Schizophrenia has a profound influence on the real-life functioning of patients. There are several factors inherent to the disease course affecting the level of psychosocial functioning. Our study focused on the impact of cognitive deficit and severity of negative symptoms (i.e., the experiential domain (avolition, asociality, and anhedonia) and the expressive domain (blunted affect and alogia)) to explore psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients (n = 211) were tested for the presence of cognitive impairment using the NIMH-MATRICS: Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Consensus Cognitive Cattery (MCCB; MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery) and the extent of negative symptoms using the PANSS (PANSS; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-selected items). The level of psychosocial functioning was measured with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). The path analysis using three regression models was used to analyse variables influencing psychosocial functioning (PSP). One of these models analyzed influence of cognitive functioning (MCCB) and negative schizophrenia symptoms (PANSS selected items reflecting expressive and experiential deficits) as predictors and NART/CRT and disease length as confounders. R2 was 0.54. The direct effect of the MCCB (β = 0.09) on the PSP was suppressed by the strong effect of the negative symptoms (β = -0.64). The presence of cognitive deficits and negative symptoms in our sample of schizophrenia patients significantly influences the level of their psychosocial functioning, a key factor in remission and recovery.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We demonstrate the feasibility of lowering the seizure threshold using a combined approach of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation. High-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the supplementary motor area shortly before each electroconvulsive treatment session resulted in a reduction of the seizure threshold by half in a male patient with a severe psychotic depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder.
- Klíčová slova
- Adverse effect, Lowering seizure threshold, RUL ECT, TMS pre-stimulation, Ultra-brief pulse,
- MeSH
- bipolární porucha komplikace terapie MeSH
- elektrokonvulzívní terapie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transkraniální magnetická stimulace metody MeSH
- záchvaty patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
It is suggested that limited access to appropriate care forces psychiatric patients towards forensic treatment or to the prison system. According to our data, the number of prisoners, the number of hospitalized psychiatric patients (from 1987 to 2007), the number of court ordered forensic treatments in the Czech Republic (from 1991 to 2007), and the rate of people in psychiatric and sex offender forensic treatment has remained constant. However, an increase (162%) in number of treatments imposed for abusing illicit drugs did occur during this period. This increase contributed to the correlation between both the number of sentences given for protective treatment and the number of all sentenced persons (Pearson cor. 0.647, p < 0,001) and the number of prisoners (Pearson cor. 0.798, p < 0,001). The analysis of all admissions to a forensic facility from a catchment area of 1,260,318 inhabitants shows no increase in number of admission between 2002 and 2007. The same data prove that the number of patients ordered to psychiatric and sexology treatment remained steady and did not reflect changes in the number of prisoners or number of hospitalized patients. This could be explained by a high number of psychiatric hospitalizations protecting the patients from deteriorating to criminal behaviour.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus epidemiologie rehabilitace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy epidemiologie rehabilitace MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lůžková kapacita nemocnice statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- násilí zákonodárství a právo statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie rehabilitace MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sexuální delikty zákonodárství a právo statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- týmová péče o pacienty statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- vězni zákonodárství a právo statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zločin zákonodárství a právo statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- zodpovědnost duševně nemocného zákonodárství a právo statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
We tested a hypothesis that a long-term administration of antidepressants acting through different primary biochemical mechanisms is associated with changes in the platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) transport. Laboratory rats were administered norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (desipramine, maprotiline), selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (citalopram), reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (moclobemide), and lithium (inositol monophosphatase inhibitor among others) during a 4-week period. Apparent kinetic parameters of platelet 5-HT transport were analyzed. Significant decrease in apparent Michaelis constant (K(M)) was found after the administration of all tested antidepressants except for desipramine. There was certain increase in maximal velocity (V(max)) values following the administration of desipramine, maprotiline, and citalopram; however, the all V(max) changes were not significant. V(max)/K(M) ratio representing limiting permeability at low extracellular concentrations of 5-HT was systematically increased in all the tested drugs, but significant changes were occurred only in maprotiline- and citalopram-treated rats. Adaptive changes in platelet 5-HT transport induced by citalopram were opposite to the acute inhibitory effect of this drug on 5-HT transporter activity. An increase in limiting membrane permeability for 5-HT could be included in the common adaptive effect of the long-term administration of antidepressants that differ in pharmacologic selectivity.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- metabolická clearance účinky léků MeSH
- muži MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- serotonin farmakokinetika MeSH
- trombocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antidepresiva MeSH
- serotonin MeSH
