The lack of data on the chronic effects of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites on non-target aquatic organisms creates a gap in knowledge about the comprehensive impacts of excessive and repeated pesticide use. Therefore, this study evaluates the long-term effects of propachlor ethanolic sulfonic acid (PROP-ESA) after 10 (T1) and 20 (T2) days at the environmental level of 3.5 μg.L-1 (E1) and its 10x fold multiply 35 μg.L-1 (E2) on a model organism Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the effects of PROP-ESA usually showed a time- and dose-dependent trend, especially in its amount in soft mussel tissue. The bioconcentration factor increased from T1 to T2 in both exposure groups - from 2.12 to 5.30 in E1 and 2.32 to 5.48 in E2. Biochemical haemolymph profile and haemocyte viability were not affected by PROP-ESA exposure. In addition, the viability of digestive gland (DG) cells decreased only in E2 compared to control and E1 after T1. Moreover, malondialdehyde levels increased in E2 after T1 in gills, and DG, superoxidase dismutase activity and oxidatively modified proteins were not affected by PROP-ESA. Histopathological observation showed several damages to gills (e.g., increased vacuolation, over-production of mucus, loss of cilia) and DG (e.g., growing haemocyte trend infiltrations, alterations of tubules). This study revealed a potential risk of chloroacetanilide herbicide, propachlor, via its primary metabolite in the Bivalve bioindicator species M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, considering the possibility of the biomagnification effect, the most prominent threat poses the ability of PROP-ESA to be accumulated in edible mussel tissues. Therefore, future research about the toxicity of pesticide metabolites alone or their mixtures is needed to gain comprehensive results about their impacts on living non-target organisms.

• Klíčová slova
• Cell viability, Chloroacetanilide, Cytotoxicity, Histology, Mollusca, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• acetamidy toxicita   metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus   MeSH
• herbicidy * metabolismus   MeSH
• Mytilus * metabolismus   MeSH
• žábry metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide MeSH Prohlížeč
• acetamidy MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• herbicidy * MeSH
• propachlor MeSH Prohlížeč

Thiacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely exploited in agriculture and easily mobilized towards aquatic environments by atmospheric agents. However, little information about its toxicological effects on aquatic invertebrate bioindicators is available. In this study, specimens of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to thiacloprid at environmental (4.5 μg L-1) and 100 times higher than environmental (450 μg L-1) concentrations for 20 days. Thiacloprid affected haemolymph biochemical parameters, cell viability in the digestive gland, antioxidant biomarkers and lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland and gills at environmentally relevant concentrations (4.5 μg L-1). In addition, thiacloprid exposure caused histological damage to the digestive gland and gills. Interestingly, the pesticide was detected at levels equal to 0.14 ng g-1 in the soft tissues of sentinels exposed for 20 days to 450 μg L-1 thiacloprid in seawaterμ. Due to its harmful potential and cumulative effects after long-term exposure of M. galloprovincialis, thiacloprid may pose a potential risk to nontarget aquatic organisms, as well as to human health. This aspect requires further in-depth investigation.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioaccumulation, Biomarkers, Insecticide, Invertebrates, Toxicity,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mytilus * MeSH
• neonikotinoidy toxicita   MeSH
• thiaziny * toxicita   MeSH
• žábry MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• neonikotinoidy MeSH
• thiacloprid MeSH Prohlížeč
• thiaziny * MeSH