In a previous paper (Jurajda and Halouzka, 1992) the in vitro isolation of two chicken herpesviruses of Marek's disease (M and K strains) was described and results of their characterization were presented. The present paper deals with the in vivo characterization of both isolates: pathogenicity and immunosuppressive characteristics of isolates were observed in a five-week test period, along with the development and production dynamics of antibodies and viral antigen in the feathers of experimentally infected chickens of the Brown Leghorn breed. A technique of double immunodiffusion in agar gel according to Ouchterlony, modified by Woernl (1966), was used to determine the presence of antibodies to Marek's disease virus (MDV) in blood serum and of precipitating MDV-antigen in feather quills of tested chickens. Isolate multiplication and titration were performed in a system of chicken embryonal fibroblasts (CEF) (Jurajda et al., 1984). Chickens were infected i.m. with three virus doses - 10(2) to 10(4) PFU per chicken while the dose 10(4) corresponded to the titre of 10,800 PFU/0.2 ml for M isolate and to the titre of 8,600 PFU/0.2 ml for K isolate. The nature and rate of regressive changes in lymphatic organs were determined according to criteria described by Halouzka and Jurajda (1991). The results are summarized in Tabs. I and II. Neither of the isolates evoked clinical or pathomorphological macroscopic symptoms of the disease. M isolate induced microscopic MD-specific changes in the peripheral nerves (of C type) and only moderate and transient signs of immunosuppression in 11% of infected chickens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The present paper deals with isolation of nonpathogenic chicken herpesviruses of Marek's disease (MD) and their in vitro characterization. Two strains of herpesviruses (denoted as VUB-M and -K isolates) were isolated from leucocytes separated from the blood of fattening chickens without clinical and pathomorphological symptoms of Marek's disease and from the blood of laying hens of a laboratory nonvaccinated flock without clinical symptoms, but with almost 100% incidence of precipitating MD antibodies. After in vitro adaptation, they were cytopathic for chicken embryonal fibroblasts in three days after infection. Isolates were identified as chicken herpesviruses of Marek's disease on the basis of the origin and nature of cytopathic effect in CEF (Biggs and Milne, 1972), lack of infectivity of culture medium and loss of infectivity of cells after their destruction through repeated cycles of freezing and thawing (Biggs and Payne, 1967), then serologically by agar gel immunodiffusion against specific serum (Chubb and Churchill, 1968) and electronoptically.
- MeSH
- kur domácí mikrobiologie MeSH
- virus Markovy nemoci izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The tested anaesthesia through a permanent infusion of a xylazine, ketamine and guaifenezine (XKG) mixture was used in ten experimental dogs without clinical signs of a disease and in fifty two patients during different surgical interventions. After joint i.m. atropine (0.05 mg/kg) and xylazine (2 mg/kg) premedication, anaesthesia in dogs was induced by an i.v. administration of 1% ketamine at a dose of 2 mg/kg, and the XKG was infused instantly after the previous treatment. The mixture contained 2.0 ml of 5% ketamine and 1.25 ml of 2% xylazine added to 100 ml of 5% guaifenezine. The infusion was applied at a rate of 3.3 ml/kg for the first five minutes and then it was maintained at constant values of 2.2 ml/kg during the whole surgical intervention (Tab. I). The induction and course of anaesthesia, and waking up and recovery from anaesthesia were evaluated in all dogs, and the trias values were also followed. These additional parameters were followed in the test group: breathing volumes, ECG values and acid-base balance parameters were determined from the collected blood samples. The observation of measurable parameters (Figs. 1 to 5) and ECG analysis did not demonstrate any large departures from the starting values, and the changes in the acid-base balance (Tab. II) suggest the partly compensated respiratory acidosis. On the basis of our results, we can recommend this tested method for general anaesthesia particularly of dogs of larger breeds and for longer-lasting operations. This method is suitable to be used first of all in the veterinary establishments where inhalation anaesthesia is not practicable.
- MeSH
- celková anestezie metody veterinární MeSH
- guaifenesin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- intravenózní anestezie metody veterinární MeSH
- ketamin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- psi * MeSH
- xylazin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- guaifenesin MeSH
- ketamin MeSH
- xylazin MeSH
The objective of our work was to investigate the dynamics of pathological lesions of chicken organs after infection with high doses of turkey herpesvirus THV-BIO-I. This virus strain is commonly used in form of the Marvak vaccine against Marek's disease of poultry in Czechoslovakia. High doses of the vaccine are used in practice with respect to the epizootological situation. The incidence of pathological lesions in the organs of Brown Leghorn chickens was investigated in a five-week experiment. One-day chickens were infected intramuscularly with the HVT strain at the doses of approximately 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) PFU in 0.2 ml of infective inoculum per chick. The body weights of ten chickens of each group were recorded at intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks after infection, serological examination was performed for precipitating antibodies to MDV and the feather was examined for MDV-antigen. Bursae Fabricii and spleens were weighed. Thymus, bursae Fabricii, spleens, peripheral nerves (n. ischiadicus and pl. brachialis) and gonads were sampled for histopathological examination. Neither maternal nor post-infection antibodies were found in any chick. Cytolytic lesion severity of lymphoid organs was scored using the scale of immunosuppression degrees (0-4). Morphological criteria were published in a previous paper (Halouzka and Jurajda, 1991b). The differences observed in the weights of bursa Fabricii and spleen between the infected and control chickens were not statistically significant. The observed lymphoid infiltrations in the skin, gonads, nerves and other tissues following the HVT infection are well-known and correlate with the infection dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- herpetické infekce patologie veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The descent and localization of eggs and embryos in individual segments of the reproductive tract of superovulated cows were studied in this work. For the induction of superovulation, serum gonadotropin (PMSG, Ivanovice in Haná) at a dose of 2,500-3,500 I.U. was used, in combination with 0.5 mg of Cloprostenol (Oestrophan, Spofa), administered 48 hours after gonadotropin treatment. The start of superovulation fell on days 9 to 12 of the sexual cycle and was conditioned by the presence of the corpus luteum (CL). After the onset of the heat, 2-3 inseminations were carried out using fresh semen. Donor cows were slaughtered 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after the second insemination and isolated reproductive organs (Fig. 1) were divided into five segments (two on oviducts and three on uterine horns) by the applied ligature. In laboratory conditions superovulation response was determined accurately, the volume of ovaries was assessed according to water displacement and the segments of oviducts and uterus were rinsed with TCM 199 or PBS supplemented with FCS. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after insemination (Tab. I). 18.1 (+/- 3.55), 12.4 (+/- 0.91), 19.2 (+/- 2.86), 20 and 23 (+/- 2.44) CL on average were recorded, which corresponded to the ovulation of 64, 50, 56, 71 and 72 percent of stimulated follicles (Fig. 2). Within 3 to 7 days after insemination nearly triple enlargement of ovaries was also observed (Tab. I, Fig. 3). During the lavage of individual segments of the tubular reproductive tract, 38 per cent of eggs and embryos were detected in the uterus as early as 3 days after insemination (Tab. II). Unfertilized eggs and degenerated embryos were found in the 2nd and 3rd uterine segment, embryos at the stage of 8-16 blastomeres were localized in the 1st and 2nd segment of the uterus. Four days after insemination (Tab. III), about 64 per cent of eggs and embryos at the stage up to 16 blastomeres were found in the uterus, but embryos up to 32 blastomeres were still flushed out of the oviduct. On day 5 after insemination, 92 per cent of eggs and embryos were released into the uterus, being localized mostly in the cranial and medial part of the uterus (Tab. IV). 7.5 per cent of recovered eggs and embryos at the stage of early or compacted morulae were still detected in the oviducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- MeSH
- embryo savčí fyziologie MeSH
- gonadotropiny koňské aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- skot fyziologie MeSH
- superovulace * MeSH
- transport vajíčka * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot fyziologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- gonadotropiny koňské MeSH
Our experience of the administration of xylazine and ketamine for an induction of halothane inhalation anaesthesia in dogs is described in this paper. After this procedure had been evaluated in 10 test dogs, the xylazine-ketamine induction was used for different surgical interventions in 160 patients. After joint i.m. atropine (0.05 mg/kg) and xylazine (1.5-2 mg/kg) pre-medication general anaesthesia of the dogs was induced by an i.v. administration of 1% ketamine (2 mg/kg). After intubation and anaesthetizer connection halothane vapours had to be applied for 2 to 8 minutes at a 2.5% to 3.5% concentration to induce the tolerance stage of anaesthesia. Then the anaesthesia level was maintained by an application of halothane vapours at a 0.5 to 1.5% concentration (Tab. I). In addition to an evaluation of the anaesthesia proper, breathing-rate, inspiratory and expiratory volumes, internal body temperature were recorded, ECG was made and venous blood samples were taken to evaluate acid-base balance changes. The processing of the obtained data (Figs. 1 to 5, Tab. II) revealed a transient breathing attenuation after the xylazine-ketamine induction and partly compensated respiratory acidosis. On the basis of our results this tested method can replace the traditional thiopental induction associated with the risks of cardiopulmonary depression, or even blood circulation stoppage.
The effects of acetic acid administered at an amount of 300 to 600 g (5 to 10 mol) to the rumen of breeding cows, were investigated on ovulation, conception and progesterone levels in the blood and milk of cows with cloprostenol-induced (Oestrophan Spofa) oestrus at a dose of 500 micrograms i.m. In the group of 15 cows exposed to the acetic acid load five cows got in calf after the first insemination (33.3%), and 12 cows (80.0%) after all inseminations in 37.6 days after cloprostenol administration, with the insemination index 1.67 (Tab. I). In the control group (five cows) four cows (80.0%) got in calf after the first insemination, in total all five breeding cows got in calf in 20.6 days after cloprostenol administration, with the insemination index 1.2. In the experimental group of 15 cows a clinical examination of ovaries on day 7 after insemination revealed ovulation disorders in eight cows, that means in 53.3% of the animals (Tab. II). No ovulation disorders were observed in the control group of five cows. Progesterone levels in the blood showed high variability (Tab. III). In the group of cows administered acetic acid they were by more than a half lower (1.49; 0.67; 1.53 per ml) on days 7, 14 and 21 after insemination in comparison with the control group (3.35; 2.5; 3.38 ng per ml). The average progesterone levels in milk (Tab. IV) were 1.27 and 1.53 on day 7, 6.74 and 7.27 on day 14 and 3.52 and 11.85 ng per ml on day 21, respectively, the higher values apply to the control. It was not possible to evaluate reliably from the progesterone levels in the blood and milk if ovulation took place and if the corpus luteum was developing (Tab. V and VI). The clinical control of ovaries on days 7 and 8 after oestrus and insemination was more reliable to determine the ovulation disorders than the progesterone determination in the blood and milk of cows.
- MeSH
- acetáty MeSH
- acidóza chemicky indukované veterinární MeSH
- fertilita * MeSH
- kyselina octová MeSH
- nemoci skotu chemicky indukované patofyziologie MeSH
- ovulace * MeSH
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- acetáty MeSH
- kyselina octová MeSH
The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific antibodies to Sarcocystis sp. A set of 275 ovine blood samples was examined by both reactions. Cystozoites of Sarcocystis gigantea were used as the corpuscular antigen for the IFAT. For the diagnostics of sarcocystosis by the ELISA technique used the sandwich test of the antibody titration with a soluble antigen which was also prepared from S. gigantea macrocysts. Our studies confirmed that this antigen did not cross-react with Toxoplasma gondii. Titre 40 was determined as the limit one for the IFAT and titre 80 for the ELISA; which was confirmed by the direct detection of cysts in the muscles (Svobodová, 1989). The results of both methods are shown in Table I. 76.7% of the blood samples reacted positively in the IFAT and 83.6% in the ELISA. These methods were found to be suitable and can be utilized for the intravital routine diagnostics.
- MeSH
- ELISA veterinární MeSH
- fluorescenční protilátková technika veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ovcí diagnóza MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- sarkocystóza diagnóza veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Variations of plasma volume (PV) and variations of triglyceride, cholesterol, total lipid, beta-lipoprotein and phospholipid concentrations in the blood plasma were investigated in trials with ten sows, crossbreds of the White Thoroughbred and Landrace breeds, at the age of 2-3 years, kept on a defined diet; the trials were performed before the sows became pregnant and during their pregnancy (days 1-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100 and 101-120). The PV in nonpregnant sows is 9.8 +/- 0.33 1. Following a decrease to the values of 7.8 +/- 0.33 l (p less than 0.01) in the first 40 days of pregnancy the plasma volume increases in the successive periods and it makes 15.4 +/- 0.19 l at the end of pregnancy (p less than 0.001). Total lipaemia decreases during pregnancy from 2.80 +/- 0.054 in nonpregnant sows to 2.49 +/- 0.245 g per 1 in sows at the end of pregnancy. Cholesterol concentrations in the blood plasma also decrease from 2.48 +/- 0.53 in nonpregnant ones to 1.88 +/- 0.173 mmol per 1 (p less than 0.001) in sows at the end of pregnancy, beta-lipoprotein concentrations from 3.95 +/- 1.134 in nonpregnant ones to 3.47 +/- 0.199 g per l in sows on days of pregnancy 81-100 (p less than 0.05), phospholipid concentrations in the first 60 days of pregnancy from 1.62 +/- 0.079 before insemination to 1.29 +/- 0.05 mmol per l in sows of 41-60 day pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- prasata krev MeSH
- těhotenství u zvířat krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Czechoslovak veterinary medicine developed in line with a European concept of connection of human, veterinary and plant medicine. Pathology has represented an important link of the concept which is reflected in contemporary WHO programmes concerning comparative pathology. Reformed education in veterinary pathology is prepared to contribute to human health care in this country.
- MeSH
- patologie MeSH
- veterinární lékařství * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
