OBJECTIVES: Patients are the most common source of violence against EMS personnel. This study aims at elucidating specific clinical features in patients with mental alteration and aggressive behaviour increasing risk of violence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This consecutive cross-sectional retrospective study analysed consecutive patients treated for prespecified list of primary diagnoses by one EMS provider in the Czech Republic between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2023. The effect of individual features of medical history and present symptoms on the occurrence of violence, need for the Police assistance and use of restraints was evaluated, using linear regression model. RESULTS: 410 patients were evaluated. Verbal and brachial violence was present in 21.5 and 12.9 %, respectively. Police assistance was needed in 48.3 %, restraints were used in 4.6 %. The most significant predictor for violence, need for Police or restraints was agitation (OR 7.02, CI 4.14 - 11.90; OR 2.60, CI 1.60 - 4.24, OR 11.02, CI 3.49 - 34.80 respectively). Other predictors of violence included history of acute psychotic attacks and psychotic disorders, or outpatient psychiatry care. Among other predictors for Police assistance was presence of delusions, paranoia and history of outpatient psychiatry care. CONCLUSION: Prehospital care for patients with mental status alteration and aggressive behaviour is complex. Some clinical features seem to increase the risk of violence. Future research in the evaluation of agitated and violent patients is warranted to find strategies of risk mitigation for EMS personnel.

• MeSH
• agrese * psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• fyzické omezení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• násilí statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• policie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• urgentní zdravotnické služby * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to test the hypothesis that physical interpersonal violence is decreased during the lockdown period in comparison with comparable control periods. The secondary aims were to explore the effects of gender and alcohol consumption on the violence during the lockdown. METHODS: Nationwide records of hospitalizations secondary to an assault were analyzed using quasipoisson regression. Assault rates in two lockdown periods, defined as a national emergency state, were compared to baseline data between 2017 and 2020, controlling for seasonal fluctuations and pandemic-related effects other than lockdown. To validate the findings on independent data, differences between lockdown and baseline in Police records of violent criminality between 2017 and 2021 were examined using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The rates of hospitalizations secondary to an assault decreased substantially during lockdowns (IRR = .43; P < .001) and the duration of lockdown did not affect assault rates (P = .07). The decrease in assault rates was more pronounced in males than females (IRR = .77; P < .05) and was weakened in patients with history of alcohol abuse (IRR = 1.83; P < .001). Violent crime rate decreased by 19% during the lockdowns compared to prepandemic baseline (P < .001). CONCLUSION: We found that physical interpersonal violence decreased during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. The reduction is significantly greater in males. Emerging evidence suggests an increased risk of alcohol use and intoxication during the lockdowns. Violent crime rate decreased during the lockdown.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, aggression, alcohol, crime, lockdown, violence, women,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• karanténa psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• registrace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Objectives: To explore the association of family-related adversities with physical fighting, and whether this association is mediated by hopelessness. Methods: The sample consisted of 3712 Slovak adolescents (mean age: 13.9, 50.7% girls). Participants answered questions regarding experienced family-related adversities, involvement in physical fighting in the last 12 months and the Hopelessness Questionnaire. First, the association of family adversities in general with fighting and of each of family-related adversity separately was assessed using linear regression models and second, mediation was assessed using the a*b product method with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals Results: Adolescents who had experienced at least one family adversity reported more frequent fighting. Similarly, each of reported family adversities (death of a parent, substance abuse problems of a parent, conflicts/physical fights, divorce) was associated with more frequent fighting among adolescents. The mediation effect of hopelessness was found in each association of family-related adversity with fighting. Conclusion: These findings suggest that interventions to support adolescents who had experienced family adversities could among other things be directed at better coping with hopelessness.

• Klíčová slova
• HBSC study, adolescents, family-related adversities, fighting, hopelessness,
• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
• chování mladistvých * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• naděje MeSH
• násilí * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the associations between participation in organized leisure-time activities (OLTA) and risk behaviors, and whether the associations differed by gender, age, and pattern of OLTA involvement. METHODS: Data from the 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study on 10,279 11-, 13-, and 15-year-old Czech adolescents (49.2% boys) were used. We assessed the associations between OLTA participation and risk behaviors, and modification by age and gender. RESULTS: OLTA participants were less likely to smoke, get drunk repeatedly, or skip school and, in contrast, more likely to get injured and fight repeatedly. The associations with lower occurrence of risk behaviors were the strongest for artists, while none was significant for adolescents participating only in team sports. Girls participating in OLTA had lower odds to smoke, get drunk, or skip school than boys, and these boys had higher odds to get injured or fight. CONCLUSIONS: OLTA participation is associated with lower occurrence of repeated substance use and truancy and inversely with higher odds for physical fights and injuries. Girls, in general, are at lower risk when participating in OLTA than boys.

• Klíčová slova
• Adolescents, Bullying, Extracurricular activities, Substance use, Truancy, Violence,
• MeSH
• absentérství MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• násilí statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   MeSH
• rány a poranění epidemiologie   MeSH
• riskování * MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• školy MeSH
• sporty MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Violent behaviour can be a presenting sign of first-episode psychosis. Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been a focus of attention because it is a potentially modifiable factor that may influence outcome. AIMS: The aim was to review the literature addressing the following issues: prevalence of violence or aggression in the first episode of psychosis, violence or aggression during the periods before and after the initiation of treatment, the DUP and relation between DUP and the level of violence or aggression in first-episode psychosis. METHODS: MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for articles using the combination of key words 'aggression' (limited to humans) and 'first episode' and 'psychosis'. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of violent behaviour in the first episode of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia, is greater than during the later stages of the illness. First-episode psychosis is associated with an increased risk of homicide. There is some limited support for an effect of DUP length on serious violence or aggression. Violent behaviour frequently develops before the onset of first episode. Substance use disorders are additional factors that elevate the risk for violence in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier treatment of first episode psychosis might prevent some homicides. Personality factors and substance abuse may be more important than psychotic symptoms in the development of aggressive behaviour in patients with first-episode psychosis.

• MeSH
• agrese psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• násilí psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• poruchy osobnosti psychologie   MeSH
• psychotické poruchy psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• schizofrenie (psychologie) MeSH
• vražda psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

It is suggested that limited access to appropriate care forces psychiatric patients towards forensic treatment or to the prison system. According to our data, the number of prisoners, the number of hospitalized psychiatric patients (from 1987 to 2007), the number of court ordered forensic treatments in the Czech Republic (from 1991 to 2007), and the rate of people in psychiatric and sex offender forensic treatment has remained constant. However, an increase (162%) in number of treatments imposed for abusing illicit drugs did occur during this period. This increase contributed to the correlation between both the number of sentences given for protective treatment and the number of all sentenced persons (Pearson cor. 0.647, p < 0,001) and the number of prisoners (Pearson cor. 0.798, p < 0,001). The analysis of all admissions to a forensic facility from a catchment area of 1,260,318 inhabitants shows no increase in number of admission between 2002 and 2007. The same data prove that the number of patients ordered to psychiatric and sexology treatment remained steady and did not reflect changes in the number of prisoners or number of hospitalized patients. This could be explained by a high number of psychiatric hospitalizations protecting the patients from deteriorating to criminal behaviour.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus epidemiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy epidemiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lůžková kapacita nemocnice statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• násilí zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sexuální delikty zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• týmová péče o pacienty statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• vězni zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zločin zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• zodpovědnost duševně nemocného zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The main aim of the present study is to analyze the opinion of pupils, families and teachers in four European countries (Spain, Hungary, Austria and the Czech Republic) on the prevalence of violent behavior and other problematic aspects related to coexistence in schools, and on the way in which individuals are personally affected by them. For this purpose, a single instrument was used. From the results obtained it emerges, first of all, that there are significant differences depending on who is analyzing the school problems. Generally, families perceive the problems analyzed as less common and feel less affected by them personally. Hungary was considered to be the country with the lowest levels of school violence. Pupils indicate their concern about the high levels of lack of motivation or boredom, whilst teachers are more preoccupied about the serious problems of coexistence, due in particular to the presence or use of weapons and drugs and to intercultural conflicts.

• MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• násilí psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• nuda MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rodiče psychologie   MeSH
• sociální problémy psychologie   MeSH
• sociální prostředí * MeSH
• srovnání kultur * MeSH
• studenti psychologie   MeSH
• vyučování * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have reported increased violence in patients with schizophrenia. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of violence among those with schizophrenia in samples from 1949, 1969, 1989 and 2000 in Prague (Czech Republic) and to examine trends in this behaviour. METHOD: Records from 404 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were screened for violence (defined as 3 points on the Modified Overt Aggression Scale) from the first observed psychotic symptoms until the time of latest available information. RESULTS: Logistic regression revealed a marginally significant increase in violence only in the 2000 cohort. Overall, violence was associated with schizophrenia in 41.8% of men and 32.7% of women, with no association between substance misuse and violence. CONCLUSIONS: The violence rate found in our sample is expected to remain stable over time under stable conditions. Substance misuse is not the leading cause of violence among those with schizophrenia.

• MeSH
• délka pobytu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• diagnóza dvojí (psychiatrie) MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• oběti zločinu psychologie   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• schizofrenie (psychologie) * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Violence is an urgent problem concerning society as a whole. If chronobiological changes of human aggressiveness existed, it would be possible to foresee them and when an increased incidence is expected it would be perhaps possible to use preventive measures. METHODS AND RESULTS: The author processed data on 2447 aggressive acts of violence and 1028 completed suicides (aggression against oneself) on the territory of the former South Moravian region according to a weekly, annual and lunar rhythm and in relation to sudden climatic changes. The most remarkable finding is that the impulsive bodily harm (usually without economic or sexual motivation) is very closely associated with sudden climatic changes, while burglary and rape do not depend on climatic changes and their frequency correlates with the semilunar rhythm (there are two peaks during lunation), similarly as the frequency of sudden cardiovascular deaths. In suicides the frequency changes, with certain exceptions, similarly as the incidence of impulsive intentional bodily assault. In general close to the phase of full moon aggressiveness is significantly reduced and not increased, as was and still is believed by mistake, based on few observations and impressions. CONCLUSIONS: The assessed periodicities differentiate types of aggressive behaviour, prove the possibility of prediction of an increase of the mean incidence and provide thus a basis for estimation of the time and type of increased aggressiveness. It is thus possible to introduce preventive measures.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• meteorologické pojmy * MeSH
• násilí statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• periodicita * MeSH
• sebevražda statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zločin statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH