Intimate partner violence (IPV) among university students is a prevalent problem in many countries; however, it is not currently recognized in Kosovo as a social issue in terms of research, prevention, and intervention. The aim of this article was to examine the relationship between violence socialization experiences, approval of violence, and IPV perpetration/victimization among university students in Kosovo. The questionnaires were administrated to a convenience sample of 700 students of University of Prishtina who were in relationship for 1 month or longer. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) was used for measuring physical, psychological, and sexual violence, whereas for measuring violence socialization and violence approval, scales from Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP) were used. Findings from this study show that there were statistically significant gender differences in terms of socialization and approval of violence among university students. Similarly, perpetrators and victims of IPV (physical, psychological, and sexual violence) showed higher rates of socialization of violence and tolerance toward IPV. Besides, findings indicate that approval of violence mediates the relationship between socialization of violence and IPV perpetration and victimization, for both genders. The implications of the current findings within a cultural context are also discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• dating violence, domestic violence, intergenerational transmission of trauma, violence exposure,
• MeSH
• analýza mediace MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• násilí mezi partnery psychologie   MeSH
• násilí psychologie   MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• socializace * MeSH
• sociální chování * MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kosovo epidemiologie   MeSH

Background: Data on Roma women's experience of violence from their male partners are very scarce. We explored the process of actual domestic violence against Roma women, the threat of violence and its health consequences. We further focused on barriers in the availability of specialized support services aimed at eliminating domestic violence. Methods: The sample included 20 Roma women living throughout Slovakia: scattered among the majority (45.0%), in crisis centers and sheltered houses (40.0%), and in segregated Roma settlements (15.0%). Data were obtained through qualitative research by means of semi-structured interviews in 20 individual case studies. All 20 women had experienced a combination of violence: physical, psychological and economic, all of them connected with social isolation. Results: Prevailing gender stereotypes are a precondition of domestic violence against women, regardless of their status. Violence against Roma women resulted in several health consequences, and all of the 20 women suffered from these. Most of them reported general psychological problems (75%), among which anxiety and depression (25%), headache (25%), weight loss (10%) and health problems connected with motor activity (5%). The barriers include lack of awareness among Roma women of any specialised support services and the absence of such services for abused women in the region. Conclusions: Domestic violence results in serious psychological and physical health consequences. Violence elimination is generally set up without a specific ethnic or gender approach. Disregard of these specifics can lead to deepening of the uneven position of Roma women within the family, community and society, and the acceptance of violence against Roma women.

• Klíčová slova
• Roma women, handicaps, health consequences, intimate partner violence,
• MeSH
• domácí násilí * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí mezi partnery * MeSH
• Romové * MeSH
• sexuální partneři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The negative effects of community violence exposure on child and adolescent mental health are well documented and exposure to community violence has been linked both to a number of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Our aim was, therefore, to investigate cross-cultural and gender differences in the relationship between community violence exposure and substance abuse. A self-report survey was conducted among 10,575, 12-18 year old adolescents in three different countries, Czech Republic (N = 4537), Russia (N = 2377) and US (N = 3661). We found that in all three countries both substance use and problem behavior associated with it increased similarly along with severity of violence exposure and this association was not gender-specific. It was concluded that in spite of the differences in the levels of violence exposure and substance use cross-culturally and by gender, the pattern of their association is neither culturally nor gender bound.

• Klíčová slova
• Adolescents, Community violence exposure, Gender, Substance use,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genderová identita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• násilí psychologie   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek komplikace   MeSH
• srovnání kultur * MeSH
• vystavení násilí psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rusko MeSH

Research on gender-based violence describes domestic violence by male partners as a major public health issue and serious human rights violation. Many studies have been conducted in Kosovo to understand the factors that contribute to violence against women. The present study aims to examine the experiences of battered women and their understanding of the violence from an ecological framework, by asking questions regarding personal, situational, and socio-cultural factors. The study is qualitative, consisting of 50 in-depth interviews with victims of domestic violence, and uses a grounded theory approach to identify main themes of the women's experiences. Findings from the study suggest that poverty, a patriarchal culture, strictly defined gender roles, and lack of programs for reintegrating victims subordinate women and leave them susceptible to domestic violence.

• Klíčová slova
• domestic violence, patriarchal culture, victims, violent experiences,
• MeSH
• bité ženy psychologie   MeSH
• domácí násilí etnologie   psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kosovo etnologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex phenomenon and some research suggests that there are qualitatively distinct IPV types. However, little is known about the risk factors associated with different IPV types. METHODS: Data from Violence against women: an European Union (EU)-wide survey, conducted by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights was used. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify distinct IPV patterns based on the intensity of eight forms of violence by current partners (n=30 675). Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to examine individual and country-level risk factors associated with the outcome IPV patterns. RESULTS: A five-class solution was selected based on the LCA results. Two classes encompassed severe coercive IPV: the intimate terrorism class (1.5%) also comprised extensive physical violence whereas the high coercive control class (2.0%) did not. The partner's alcohol abuse, violent behaviour outside the relationship and the woman's abuse in childhood were the main individual factors positively associated with IPV. The country's gender equality levels were negatively associated with the odds of experiencing intimate terrorism (adjusted OR, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.56) and high coercive control (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.85) versus no IPV. Although the effects of most individual risk factors were found universally for all IPV patterns, the strongest associations were typically revealed for the intimate terrorism pattern. CONCLUSION: The results support the importance of coercive control as a factor differentiating between IPV types and also highlight the need to consider IPV typologies in research. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• gender, multilevel modelling, public health, violence,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí mezi partnery * MeSH
• násilí MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuální partneři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The issue of domestic violence is neglected in current medical practice and the dia-gnosis associated with it thus escapes the attention of medical professionals. In this case report, we demonstrate rare and typical diseases of abused women, which should become warning signs for physicians (red flags) and lead them to screen domestic violence and intervene early. Failure to recognize domestic abuse as the cause of chronic health problems leads to lasting consequences and economically and personally burdens the health care system. Healthcare professionals of all specialties encounter abused women during their clinical practice and can thus actively participate in the prevention of domestic violence. However, it is women of reproductive age who are most at risk, so educating gynecologists and obstetricians on this issue is crucial. The aim of this article with a case study is to demonstrate the syndrome of a battered woman, its recognition and the possibility of immediate and brief intervention.

• Klíčová slova
• Domestic violence, chronic subdural haematoma, chronic subdural hematoma, domestic violence, postdural puncture headache,
• MeSH
• bité ženy * MeSH
• domácí násilí * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• gynekologie * MeSH
• lékaři * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes substantial physical and psychological trauma. Restrictions introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and movement restrictions, may exacerbate IPV risk and reduce access to IPV support services. This cross-sectional study examines IPV during COVID-19 restrictions in 30 countries from the International Sexual HeAlth and REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study conducted from July 20th, 2020, to February, 15th, 2021. IPV was a primary outcome measure adapted from a World Health Organization multicountry survey. Mixed-effects modeling was used to determine IPV correlates among participants stratified by cohabitation status. The sample included 23,067 participants from 30 countries. A total of 1,070/15,336 (7.0%) participants stated that they experienced IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. A total of 1,486/15,336 (9.2%) participants stated that they had experienced either physical or sexual partner violence before the restrictions, which then decreased to 1,070 (7.0%) after the restrictions. In general, identifying as a sexual minority and experiencing greater economic vulnerability were associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV during COVID-19 restrictions, which were accentuated among participants who were living with their partners. Greater stringency of COVID-19 restrictions and living in urban or semi-urban areas were associated with lower odds of experiencing IPV in some settings. The I-SHARE data suggest a substantial burden of IPV during COVID-19 restrictions. However, the restrictions were correlated with reduced IPV in some settings. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for survivors of IPV during the implementation of restrictions designed to contain infectious disease outbreaks.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, IPV, Lockdown, global, physical violence, sexual assault, sexual coercion, sexual violence, social science,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí mezi partnery * psychologie   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• reprodukční zdraví MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuální partneři psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální zdraví * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: Violent behaviour can be a presenting sign of first-episode psychosis. Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been a focus of attention because it is a potentially modifiable factor that may influence outcome. AIMS: The aim was to review the literature addressing the following issues: prevalence of violence or aggression in the first episode of psychosis, violence or aggression during the periods before and after the initiation of treatment, the DUP and relation between DUP and the level of violence or aggression in first-episode psychosis. METHODS: MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for articles using the combination of key words 'aggression' (limited to humans) and 'first episode' and 'psychosis'. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that the prevalence of violent behaviour in the first episode of psychosis, particularly schizophrenia, is greater than during the later stages of the illness. First-episode psychosis is associated with an increased risk of homicide. There is some limited support for an effect of DUP length on serious violence or aggression. Violent behaviour frequently develops before the onset of first episode. Substance use disorders are additional factors that elevate the risk for violence in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier treatment of first episode psychosis might prevent some homicides. Personality factors and substance abuse may be more important than psychotic symptoms in the development of aggressive behaviour in patients with first-episode psychosis.

• MeSH
• agrese psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• násilí psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• poruchy osobnosti psychologie   MeSH
• psychotické poruchy psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• schizofrenie (psychologie) MeSH
• vražda psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Ending all violence against children by 2030 is a core part of Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 16. A number of promising violence reduction strategies have been identified in research studies. However, we lack an understanding of the implementation and impact of these programs in respect to their delivery at a large scale or within existing service systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We advocate for greater collaboration between researchers, policymakers, donors, governments, non-governmental organizations, and program managers and staff to study how violence prevention programs operate on a large scale. We describe a new initiative aiming to foster such collaborations in the field of family strengthening programs.

• Klíčová slova
• implementation science, parenting, parenting (MeSH), violence against children and adolescents, violence—prevention and control,
• MeSH
• chudoba MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• organizace MeSH
• příjem MeSH
• rozvojové země * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIM: To provide initial data regarding country-specific evidence of workplace violence towards nurses working within the health sector in five European countries. METHODS: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional pilot study, conducted in June 2016. The sample consisted of 260 nurses working in selected health care settings in five participating countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, and Spain). The questionnaire used was adapted from the International Labour Office/International Council of Nurses/World Health Organisation/Public Services International Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study-Questionnaire. RESULTS: A large number of participants confirmed that they had been physically attacked or verbally abused in the workplace in the last 12 months. In most cases, the physical and verbal abuse was inflicted by patients and to a lesser degree by relatives of patients, staff members, or managers/supervisors. In the majority of cases, no action was taken to investigate the causes of the incidents. In most cases, participants believed there was no point in reporting the incidents. However, the reasons for not reporting or discussing incidents of workplace violence varied depending on the country. CONCLUSION: Workplace violence towards nurses is a serious problem internationally, and violence prevention strategies need to be implemented.

• Klíčová slova
• health sector, nurse, physical violence, pilot study, psychological violence,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• násilí na pracovišti * MeSH
• personál sesterský nemocniční MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH
• Turecko MeSH