The effect of hypodynamia during 9, 30, 60 and 90 days on the striated muscle m. gastrocnemius in Japanese quails was studied. We have found different developed dystrophic changes of mitochondria, myofibrils and sarcotubular system. Changes of the studied tissue caused by hypodynamia in the first two groups (9 and 30 days hypodynamy) are the reaction to stress and developing situation. Gradually Japanese quails have come up to the influence of the hypodynamia (60 days hypodynamia). In the last experimental group deposit changes were observed (90 days hypodynamia). In comparison with control group we have found perturbations considered as non-specific, short-term and reversible.
- MeSH
- Coturnix MeSH
- imobilizace * MeSH
- kosterní svaly ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ten selected strains of enterococci and staphylococci were isolated from the crop and caecum of Japanese quails exposed to microgravity conditions. Isolates were allotted to the species Enterococcus gallinarum, Ent. avium, Ent. faecium, Staphylococcus gallinarum and Staph. aureus. Isolated strains were facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, Gram-positive cocci, occurring in pairs, short chains or irregular clusters. Isolates utilized most of the soluble sugars tested and produced bacteriocin-like substances. Enterococci and staphylococci were resistant to monensin (50 mg/l) and sensitive to tylosin and virginiamycin (10 mg/l).
- MeSH
- bakteriociny metabolismus MeSH
- cékum mikrobiologie MeSH
- Coturnix mikrobiologie MeSH
- Enterococcus účinky léků izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- Staphylococcus účinky léků izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- stav beztíže * MeSH
- vole ptačí mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bakteriociny MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
An experiment was conducted on Japanese quail and hen hatching eggs that had been incubated, and the embryos were subjected to hypergravitation of 10 G for 10 min on days 1 to 9 of embryonic development. Both the experimental group and the control contained each 20 hatching eggs every day of the experiment (360 eggs in total). A centrifuge of the diameter 1,300 mm was used to create overload (hypergravitation) at the speed of 118 rotations per min. Tab. I shows the layout of the experiment. Embryonic mortality in Japanese quail was investigated during incubation by egg candling on days 1 to 8 and 9 to 14 while suffocated embryos were investigated on days 15 to 17. As for chicks, embryonic mortality was determined by egg candling on days 1 to 8 and 9 to 18, suffocated embryos were determined on days 19 to 21. After incubation was terminated, hatchability in per cent of the fertilized eggs was determined. The results were processed in two stages of development: the first stage days 1 to 5, the second stage days 6 to 9. As can be seen in Fig. 1, hypergravitation did not influence the hatchability of quail eggs in the first stage. But this experimental treatment resulted in a steep fall of hatchability in the second stage of observation in comparison with the control group (the difference is significant P < 0.01). Fig. 2 shows hatchability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- Coturnix embryologie MeSH
- hypergravitace * MeSH
- kuřecí embryo fyziologie MeSH
- ptáci embryologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Quantitative ultrastructural myocardial changes of myocardium of the japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were studied during an immobilization stress (hypodynamia) lasting 9, 30, 60 and 90 days. Hypodynamic quails were fixed by waistcoats to the feeding place simulating conditions of long lasting space flight which the quails were determined for. The surveyed morphological parametres were: mitochondrial rate, mitochondrial volume in % of cytoplasm, volume of myofibres in % of cytoplasm, volume of single mitochondria, extent of cristolysis. Progressive mitochondrial hydratation and even local oedema were observed during the experiment. It led to a progressive increase of mitochondrial volume and simultaneous decrease of volume of myofilaments as a sign of intracellular atrophy of myofibres. The results correlated well with a decreased mass of myofibres observed in experimental quails from space flight on the orbital station MIR.
- MeSH
- Coturnix MeSH
- fyziologický stres patologie MeSH
- imobilizace * MeSH
- myokard ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines which are generally required for animal cell proliferation. Because of many different stimuli changing the activity of ODC, the effect of hypergravity on muscle ODC activity in Japanese quail was investigated. Adult Japanese quail cockerels were exposed to 2G in the centrifuge permanently for 96 hours. The activity of ODC was determined by radioisotopic method in supernatant of homogenised breast and fibular muscles (m. pectoralis minor, m.superficialis fibularis). The activity of ODC was higher in breast muscle than in the fibular muscle in both, control and experimental groups. Exposition of quail to hypergravity evokes approximately 2 fold increase of ODC activity in both breast and fibular muscles. The results suggest that 96 hours of permanent hypergravitation (2G) caused activation of polyamine synthesis and their involvement in biochemical processes of adaptation to hypergravity.
- MeSH
- centrifugace MeSH
- Coturnix metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- hypergravitace * MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- ornithindekarboxylasa metabolismus MeSH
- polyaminy metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- ornithindekarboxylasa MeSH
- polyaminy MeSH
The amplitude of the electrical activity of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) and lateral hypothalamic area (LH) was evaluated in rats after 24-hr food deprivation to determine the effects of the diet they had received before fasting. Bioelectrical potentials were registered by means of monopolar electrodes. In rats after 24-hr food deprivation an increase in the absolute values of the amplitude of the electrical activity of the VMH and LH was found; this effect was more pronounced in the LH. Comparing the amplitude of the electrical activity of the VMH and LH, we found it to be always higher in the VMH in ad libitum fed rats, while in 24-hr food-deprived rats the electrical activity was always higher in the LH. The extent of changes depended on the diet the rats had received before fasting--they were most marked in rats fed on a high-protein diet and less marked in rats fed on either a standard or a high-fat diet before food deprivation.
- MeSH
- area hypothalamica lateralis patofyziologie MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- elektrofyziologie MeSH
- hypotalamus střední patofyziologie MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- neurony fyziologie MeSH
- potravinová deprivace fyziologie MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- draslík moč MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace veterinární MeSH
- natriuréza * MeSH
- omezení příjmu potravy * MeSH
- osmolární koncentrace MeSH
- ovce moč MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- draslík MeSH
A relationship between the genetic markers of blood (blood groups, serum polymorphic proteins) and the clinico-chemical parameters was studied in the dairy cows of the Slovak Pied breed. Antigens belonging to systems A, B, C, F, S, R, T, Z and the polymorphic traits genetically controlled from loci Tf, Cp, Am and Hb were identified in all the animals subjected to testing. The values of the parameters of acid-base balance and concentration of 13 metabolic components were repeatedly determined in the experimental period. The results of the F-test indicated that there were no significant differences in the values of any of the tested parameters between the phenotypes of the A, J, Am, Tf and Cp systems. Of the 21 parameters tested, statistically significant differences were found in 11 parameters between some alleles of the C, FV, T, Z and Hb systems.
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha MeSH
- antigeny krevních skupin MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- hemoglobiny analýza MeSH
- krevní proteiny analýza MeSH
- laktace MeSH
- skot krev genetika MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot krev genetika MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny krevních skupin MeSH
- hemoglobiny MeSH
- krevní proteiny MeSH
Urea excretion was studied in an experiment with two sheep breeds (steppe fat-tailed and merino) on the second day of fasting when the urea concentration in blood increases in fasting animals. The control group in the two breeds was given free-choice feed and water while fasting sheep were given ad libitum only water. Diuresis in both breeds was steady during the experiment. Glomerular filtration rate was not found to vary, in comparison with the control, although the plasma urea concentration rose in fat-tailed sheep (P less than 0.01) as well as in the sheep of merino breed (P less than 0.001). Fractional excretion of urea decreased in fat-tailed sheep (P less than 0.05) and also in the sheep of merino breed (P less than 0.02) while total output of urea remained steady in fat-tailed sheep but it increased in merino sheep (P less than 0.02). Tubular reabsorption of urea on the second day of fasting was observed to be higher by 65% in merino sheep (P less than 0.001), but in steppe fat-tailed sheep the increase was much higher--by up to 180% (P less than 0.001), in comparison with the control. It was demonstrated by the results that the increased tubular reabsorption of urea contributes to the rise of plasma urea concentration in sheep on the second day of fasting.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- močovina krev moč MeSH
- omezení příjmu potravy * MeSH
- ovce krev moč MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- močovina MeSH
Experiments were performed with young two-humped camels exposed to 36-hour starvation with free access to water. The renal functions were measured by the standard clearance method. In spite of the administration of 20 micrograms DDAVP, a higher urine flow rate was recorded in the camels subjected to control measurements (feed intake) than in the fasting period (1.45 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.06 ml . min-1, P less than less than 0.001). On the second day of fasting the camels had a significantly reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR 317.5 +/- 23.2 vs. 170.2 +/- 17.4 ml . min-1, P less than 0.001), urea output (700.5 +/- 62.9 vs. 352.2 +/- 64.7 mumol . min-1, P less than 0.005), and fractional excretion of urea (26.9 +/- 2.8 vs. 17.9 +/- 1.7%, P less than 0.01), whereas their tubular resorption. of urea (Reab urea/GFR) increased (6.28 +/- 0.61 vs. 9.12 +/- 0.82 mumol . ml-1, P less than 0.02). No significant difference was found in the concentration of urea in plasma in the fed camels and in fasting camels (8.55 +/- 0.64 vs. 11.18 +/- 1.09 mmol . l-1, N. S.). The creatinine inulin clearance ratio (C creat/Cin) was 0.92 +/- 0.07 when the animals were fed and 1.17 +/- 0.05 when the animals starved (P less than 0.001); this suggests that the clearance of endogenous creatinine is not suitable for GFR measurement in camels under different conditions of nutrition. The kidneys of camels regulate the excretion of urea during short-time fasting mainly through the reduction of glomerular filtration rate and just partly through an increased tubular resorption.
- MeSH
- hodnoty glomerulární filtrace veterinární MeSH
- močovina moč MeSH
- omezení příjmu potravy * MeSH
- velbloudi fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- močovina MeSH
