatic interaction detection (CHAID), and quick unbiased efficient statistical tree (QUEST) were applied to the elemental datasets to find the most accurate data mining procedure to achieve the ultimate goal of fish origin prediction. Classification rules generated by the trained CHAID model optimally identified unlabelled testing bulk anchovies (93.9% F-score) by using just 6 out of 52 elements (As, K, P, Cd, Li, and Sr). The finished packaged product was better modelled by the QUEST algorithm which recognised the origin of anchovies with F-score of 97.7%, considering the information carried out by 5 elements (B, As, K. Cd, and Pd). Results obtained suggested that the traceability system in the fishery sector may be supported by simplified machine learning techniques applied to a limited but effective number of inorganic predictors of origin.

• Klíčová slova
• Data mining, Decision trees, Engraulis encrasicolus, Fish products, Geographical origin, ICP-MS,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• rozhodovací stromy MeSH
• rtuť analýza   MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rtuť MeSH

Consumer protection against food adulteration and misleading labelling is integrated into EU legislation, but accurate analysis of the meat content of farmed freshwater fish products is not possible because of the lack of established nitrogen factors for farmed common carp. The aim of this study was to determine nitrogen factors for farmed common carp Cyprinus carpio. Seven-hundred samples collected in 2018-2019 in three harvest seasons (March/April, Jun/July, and October/November) at seven locations in the Czech Republic were analysed for nitrogen, dry matter, protein, ash, and fat content according to standard ISO methods. The recommended nitrogen factor for fat-free common carp fillet with skin is 3.04 ± 0.13 and, for fillet without skin, 2.95 ± 0.12. Availability of nitrogen factors for common carp can help ensure that consumers are purchasing correctly labelled products.

• MeSH
• analýza potravin * MeSH
• dusík analýza   MeSH
• kapři * metabolismus   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• označování potravin MeSH
• rybářství MeSH
• rybí proteiny analýza   MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   MeSH
• tuky analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík MeSH
• rybí proteiny MeSH
• tuky MeSH

This study was conducted to develop systems for the identification of four tuna species (skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares, bullet tuna Auxis sp. and Atlantic bonito Sarda sp). At first, raw samples of these species and a mix intended as internal control were prepared for the authentication of fish muscle tissue of the genus Thunnus sp., Auxis sp. and Sarda sp. DNA from raw muscle tissue, the mix and samples was extracted with the DNeasy mericon Food Kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany). The concentration and purity of DNA in raw samples were evaluated using a spectrophotometer. Primers and probe sequences were specifically designed to identify the selected species. In addition, primers and a probe for the endogenous 12S rRNA gene were designed to determine the presence of amplifiable fish (especially tuna) DNA in samples. Furthermore, the species specificity of the designed primers and probes was verified in DNA samples of various tuna and bonito species. Limit of detection for the selected species was calculated as well as the coefficient of determination R2 and efficiency of real-time PCR testing was determined. To evaluate the developed real-time PCR methods, 70 commercial tuna products were analysed. The results show that mislabelling of fish products can still be encountered and, moreover, the presence of an additional species can be identified.

• Klíčová slova
• Auxis sp., Katsuwonus pelamis, Sarda sp., Thunnus albacares, efficiency, real-time PCR, tuna products,
• MeSH
• DNA genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   MeSH
• svaly chemie   MeSH
• tuňák MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH

BACKGROUND: Monogenea van Beneden, 1858 is a group of parasitic flatworms, commonly found infecting bony fish. Several genera, such as Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960, are reported to include potential pathogenic species that can negatively impact aquaculture fish stocks. They can switch from introduced to native fish and vice versa. In Africa (and all over the world), fish species belonging to Cichlidae are often kept in aquaculture and represent a major source of food. Thus, research on the biodiversity and occurrence of monogenean species on these fish is of importance for aquaculture and conservation. The present study is a survey of the diversity of species of Cichlidogyrus in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on three cichlid species: Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami', Serranochromis cf. macrocephalus, and Tilapia sparrmanii Smith, 1840. METHODS: Specimens of Cichlidogyrus were isolated from the gills and mounted on glass slides with Hoyer's medium. The genital and haptoral hard parts were measured and drawn using interference contrast. RESULTS: In total, six species of Cichlidogyrus were found, all new to science: C. bulbophallus n. sp. and C. pseudozambezensis n. sp. on S. cf. macrocephalus, C. flagellum n. sp. and C. lobus n. sp. on T. sparrmanii, C. ranula n. sp. on S. cf. macrocephalus and Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami', and C. maeander n. sp. found on Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami' and T. sparrmanii. The first four species are considered to be strict specialists, C. ranula n. sp. an intermediate generalist and C. maeander n. sp. a generalist. These parasite species show morphological similarities to species found in the Lower Guinea and Zambezi ichthyofaunal provinces, which might be explained by past river capture events between river systems of the Congo Province and both these regions. CONCLUSIONS: Serranochromis cf. macrocephalus and Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami' can harbour respectively three and two species of Cichlidogyrus, all described in this study. Tilapia sparrmanii can harbour seven species, of which three are described in the present study. These results highlight the species diversity of this parasite genus in the Congo Basin.

• Klíčová slova
• Africa, Cichlidae, Cichlidogyrus, DRC, Diversity, Monogenea, Orthochromis, Serranochromis, Tilapia,
• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• cichlidy parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• klasifikace * MeSH
• koinfekce parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• řeky parazitologie   MeSH
• rybí výrobky parazitologie   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• Tilapia parazitologie   MeSH
• Trematoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vodní hospodářství MeSH
• žábry parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Mercury is ubiquitous in the biosphere, occurring in the air, water, land, and soil, as well as in living organisms. Excessive exposure to mercury is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects including damage to the central nervous system and the kidneys. Mercury exists in many different forms in the environment which produce various patterns of toxicity. Protection of the food chain from contamination by mercury is an important task in the protection of health of the human population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to monitor the concentrations of mercury in fish and fish products from food retail in Eastern Slovakia, and from the Ružín water reservoir, Košice district. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 384 samples of fish and fish products were collected for the study. Atomic absorption spectrometry standard solutions for mercury were used at a wavelength of 254 nm. RESULTS: The majority of countries and global organizations now enforce a maximum concentration of mercury in fish of approximately 0.5 mg.kg-1. All of the 184 samples (50.52 % of the total fish samples studied) were above the maximum level set by the European Commission Regulation for mercury in fish. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic analytical control of contaminants in food is important. Mercury is concentrated in seafood, products of prey and marine fish, fish from rivers and lakes in the areas contaminated by mercury. According to the findings of this study with analyzer AMA 254, the consumption is not recommended of fish, especially seafood (meat of shark, swordfish and king mackerel), for selected groups of the population: children, women of childbearing age, pregnant women and nursing mothers.

• Klíčová slova
• atomic absorption spectrometry, daily intake, fish, methylmercury, seafood,
• MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rtuť analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   MeSH
• ryby klasifikace   MeSH
• spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rtuť MeSH

More than 85% of the population in Cambodia is strongly dependent on agriculture, of which freshwater aquaculture is one of the most important sources of food production. The smoked fish represents an important source of nutrients for Cambodian population; however, it can also lead to excessive intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A field survey was conducted among selected smoked fish producers near to Tonle Sap river in Kampong Chhnang province, Cambodia. The study revealed that maximal limits for benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of four PAHs given by EC 1881/2006 were exceeded 2-50 times. Such burden can lead to increased risk of development of carcinogenic diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• Cambodia, PAH, Smoked fish, Tonle Sap, aquaculture,
• MeSH
• benzopyren MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• kouř * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzopyren MeSH
• kouř * MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH

The conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect the major allergenic protein parvalbumin beta 2 of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) was developed. The specific set of primers for the amplification of the partial genomic sequence of the pvalb 2 gene encoding the main fish allergen of both herrings was designed and applied to the investigation of 24 commercial fish products. The targeted amplicon size was 189 bp of pvalb 2 gene of Atlantic herring and Pacific herring. As the internal amplification control, the DNA of 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotes (141 bp) was successfully used. The specificity of designed primer pair using 26 various fish species was assessed. The intrinsic detection limit was 10 pg µl(-1) of the present specific DNA. Atlantic herring or Pacific herring allergenic parvalbumins were detected in 22 investigated fish products in conformity with the package declaration. Two fish products were negative in spite of the declaration. The proposed PCR method is specific enough and can be used for the detection of Atlantic and Pacific herrings' major allergen parvalbumin beta 2 in fish food products.

• MeSH
• alergeny analýza   genetika   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• parvalbuminy analýza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• potravinová alergie imunologie   MeSH
• rybí proteiny analýza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• rybí výrobky škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• ryby genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Atlantský oceán MeSH
• Tichý oceán MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alergeny MeSH
• parvalbuminy MeSH
• rybí proteiny MeSH

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potentially pathogenic agents commonly found in natural ecosystems, while food is considered to be another source of NTM for humans. We investigated a total of 92 tissue samples of freshwater fish and fish products: fish directly obtained from ponds (n=25), retail fresh (n=23) and frozen fish (n=23) and smoked fish products (n=21). Culture examination for the presence of mycobacteria was positive in 11 (11.9%) from all the examined samples. The 15 obtained isolates were identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum (n=5), M. immunogenum (n=2), M. phocaicum/ mucogenicum (n=1), M. neoaurum (n=2), M. peregrinum (n=2), M. porcinum (n=1) and M. senegalense/houstonense/conceptionense (n=2). NTM DNA was found in one (4.0%) sample of fresh fish from ponds and in 60.9% and 91.3% of retail fresh and frozen fish, respectively. None of the smoked fish products contained NTM DNA. The results of our study suggest that freshwater fish and fish products, especially retail frozen fish, might be a reservoir of NTM for humans, and proper handling and treatment before consumption of such products is recommended.

• MeSH
• DNA analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• mražené potraviny analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium fortuitum klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Mycobacterium klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• mykobakteriózy mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potraviny konzervované analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   ekonomika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• zdroje nemoci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH

In this study, levels of several groups of environmental contaminants represented by PAHs, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were determined in various types of canned smoked and non-smoked fish and seafood products (54 samples) obtained from the Czech market. PAHs were detected in all of the studied samples, and at least one of the target halogenated persistent organic pollutants was present above the LOQ in 85% of the samples. The levels of PAHs, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides (mainly DDTs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers found in the canned products varied in the range of 1.4-116 µg kg(-1), 0.6-59.6 µg kg(-1), 0.6-82.7 µg kg(-1) and 0.1-2.1 µg kg(-1) can content, respectively. Smoked sprats were the most contaminated fish product (n = 12) in which the highest levels of both PAHs and persistent organic pollutants were found. In 67% of the samples of smoked sprats in oil, the level of benzo[a]pyrene exceeded the maximum level of 5 µg kg(-1) established for smoked fish by European Union legislation. The distribution of target analytes between oil and fish fractions was also assessed. Significantly higher levels of PAHs were measured in the oil fraction.

• MeSH
• halogeny analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické sloučeniny analýza   MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• rybí výrobky analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• halogeny MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• polycyklické sloučeniny MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The toxic cyanobacteria are a serious problem for water supply systems, recreation, and agriculture. Cyanobacteria produce numerous bioactive compounds including microcystins - the most studied cyanobacterial hepatotoxins. Only rare studies addressed realistic situation, i.e. impact of MCs accumulated in the fish tissues on the overall physiology. The aim of the present study was to provide a model simulation of the simple food chain for evaluation of impacts of cyanobacteria on the rat physiology under different exposure scenario. METHODS: Experimental rats were fed with food with fish meat, which contained external additions of isolated microcystins as well as toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis, nontoxic cyanobacteria Arthrospira and green alga Chlorella. Subgroups of the animals were also challenged with a model antigen KLH to investigated immune-related parameters. We studied parameters of oxidative stress in the liver as levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathion levels. Series of hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were also investigated. RESULTS: Although considerable amounts of microcystins were administered to rats, all levels of MCs were under the detection limit (1 ng/g fresh weight) in the rat tissues using tandem LC/MS. Only some conjugates of microcystins with cystein and glutathion were detected in the rat liver exposed to Microcystis biomass (values were around the detection limit). Statistically significant depletion of body and liver weight was observed in groups with microcystin addition in comparison with all other groups. Rats exposed to MCs had stimulated immune system (showed higher antibody answer on administered antigen). Also modulation of some lymphocyte subpopulations was recorded with the most interesting observation of stimulated NK cell numbers in groups exposed to isolated toxins (but not to biomass containing the same toxin amount). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that oral exposure to microcystins in the diet may induce some detoxification responses and modulation of some hematological and immunological parameters.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• laboratorní zvířata * MeSH
• mikrocystiny farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• mořské toxiny farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar * MeSH
• přijímání potravy fyziologie   MeSH
• rybí výrobky toxicita   MeSH
• sinice patogenita   fyziologie   MeSH
• toxiny kmene Cyanobacteria MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• microcystin MeSH Prohlížeč
• mikrocystiny MeSH
• mořské toxiny MeSH
• toxiny kmene Cyanobacteria MeSH