RATIONALE: Self-report studies indicate that cannabis could increase sexual desire in some users. We hypothesized that intoxication increases activation of brain areas responsive to visual erotica, which could be useful in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, a condition marked by a lack of sexual desire. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the aphrodisiacal properties of cannabis. METHODS: We conducted an open-randomized study with 21 heterosexual casual cannabis users. A 3T MRI was used to measure brain activation in response to erotic pictures. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of cannabinoids, cortisol and prolactin. Participants were grouped according to whether they had ever experienced any aphrodisiacal effects during intoxication (Group A) or not (Group non-A). RESULTS: Intoxication was found to significantly increase activation in the right nucleus accumbens in the Group A while significantly decreasing activation in the Group non-A. There was also a significant interaction between the group and intoxication, with elevated prolactin in the Group non-A during intoxication. No intoxication-related differences in subjective picture evaluations were found. CONCLUSION: Cannabis intoxication increases activation of the right nucleus accumbens to erotic stimuli. This effect is limited to users whose prolactin is not elevated in response to intoxication. This effect may be useful in the treatment of low sexual desire.
- Klíčová slova
- Cannabis, Cortisol, Dopamine, Hypoactive sexual desire, Hypothalamus, Nucleus accumbens, Prolactin, fMRI,
- MeSH
- Cannabis metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- erotika MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- hydrokortison krev MeSH
- hypnotika a sedativa MeSH
- kanabidiol krev chemie MeSH
- libido etika fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- nucleus accumbens MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- prolaktin krev MeSH
- tetrahydrokanabinol krev chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- hydrokortison MeSH
- hypnotika a sedativa MeSH
- kanabidiol MeSH
- nabiximols MeSH Prohlížeč
- prolaktin MeSH
- tetrahydrokanabinol MeSH
BACKGROUND: Theta cordance is a novel quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) measure that correlates with cerebral perfusion. A series of clinical studies has demonstrated that the prefrontal theta cordance value decreases after 1 week of treatment in responders to antidepressants and that this effect precedes clinical improvement. Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, has a unique rapid antidepressant effect but its influence on theta cordance is unknown. METHOD: In a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled experiment we studied the acute effect of ketamine (0.54 mg/kg within 30 min) on theta cordance in a group of 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Ketamine infusion induced a decrease in prefrontal theta cordance and an increase in the central region theta cordance after 10 and 30 min. The change in prefrontal theta cordance correlated with ketamine and norketamine blood levels after 10 min of ketamine infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that ketamine infusion immediately induces changes similar to those that monoamineric-based antidepressants induce gradually. The reduction in theta cordance could be a marker and a predictor of the fast-acting antidepressant effect of ketamine, a hypothesis that could be tested in depressive patients treated with ketamine.
- MeSH
- afekt účinky léků MeSH
- anestetika disociativní krev farmakologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- depresivní poruchy farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- elektroencefalografie účinky léků MeSH
- ketamin analogy a deriváty krev farmakologie MeSH
- klinické křížové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prefrontální mozková kůra účinky léků MeSH
- theta rytmus EEG účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anestetika disociativní MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- ketamin MeSH
- norketamine MeSH Prohlížeč
With the increasing number of abused stimulant and psychedelic drugs, along with so called "dance drugs" and "new synthetic drugs" available on the Czech illegal market, there is a need to update methods in toxicological laboratories and therefore it is necessary to develop and optimalize screening and identification procedures for new toxic substances appearing in the laboratory practice. It is well known that relatively popular commercial screening immunoassays have some limits: for instance restricted amount of detectable substances, specificity and sensitivity of detection. Therefore, it is mandatory to combine or complete them with more specific methods based on a different principle. In this paper we have focused on collecting useful analytical data to introduce or complete the system of detection and identification of unknown drugs and their metabolites which can appear in biological samples by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after preparation of relevant acetylated derivatives. The collection of experimental data involves retention indexes and mass spectra of acetylated phenylalkylamines, tryptamines and piperazines and some of their metabolites. These data are fundamental for laboratory diagnostics of drugs of abuse or intoxication and they can be useful for practical application in a number of toxicological laboratories. The mean limit of detection 0.1 ng analyte injected to GC-MS is low enough to allow the method to be successfully applied to real toxicological samples.
- MeSH
- halucinogeny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odhalování abúzu drog * MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí * MeSH
- stimulanty centrálního nervového systému izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- halucinogeny MeSH
- stimulanty centrálního nervového systému MeSH
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Misuse or Abuse and Interpretation of Toxicological Findings The paper presented is a review of important information on gamma-hydroxybutyrate abuse or misuse, its toxicological findings under various circumstances, endogenous concentrations and potentional neoformation, with stressing the difficulties of interpretation which shall be done very carefully.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odhalování abúzu drog * metody MeSH
- oxybát sodný * analýza farmakokinetika otrava MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oxybát sodný * MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- soudní lékařství normy MeSH
- toxikologie metody normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Review presented on the occasion of the significant life jubilee of Prof. J. Tesar, MD, DrSc., 16.12.2002 in the Medical House in Prague deals with the development and application of analytical technologies in toxicological practice in the last fifty years, with demands on decreasing the size of biological samples, detection limits achievable, with possibilities of interpretation deduced from analyses of alternative matrices. The paper also informs about scientific guidelines applied in Europe with attention focused on the reliable detection of illicit drugs in the workplace or drugs and driving. Based on more advanced analytical strategy, more complete and more precise information can be achieved and consequently more perfect interpretation based on objective evidence can be gained and it can comply to "Evidence Based Forensic Toxicology".
- MeSH
- soudní vědy metody trendy MeSH
- toxikologie metody trendy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Antidepressants, particularly tricyclic (TCA) antidepressants, may have cardiotoxic effects, such as cardiac arrhythmias, especially in patients with cardiovascular diseases. For most of TCA, no exact correlation between dosage, plasma levels and changes of ECG parameters of standard ECG has been found. So far, no relationship between dosulepine plasma levels and heart electric field parameters has been studied. We selected 18 female outpatient subjects diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorders, currently in the remission phase (HAMD < 10), without any cardiovascular disease. Patients were treated with daily dosulepine doses of 25-125 mg for 4-8 weeks. 30 heart electric field parameters were analyzed by Cardiag 128.1 diagnostic system as part of BSPM (Body Surface Potential Mapping). Acquired data were correlated with dosulepine plasma levels by means of Spearman's rank order correlation test. Four ECG parameters showed a significant correlation with dosulepine plasma levels: QRS axis deviation in frontal plane (p=0.01), DIAM 40 max (p<0.05), QRS-STT angle in transversal and left sagittal plane (p<0.05). The demonstrated changes confirmed dosulepine influence on the early myocardium depolarization phase and the correlation of this effect with dosulepine dose (its plasma concentration). The higher the dosulepine level, the more marked are the changes of the QRS-STT angle in transversal and sagittal planes and the changes in the QRS axis deviation in frontal plane. Repeatedly recorded changes in the heart electric field were dosulepine-specific and dependent on its plasma levels.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva tricyklická škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- depresivní poruchy farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dothiepin škodlivé účinky krev terapeutické užití MeSH
- elektrokardiografie účinky léků MeSH
- kardiovaskulární fyziologické jevy účinky léků MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování potenciálů tělesného povrchu účinky léků MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- vektorkardiografie účinky léků MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antidepresiva tricyklická MeSH
- dothiepin MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odhalování abúzu drog zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- řízení motorových vozidel zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- soudní lékařství * MeSH
- společnosti lékařské * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Urinary metabolic pattern after the therapeutic peroral dose of dihydrocodeine tartrate to six human volunteers has been explored. Using the GC-MS analytical method, we have found that the major part of the dose administered is eliminated via urine within the first 24 h. However, the analytical monitoring of dihydrocodeine and its metabolites in urine was still possible 72 h after the dose was administered. The dihydrocodeine equivalent amounts excreted in urine in 72 h ranged between 32 and 108% of the dose, on average 62% in all individuals. The major metabolite excreted into urine was a 6-conjugate of dihydrocodeine, then in a lesser amount a 6-conjugate of nordihydrocodeine (both conjugated to approximately 65%). The O-demethylated metabolite dihydromorphine was of a minor amount and was 3,6-conjugated in 85%. Traces of nordihydromorphine and hydrocodone were confirmed as other metabolites of dihydrocodeine in our study. This information can be useful in interpretation of toxicological findings in forensic practice.
- MeSH
- kodein analogy a deriváty moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dihydrocodeine MeSH Prohlížeč
- kodein MeSH
A GC-MS method suitable to conduct practical trace toxicological analyses of various opiates including hydrocodone or hydromorphone is presented both in scan and selected ion monitoring modes. Silylation can be a convenient reaction to derivatize unknown analytes in toxicological samples. However, silylation of drugs with tautomeric keto/enol groups in molecular structure can cause analytical problems due to poor reproducibility of conversion degree. After using N-Methyl-N-trimethyl-silyltrifluoracetamide (MSTFA) acceptable results were achieved.
- MeSH
- hydrokodon analýza MeSH
- hydromorfon analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- narkotika analýza MeSH
- odhalování abúzu drog * MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydrokodon MeSH
- hydromorfon MeSH
- narkotika MeSH
