There is little evidence that the already described and accepted taxa of ascarids (Ascaris lumbricoides, A. suum, and A. ovis) infecting individuals of taxonomically distant groups (hominids, pigs, sheep, goats, and dogs) can be genetically or morphologically distinguished. However, despite described morphological differences, e.g., due to intraspecific variation, these are insufficient for species determination and may indicate differences amongst ascarids because of cross infections, hybrid production, and specific adaptations to hosts. Herein, the results of a molecular and morphological analysis of ascarids parasitising Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827) in native populations are presented. The research took place in the Bukit Lawang area, Indonesia, in 2009. Throughout the year, fresh faecal samples were collected regularly from 24 orangutans, and all were examined for the presence of nematode adults. Only five adult worms from two orangutan females were found during regular collection. Using the integrative taxonomic approach, the nematodes found were identified as A. lumbricoides. The significance of the find and its rarity is documented by the fact that this is the first confirmed finding of adult ascarids from an original orangutan site (not from a zoo) in more than 130 years (including the long-term study spanning the last 20 years focusing on orangutan parasites and natural antiparasitic drugs). More accurate morphometric parameters and genetic differences for the identification of ascarids were established. These parameters will be helpful for other findings in great apes and will also be suitable for further and precise determination of this parasite. The details distinguishing between male and female specimens are also stated and well defined. A comprehensive evaluation of the situation of Ascaris species parasitising orangutans, including a comparison with previously described orangutan parasite (i.e., A. satyri-species inquirenda), is discussed.
An examination of one specimen of Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1768), from Lake Turkana (Kenya), revealed the presence of two ascaridoid nematodes belonging to the genus Dujardinascaris Baylis, 1947. Dujardinascaris madagascariensis Chabaud & Caballero, 1966 was studied by scanning electron microscopy, redescribed, and differentiated from D. dujardini (Travassos, 1920). Dujardinascaris madagascariencsis is the second of the genus to be sequenced. An internal fragment of the small ribosomal subunit and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 region were amplified--the slowly evolving 18S gene region was used for phylogenetic analysis. Molecular data confirmed affinity of D. madagascariensis to the family Heterocheilidae and revealed its closest relationship with D. waltoni. A key to the species of Dujardinascaris parasitizing crocodiles is provided.
- MeSH
- aligátoři a krokodýli parazitologie MeSH
- anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hlístice anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- nematodózy parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- velikost těla MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Keňa MeSH
- Názvy látek
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
Pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) include 52 species parasitising primates throughout the world. In the present study, we performed the first ever molecular analysis to investigate the phylogenetic position of recently described pinworms parasitising the Sumatran orang-utan. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial CO1 and chromosomal 18S rDNA and ITS1 regions could support the independent status of several Nematoda species. Our molecular data clearly suggest that Enterobius (Colobenterobius) buckleyi and Lemuricola (Protenterobius) pongoi together with Pongobius hugoti form separate clades among other studied species, which significantly supports the hypothesis of recently described new species parasitising the orang-utan (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus). The phylogenetic tree based on cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene variability showed possible close relationships between L. (Protenterobius) pongoi and P. hugoti; thus, we can assume that these species could have initially diverged in sympatry from a common ancestor.
- MeSH
- enterobióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- Enterobius klasifikace genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genetické markery MeSH
- intergenová DNA genetika MeSH
- mitochondrie genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Pongo abelii parazitologie MeSH
- Pongo pygmaeus parazitologie MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- vznik druhů (genetika) MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- genetické markery MeSH
- intergenová DNA MeSH
- respirační komplex IV MeSH
Cystacanths of Corynosoma pseudohamanni Zdzitowiecki, 1984 (Palaeacanthocephala: Polymorphidae) are redescribed on the basis of specimens recovered from three species of Antarctic notothenioid fish, Trematomus bernacchii Boulenger, Gobionotothen gibberifrons (Lönnberg) and Notothenia coriiceps Richardson, collected from the Prince Gustav Channel, Antarctica. The cystacanths' morphometry and their internal anatomy including trunk muscles were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characteristic features of this species such as the length of proboscis and the number of hooks (i.e. 260 hooks arranged in 20 rows with 13 hooks each, including two basal hooks) were confirmed and the intraspecific variability was evaluated. Sexual dimorphism was manifested in the shape of the hindtrunk, and the distribution and extent of the somatic armature only. SEM observations of internal anatomy revealed the detailed organization of trunk musculature.
- MeSH
- Acanthocephala anatomie a histologie izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- helmintózy zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- Perciformes parazitologie MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
First-stage larvae of camallanid nematodes Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus (Wedl, 1862) and Procamallanus (Procamallanus) sp. from naturally infected Distichodus niloticus (Hasselquist) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), respectively, from Lake Turkana, Kenya (new geographical records) are described, being for the first time studied by scanning electron microscopy. Larvae of both species are characterised by the presence of a dorsal cephalic tooth, four submedian cephalic papillae and a pair of amphids, and by the elongate tail with several terminal digit-like processes. The latter formations probably serve for the attachment of larvae to the substrate in water when the larvae attract copepod intermediate hosts by their movements; these structures, especially their numbers, may be of taxonomic importance in camallanid nematodes.
- MeSH
- Characiformes parazitologie MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Spirurida parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- jezera MeSH
- larva ultrastruktura MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- Spirurida klasifikace růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- sumci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Keňa MeSH
Blood samples of more than 1,100 passerineform birds of 40 species were investigated for the occurrence of microfilariae. In the year 2005, 3 out of 677 birds of 31 species (prevalence 0.4%) were infected with microfilariae during the post-nesting period. During the pre-nesting period in the year 2007, 11 out of 438 birds of 31 species were infected with microfilariae (prevalence 2.5%). Both the pre-nesting and post-nesting examinations were conducted at the same location in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic. The microfilariae of the Eufilaria delicata and Ornithofilaria mavis species were found in Turdus merula, Turdus philomelos, and Erithacus rubecula (Passeriformes, Turdidae). Single individual of Poecile montanus (Passeriformes, Paridae) was infected with undetermined microfilariae. The morphometric variability of microfilariae found in T. philomelos, E. rubecula, and Poecile montanus were recorded. Infections caused by microfilariae E. delicata were more frequent than infections caused by O. mavis. Seven adult nematodes E. delicata were found in a subcutaneous cyst on the heel joint in one T. philomelos, which is the first record of adult E. delicata nematodes in birds in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- filarióza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- krev parazitologie MeSH
- mikrofilárie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Passeriformes parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
The tapeworm species Bertiella satyri from a semi-wild Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii: Ponginae) is redescribed and the sequence of its 18S rDNA is presented. The tapeworms parasitizing the genera Pan, Pongo, Homo and Hylobates from Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris and from Muséum d´Histoire Naturelle, Genève are also presented. The validity of B. satyri is confirmed. B. satyri (BSA) differs from the most similar species Bertiella studeri (BSTU) in the following characteristics: (1) testes number, BSTU 300-400; BSA 116-124, (2) genital opening, BSTU regularly alternate; BSA irregularly alternate, (3) Cirrus-sac, BSTU short, 0.250-0.320, does not reach excretory ducts; BSA long, 0.630 × 0.495, reaches excretory ducts, (4) egg size, BSTU 0.053-0.060; BSA 0.030-0.051, (5) host BSTU Pan troglodytes, Africa; BSA Pongo pygmaeus, P. abelii, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra). Both species differ according to our material and the name B. satyri (Blanchard, 1891) is resurrected.
- MeSH
- anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- cestodózy parazitologie MeSH
- DNA helmintů chemie genetika MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- nemoci primátů parazitologie MeSH
- Pongo abelii parazitologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indonésie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA helmintů MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH
Ascaridoid nematodes referable to Brevimulticaecum heterotis (Petter, Vassiliadès et Marchand, 1979) Khalil, 1984 were recorded from the intestine of the African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier) (Arapaimidae, Osteoglossiformes), from the Mare Simenti in the Niokolo Koba National Park, East Senegal and from Kosti, Sudan. Their examination using light microscopy and for the first time both environmental scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed some previously unreported morphological features and made possible a detailed redescription of this species. The most important finding is the presence of dentigerous ridges on the inner edges of the lips, which confirms the attribution of this species to Multicaecum Baylis, 1923, where it was originally placed, and not to Brevimulticaecum Mozgovoy in Skryabin, Shikhobalova et Mozgovoy, 1951 where it had subsequently been transferred. A key to Brevimulticaecum and Multicaecum species is provided. Multicaecum heterotis is the first species of the genus to be sequenced. Partial sequences of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) and internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been analysed and compared with other nematode species.
- MeSH
- Ascaridoidea klasifikace genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Ascaridida epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
The present study presents the description of Oochoristica beveridgei n. sp. (Linstowiinae Fuhrmann, 1907). The species was found in the small intestine of Tarentola parvicarinata Joger (Gekkonidae) in East Senegal (West Africa). Among known species of Oochoristica Lühe, 1898, O. beveridgei is most similar to Oochoristica junkea (Johri, 1950) Schmidt, 1986, found in Gekko gecko (Linnaeus) from India. A common feature of both species is the location of the cirrus sac, which lies anterior to the poral part of the ovary. The new species differs from O. junkea in having a higher number of testes, different testes arrangement, wider cirrus sac, and a different shape of ovary. The position of the cirrus sac in O. beveridgei is also similar to that found in Oochoristica gallica Dollfus, 1954, whose host is Psammodromus hispanicus Fitzinger (Lacertidae) from Morocco. The new species differs from O. gallica in that it possesses fewer testes and that these testes have a different arrangement. The location of the cirrus sac in O. beveridgei is also similar to that seen in Oochoristica bivitellolobata Loewen, 1940, whose host is Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Linnaeus) (Teiidae) from the United States. The latter species has a higher number of testes, with only half of the cirrus sac located anterior to the poral part of the ovary, and possesses a divided vitellarium.
- MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- cestodózy epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- ještěři parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- tenké střevo parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Senegal epidemiologie MeSH
A one-month chronic exposure of common carp larvae and embryos to nitrite revealed significant (p < 0.01) differences in total accumulated mortality in fish exposed to 33, 67, and 330 mg/L NO(2)(-) compared with controls. At the highest concentration, all fish died within 8 d of exposure. On the basis of accumulated mortality in the experimental groups, lethal concentrations of nitrite were estimated at 29 d LC50 = 88 mg/L NO(2)(-); lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) = 28 mg/L NO(2)(-); and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) = 7 mg/L NO(2)(-). Fulton's condition factor values were significantly lower in fish from all experimental groups compared with controls. By day 12, fish exposed to 33 and 67 mg/L NO(2)(-) had significantly lower mass and total length compared with controls. No significant negative effects of nitrite at the concentrations tested (0.7-330 mg/L NO(2)(-), at 10 mg/L Cl(-)) on hatching or embryo viability were demonstrated, but significant differences in early ontogeny among groups were noted. Fish from all the concentrations showed a dose-related delay in development compared with the controls. Lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, and body shortening were observed at all concentrations and in controls, as was yolk sac deformation and edema, eye deformation, and cardiac edema. The incidence of these malformations was positively correlated with nitrite concentration. Histopathology revealed epidermal spongiosis; edema and hyperplasia of the gill epithelium, including hypertrophy and hyperplasia of eosinophilic granular cells (chloride cells); and interstitial edema of skeletal muscle in fish exposed to 67 mg/L NO(2)(-). Similar, but milder, changes were observed at lower nitrite concentrations.
- MeSH
- abnormality vyvolané léky MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- dusitany toxicita MeSH
- embryo nesavčí účinky léků MeSH
- kapři embryologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- dusitany MeSH
