The authors analyzed a group of 52 case-sheets from hospitalized patients with the objective to provide protective in-patient treatment in the sanatorium in Havlíckův Brod. Hospitalizations terminated during the two-year period from July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1990 were involved. The stimulus for this work was the dissatisfaction of the authors with the practice of protective treatment provided in the region. From the results of the analysis three spheres of problems emerged: expert opinions, hospitalization in the sanatorium, activities of the legal authorities. Serious shortcomings were found in all spheres. In some expert opinions there were also mistakes as regards lay-out and contents. Treatment was recommended in 27 instances to persons without mental diseases in the strict sense of the word, incl. 17 cases where their condition was not treatable under the conditions of the sanatorium and in-patient treatment was abolished by court on recommendation of the sanatorium or else changed to ambulatory treatment. In almost half the recommendations of the sanatorium regarding a change of in-patient treatment or its abolition submitted to court untrue statements were found. The courts proceeded in the majority of patients very slowly; time intervals between the submission of the recommendation and the decision of the court were unacceptably long. The authors consider controversial from the medical aspect a concurrent decision on a prison sentence and provision of protective psychiatric in-patient treatment which sometimes was started after several years of imprisonment. The authors discuss some of the most serious problems and suggest possible solutions.
- MeSH
- hospitalizace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychotické poruchy terapie MeSH
- soudní psychiatrie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
Separate components of acid-base balance in blood (ABR)-pH, pCO2, BE, SB, BB-were studied during the long-term drill of service dogs of two age categories. These service dogs were included in two different work strain groups (patrol dogs and searching dogs). The results of long-term drill demonstrated, in particular, significant changes in dynamics of pH and pCO2. The pH values were permanently raised as compared with reduced pCO2 values during the whole period of 130-days exercise and as compared with the initial values. Other components of acid-base balance in blood do not show such variations (patrol and searching dogs) and these components justify that the adaptation of organism to the given strain gained suitable stabilisation. For studying the psychical and physical strain in service dogs it is recommended to include pH and pCO2 in the tests.
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha * MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
- psi krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The contents of basic mineral elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, Cl) were investigated in service dogs during their long-term basic training; the dogs belonged to two age categories, and the influence of different work stress (sentry, tracker, watch dogs) on the changes in the contents of these elements was also studied. Great changes in the dynamics of individual elements were demonstrated during the long-term training, signalling the beginning of muscular insufficiency and fatigue in the course of training, as well as the onset of adaptation processes to the psychic and physical stress (Na, K, Mg). The increased contents of Ca and P at the beginning and during the intensive training with a risk of bone demineralization, indicate the beginning of osteopathy, disorders of muscular and nervous irritability and unbalanced feed rations. The satisfactory adaptation process with the stabilized internal environment in the sphere of minerals metabolism is documented in service dogs by the long-term and qualitatively different work stress. The results of our studies can be included into the tests of training and work stress in service dogs.
- MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
- minerály metabolismus MeSH
- psi metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- minerály MeSH
At the "Small Animal Clinic of the University of Veterinary Science" in Brno during four years 442 sick and 178 clinically normal cats were examined in regard to incidence and diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Using the Sabin-Feldman reaction, antibodies against T.gondii were found in 40.3% of the cats (titer 4-128), whereas by means of complement fixation reaction and microprecipitation in agar gel, antibodies were found in 23.2% (titer 5-80) and 17.1% of the cats, respectively. Eight cats (1.3%) excreted T.gondii oocysts. The number of animals having specific antibodies increased statistically significant with age (P less than 0.01) and with particular hunting habits: it was higher in cats which were usually catching small rodents (P less than 0.01). A lower toxoplasmosis incidence was observed in indoor-cats (P less than 0.005) and in cats fed with boiled food only (P less than 0.005). In 35% of the cats showing no clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis, there were found antibodies against T.gondii. Comparison of clinically normal and sick cats revealed that antibodies against T.gondii occurred significantly more often in cats with enlarged lymph nodes (P less than 0.01), with a disease of the digestive tract (P less than 0.01), of the liver (P less than 0.01), and of the nervous system (P less than 0.01). Several recommendations for diagnosis and prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis in cats are given.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- imunodifuze MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- komplement fixační testy MeSH
- nemoci koček diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- počet parazitárních vajíček veterinární MeSH
- protilátky protozoální analýza MeSH
- Toxoplasma imunologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protilátky protozoální MeSH
- MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
- krevní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- psi krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- krevní proteiny MeSH
The activities were studied in five kinds of enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase - AST, alanine aminotransferase - ALT, lactate dehydrogenase - LD, the thermally stable fraction of lactate dehydrogenase - LD-1, and alkaline phosphatase - ALP) of 30 male dogs. The dogs, divided into two age categories, were studied during a long-continued training (130 days). Both transaminases exhibit characteristic changes in the activity, with a depression at the beginning between the 30th and 40th days of training, followed by a slow increase in AST and by a rapid increase in ALT, continuing until the end of the training period. A statistically significant activity pattern was recorded in LD: the activity declined continuously in both age groups of dogs. LD-1 exhibited an activity depression continuing until the 70th day of training, followed by an increase which reached statistical significance towards the end of the training. ALP activity varied regularly, but always remained significantly below the starting values. The enzymatic activities can be used as partial tests during the scientific management of the training of dogs in relation to the physiological and pathophysiological processes in the bodies of the dogs subjected to the training stress.
- MeSH
- alanintransaminasa krev MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa krev MeSH
- aspartátaminotransferasy krev MeSH
- enzymy krev MeSH
- fyziologický stres krev veterinární MeSH
- L-laktátdehydrogenasa krev MeSH
- psi metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alanintransaminasa MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa MeSH
- aspartátaminotransferasy MeSH
- enzymy MeSH
- L-laktátdehydrogenasa MeSH
Within a three-year period, 178 clinically healthy and 442 sick cats (patients of the Clinic for Small Animal Diseases of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Brno) were examined for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 34.8% of the animals without clinical signs of the disease and in 54.3% of the sick cats (P less than 0.01). Compared with the group of clinically healthy cats, the specific antibodies occurred significantly more frequently in the cats suffering from diseases of the digestive tract (P less than 0.01), particularly in those with acute gastroenteritis, and in those having liver disorders (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.05). A statistically significantly higher occurrence of antibodies to T. gondii was also recorded in the cats with disorders of the nervous system (P less than 0.05; P less than 0.01), particularly in those with symptoms of extraordinary aggressivity at the age span from four months to three years. Enlarged lymph nodes were found out in 44% of the cats having antibodies to T. gondii. This is 15% more than the average for the investigated set of animals, which is a statistically significant dependence (P less than 0.01).
- MeSH
- kočky imunologie MeSH
- nemoci koček imunologie MeSH
- protilátky protozoální analýza MeSH
- Toxoplasma imunologie MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protilátky protozoální MeSH
Laboratory characteristics of a metabolic disease (Osteodystrophia fibrosa) in standard young minks and arctic foxes is described. In comparison with the control group, while the biochemical characteristics of the blood samples of arctic foxes was not very different from the control group in the contents of macroelements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), significant differences were revealed by the analyses of the bone samples of os femoris. In young minks the ash weight in 1 g of fat-free dry matter made only 321.94 mg (52.45%), while in the control group 613.82 mg. A similar decrease (P less than 0.01) was observed, in comparison with the control, in the contents of calcium and phosphorus (44.75% and 56.90%). A slight increase in the magnesium content is not statistically significant. Evaluation of ash content in os femoris in young arctic foxes gave similar results. Biochemical characteristics of their blood showed a significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. An application of the chemical analyses of bones to diagnosing metabolic disturbances in fur animals is discussed.
- MeSH
- chov zvířat MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- lišky * MeSH
- metabolické nemoci kostí metabolismus veterinární MeSH
- minerály metabolismus MeSH
- norek * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- minerály MeSH
Selected hematological and biochemical indicators in blood were studied in seven dogs for 57 days. Six dogs were exposed to long-term, pre-experimental, natural invasion of the endoparasite Trichuris vulpis, one dog to Toxascaris leonina. In both cases the invasion of parasites was only weak, without any clinical symptoms. Acupuncture was performed on the first to fourth experimental days by steel acupuncture needles used in human medicine by introducing them into Gv-14, ST-36 and SP-6 points for twenty minutes. The results were evaluated statistically and compared with the samples taken from individual animals prior to acupuncture application. The changes in blood serum protein fractions in six dogs suffering from trichuriasis were compared with the control group of animals invaded in a similar way and with physiological standard. The results confirmed a statistically highly significant difference in the values of blood sedimentation (increase at four samplings from the 9th to 38th experimental days). At two samplings performed on the 35th and 57th experimental days a statistically highly significant difference was observed in the dogs suffering from trichuriasis as compared with the control group: in the relative values of globulin beta-fraction (increase), globulin gamma-fraction (decrease) and albumin (decrease) of the blood serum. In these dogs the A/G quotient decreased statistically highly significantly. There were no substantial changes in the level of total protein during the experiment, however, there was a trend of eosinophilia. These findings suggest the activation of the immunity system, but the invasion of Trichuris vulpis was not markedly influenced. The above-mentioned changes in blood values were not observed in the dog invaded with Toxascaris leonina, the parasite invasion remained at the pre-experimental level. No marked changes of the long-term duration were observed in the values of the other hematological and biochemical tests in any of the experimental animals. The control group consisting of four dogs without endoparasitic invasion, clinically in good condition, was also subjected to acupuncture at Gv-14, ST-36, SP-6 points. In the course of this study, the originally lower values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte number, leucocyte number and number of the segmented neutrophilic granulocytes increased and reached the physiological standard. Towards the end of this experiment all values of hematological and biochemical blood examinations were similar like those of the experimental group.
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha MeSH
- akupunkturní terapie veterinární MeSH
- askarióza veterinární MeSH
- krevní obraz veterinární MeSH
- krevní sedimentace MeSH
- nemoci psů krev MeSH
- psi MeSH
- toxokaróza krev veterinární MeSH
- trichurióza krev veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
In the present work fundamental experience is summed up regarding the acupuncture resuscitation of animals. The results are based on examination of 243 cases of 17 different species of domestic and exotic animals and birds. The apnoea condition, or only deep narcosis, has been induced with the use of different kinds of narcotics, above all Thiopental. A review of four most effective acupuncture points and the proper way of resuscitation are given. The acupuncture resuscitation has shown up to 100% results in clinically healthy dogs, whereas in animals affected with different diseases the success of intervention showed to be smaller (77.47%). In zoo animals in narcosis induced by medicines, the resuscitation effectiveness achieved 92.6%. The resuscitation effect is based not only on strictly determined points but also on diffusive irritation of respective point and its surroundings by acupressure. Discussion deals with the factors on which the acupuncture resuscitation and its success are dependent.
- MeSH
- akupunkturní terapie metody veterinární MeSH
- resuscitace metody veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
