Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection that poses significant health risks to children, particularly in marginalised populations with limited access to sanitation and healthcare. This study aimed to compare the occurrence of toxocariasis in early childhood between a group of children from the Slovak majority population and from marginalised Roma communities (MRCs), explore potential risk and protective factors and the association with mental health difficulties in early childhood. Cross-sectional data were obtained from mothers, and blood samples of their children aged 14-21 months were collected during the first wave of the longitudinal RomaREACH study. A total of 88 blood samples from children were analysed: 49 children from the Slovak Majority population and 39 from MRCs. Anti-Toxocara canis IgG antibodies were detected in serum samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Though it was not statistically significant, seropositivity for Toxocara canis was more often observed in children from MRCs (35.9%) than in the majority population (20.4%). The absence of running water in households significantly increases the risk of Toxocara infection in children, whereas a longer duration of breastfeeding decreases it. Children seropositive for Toxocara canis showed higher levels of early mental health difficulties even when controlled for MRC residence. These results indicate the need for integrated public health interventions targeting parasitic infections in susceptible populations. Improving access to sanitation, promoting breastfeeding, and strengthening the preventive and educational role of early childhood health services are critical strategies to reduce the risk of exposure to Toxocara spp. eggs and mitigate its potential impact on child health and development.

• Klíčová slova
• Breastfeeding, Early childhood, Hygienic standards, Marginalised Roma communities, Mental health, Toxocariasis,
• MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• protilátky helmintové krev   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Toxocara canis imunologie   MeSH
• toxokaróza * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• protilátky helmintové MeSH

BACKGROUND: Bordetella pertussis isolates which do not express some of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPv) antigens, e.g. pertactin (PRN), have been increasingly reported in countries using aPvs. In Finland, primary pertussis vaccination with whole-cell vaccine was replaced by aPv containing pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) in 2005 and then by aPv containing PT, FHA, and PRN in 2009. We aimed to study alterations in the expression of FHA, PRN, and PT, three antigens included in aPvs and adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) not included in current aPvs, among Finnish isolates collected during 1991-2020. METHODS: Of 904 isolates collected by the Finnish Reference Laboratory for Pertussis during 1991-2020, 302 were randomly included. An adapted, monoclonal antibody based, antigen expression ELISA, including the culture of B. pertussis in Stainer-Scholte medium, was performed to quantify the expression of ACT, FHA, PRN, and PT of each isolate. ACT activity was also measured for 16 isolates. Arbitrary units were used for comparing levels of each antigen expression of isolates grouped in every five years. FINDINGS: Following the implementation of aPv in 2005, B. pertussis isolates exhibited a 1.75-fold increase for FHA (p < 0.001) and a 1.5-fold increase for ACT (p < 0.0041) expression until 2020. No FHA or ACT deficient isolates were detected. As the number of PRN deficient isolates has significantly increased with the time, the amount of PRN produced by the positive isolates has also started to decrease, especially after the use of aPv containing PRN. During this period, fluctuations in PT expression were observed. INTERPRETATION: The study demonstrated that in response to aPv-induced selection pressure, different types of selection of B. pertussis has occurred. For FHA and ACT, a steady increase in their production is observed, whereas the frequency of PRN deficient isolates is increased with time.

• Klíčová slova
• Acellular pertussis vaccine, Antigen expression, Bordetella pertussis, Resurgence of pertussis,
• MeSH
• acelulární vakcíny imunologie   MeSH
• adenylátcyklasový toxin imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální * imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální adheziny MeSH
• Bordetella pertussis * imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• faktory virulence rodu Bordetella imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pertuse * prevence a kontrola   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• pertusová vakcína * imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• pertusový toxin imunologie   MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Finsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acelulární vakcíny MeSH
• adenylátcyklasový toxin MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální * MeSH
• bakteriální adheziny MeSH
• faktory virulence rodu Bordetella MeSH
• filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin, Bordetella pertussis MeSH Prohlížeč
• pertactin MeSH Prohlížeč
• pertusová vakcína * MeSH
• pertusový toxin MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány MeSH

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in Wuhan in 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. During the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous reports highlighted infections of wild animals by SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, further research is required to understand the virus potential to infect various animal species, which is crucial for evaluating its future evolution and the potential reemergence of SARS-CoV-2. The total concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) represents a valuable yet underused diagnostic parameter for health assessments in wild animals, primarily due to the absence of effective diagnostic tools. A protein A-based indirect ELISA can serve as an efficient method to identify IgG antibodies against different pathogens in wildlife surveillance programs. To develop a multispecies protein A-ELISA for IgG detection against SARS-CoV-2, we used 44 animal species serum samples to ascertain the protein A binding affinity, and 88 serum samples, chosen for the strong binding affinity to protein A, were used to identify IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The serum samples were obtained from animals housed in Safari Park Dvůr Králové, Czech Republic. The zoo animals are in proximity to humans, facilitating the exploration of potential reverse transmission events of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to animals. Also, they undergo routine veterinary examinations, providing convenient access to blood samples. Therefore, they can be easily used for the development of protein A-based indirect ELISA for wildlife disease surveillance programs. Based on the ELISA results, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the sera of 16 animals. To further confirm these findings, the ELISA-positive samples were subjected to virus neutralization assays. This additional testing revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in the serum of two white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and one Persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana).

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, indirect ELISA, proof of concept, serologic surveillance, virus neutralization test, wildlife surveillance, zoo animals,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * veterinární   epidemiologie   MeSH
• divoká zvířata * virologie   MeSH
• ELISA veterinární   metody   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sentinelová surveillance * veterinární   MeSH
• sérologické testování na COVID-19 * veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata v ZOO * virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH

In recent years, populations of beavers are rising and spreading in Europe, so we can expect increasing human contact with them in future. The aim of the study was to examine the blood samples of free-ranging beavers to detect antibodies to 12 infectious agents. In total, the blood samples from 76 free-ranging Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) were used for the detection of antibodies to 12 infectious agents, including 3 parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Trichinella spp.), 5 bacteria (Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetti, Francisella tularensis, Leptospira spp.), and 4 viruses (Aujeszky's Disease Virus ADV, Hepatitis E virus HEV, Tick-borne Encephalitis virus TBEV, and West Nile Fever virus WNV). The sera were examined by Agglutination test, or Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, depending on the tested pathogen. Out of 76 animals, the following seropositivity was obtained: T. gondii 18.4 % (14/76), N. caninum 7.9 % (6/76), Leptospira spp. 3.9 % (3/76), F. tularensis 2.6 % (2/76) and Hepatitis E virus 2.6 % (2/76), with statistically significant differences in the positivity of animals to different pathogens (p=0.0007). Antibodies to the other 7 agents were not found. In total, 19 of 76 (25 %) animals had antibodies at least to one tested pathogen, with single infection in 12 animals (15.8 %) and mixed infection of 2-3 agents in 7 animals (9.2 %). There was no difference in positivity between individuals' genders (24.2 % for females and 23.7 % for males, p=0.7244), age of animals (juvenile 15.4 %, subadults 20 %, adults 31.6 %, p=0.3962), area (South Moravia 31.9 %, Český les 28.6 %, Elbe (Labe) River 14.3 %, and Šumava National Park 0 %, p=0.1894) and year of sampling (from 9 positive samples in 2008 to 0 positive samples in 2010). This first seroepidemiological study, dedicated to a wide range of pathogens, determined the extent to which this animal species is infected with these pathogens.

• Klíčová slova
• Leptospirosis, Neosporosis, Serology, Toxoplasmosis, Tularemia, Wildlife,
• MeSH
• aglutinační testy MeSH
• bakteriální infekce * veterinární   epidemiologie   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• hlodavci * parazitologie   mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální * krev   MeSH
• protilátky protozoální * krev   MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• virové nemoci * veterinární   epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky bakteriální * MeSH
• protilátky protozoální * MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe. To further characterize the LB burden in the Czech Republic, we conducted a seroprevalence study and estimated the incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections. METHODS: Anti-Bbsl IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in sera collected from the adult population in 2011 -2012 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot tests at the National Reference Laboratory. The incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections was estimated from the seroprevalence results and the symptomatic proportion and duration of persistence of anti-Bbsl IgG antibodies in Bbsl-infected individuals. Surveillance under-detection of symptomatic Bbsl infections was estimated by comparing surveillance-reported and seroprevalence-based incidence. RESULTS: Samples from 1996 adults were tested; the median age (range) was 45 (18 -87) years; 1037 (52.0 %) were female. The prevalence (with 95 % confidence interval) of anti-Bbsl IgG, and IgM and/or IgG (IgM/IgG) antibodies was 6.3 % (5.3 -7.5 %), and 9.5 % (8.3 -10.9 %), respectively. The IgM/IgG prevalence was 7.8 % (6.5 -9.2 %) in Bohemia and 15.3 % (12.2 -19.0 %) in Moravia. There were an estimated 30,563 (26,550 -34,962) symptomatic incident Bbsl infections in adults in the Czech Republic in 2012, for an incidence of 352.2 (306.0 -402.9) symptomatic Bbsl infections per 100,000 adults per year. There were an estimated 11 (10 -13) symptomatic Bbsl infections for each surveillance-reported LB case in the Czech Republic in 2012. CONCLUSIONS: There is high incidence of symptomatic Bbsl infections in the Czech Republic, particularly in Moravia. Interventions are needed to address the substantial burden of LB in the Czech Republic.

• Klíčová slova
• Lyme borreliosis, Lyme disease, disease burden, epidemiology, seroprevalence, surveillance, tick-borne disease,
• MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi komplex * imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin M krev   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• imunoglobulin M MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging pathogen that initially causes flu-like symptoms and can progress to central nervous system (CNS) infections. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an endemic disease in southern coastal counties with regular human cases, while the causative agent, TBEV, is prevalent in ticks in most of the coastal regions of Norway. This study was aimed to understand TBEV infection status across Norway including both TBE endemic and non-endemic areas. For this, we analyzed a total of 1940 residual serum samples from 19 counties of Norway (as of 2016). The samples were initially screened by ELISA, followed by virus neutralization tests for TBEV confirmation. We found a similar TBEV seroprevalence of 1.7% in TBE endemic and 1.6% in non-endemic areas. Since TBE cases are only reported from endemic regions, our findings suggest a potential subclinical or asymptomatic infection and underdiagnosis in non-endemic areas. Notably, only 43% of the ELISA-positive samples were confirmed by virus neutralization tests indicating that not all ELISA positives are true TBEV infections. Additionally, 137 samples of patients presenting with symptoms of CNS infections from a non-endemic area were included. Of these samples, 11 ELISA-positive samples were analyzed for cross-reactivity among flaviviruses. Cross-reactivity was detected with Dengue virus, West Nile Virus, and non-specific reactions. This underscores the importance of using multiple diagnostic tests to confirm TBEV infections. None of the patients with CNS infection was found to be TBE positive, and in the whole cohort, we found a low TBEV seroprevalence of 0.7%.

• Klíčová slova
• Norway, TBEV prevalence, central nervous system infections, seroprevalence study, tick-borne encephalitis virus,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• klíšťová encefalitida * krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neutralizační testy MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy MeSH
• zkřížené reakce MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Norsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky virové * MeSH

BACKGROUND: The neurofilament light chain (NfL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum as a marker of neuronal damage may be a potential biomarker of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (NPSLE). METHODS: 80 patients with SLE were included.We obtained paired serum and CSF samples from 48 patients (NPSLE n=32, non-NPSLE n=16) and 31 controls. The serum and CSF levels of NfL were determined using ELISA. RESULTS: Patients with NPSLE demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum NfL compared with the non-NPSLE group (mean 31.68±36.63 pg/mL vs mean 16.75±12.48 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.05) and with controls (mean 10.74±4.36 pg/mL, p<0.01). Notably, CSF NfL concentrations in patients with NPSLE showed an upward trend (mean 1600±2852 pg/mL) in contrast to non-NPSLE patients (mean 393.4±191.9 pg/mL) and controls (mean 509.7±358.5 pg/mL). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between serum and CSF NfL levels in patients with NPSLE (R=0.8686, p<0.01). Elevated serum triacylglycerol concentrations, C reactive protein and organ damage were linked to increased serum (p=0.002; p<0.001; p=0.036) and CSF (p=0.008; p=0.007; p<0.001) NfL concentrations. In addition, we established a significant correlation between intrathecal NfL concentrations and interleukin-6 levels in the CSF of patients with NPSLE (R=0.5118, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The serum NfL levels may be a readily available marker of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE.

• Klíčová slova
• autoimmune diseases, cytokines, systemic lupus erythematosus,
• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny * krev   mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• vaskulitida centrálního nervového systému při lupus erythematodes * krev   mozkomíšní mok   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• neurofilament protein L MeSH Prohlížeč
• neurofilamentové proteiny * MeSH

Phlebotomus perniciosus is a major vector of Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean. While the seroprevalence of leishmaniosis in Spanish dogs and cats has been studied, data on the exposure of cats to P. perniciosus bites under natural conditions without repellents is limited. Stray cats could serve as sentinels for L. infantum and P. perniciosus exposure. This study analyzed sera from 204 apparently healthy stray cats, collected from January 2021 to January 2022, for antibodies against P. perniciosus saliva and L. infantum parasites. Anti-sand fly antibodies were detected in 40.69% of cats using an ELISA with the recombinant salivary protein SP03B of P. perniciosus. Seroprevalence of L. infantum infection was 23.52% by Western blot and 27.41% by ELISA, with an overall seroprevalence of 40.69% (95% CI 34.18-47.54%). This is the first assessment of antibody response to P. perniciosus saliva and L. infantum in naturally exposed stray cats in Spain. Further research is needed to examine the salivary antigens recognized by cats and to explore the relationship between P. perniciosus exposure and L. infantum infection severity in cats.

• Klíčová slova
• Cat, ELISA, Leishmania infantum, Phlebotomus perniciosus, serology, western blotting,
• MeSH
• ELISA veterinární   MeSH
• hmyz - vektory parazitologie   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• Leishmania infantum * imunologie   MeSH
• leishmanióza viscerální * veterinární   epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• nemoci koček * epidemiologie   parazitologie   imunologie   MeSH
• Phlebotomus * parazitologie   imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky protozoální * krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Španělsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky protozoální * MeSH

Equine neosporosis is an intracellular protozoan disease with a global distribution, affecting a diverse range of warm-blooded animals. Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper et Uggla, 1988 is associated with foetal loss, neurological disease and abortion in equids. No information was available regarding equine N. caninum infection among equids in Iraq. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of N. caninum in equines by using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). A total of 329 blood samples randomly selected from equines, comprising 268 horses and 61 donkeys were examined. The seroprevalence rate of N. caninum was determined as 46% (28/61) for donkeys and 24% (64/268) for horses. The prevalence of N. caninum indicated a significantly higher risk of infection in donkeys compared to horses (P < 0.001). However, the odds of N. caninum infection in draught equids were 8.2 times greater than other equids with a significant difference (P < 0.001). The current study revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of N. caninum across various genders, breeds, clinical statuses, disease histories and among equids that had contact with dogs. While outdoor feeding and mixed (grazing), showed a significant difference (P = 0.003) and (P = 0.75), respectively, in the presence of antibodies against N. caninum compared to indoor feeding (stable). Moreover, the odds of infection in equids with a history of late abortion were 4.8 times higher than those without such a history of abortion (2.20-10.56) with statistical significance (P < 0.001).

• Klíčová slova
• Neosporosis, equines., risk factors, seroprevalence,
• MeSH
• ELISA * veterinární   MeSH
• Equidae * parazitologie   MeSH
• kokcidióza * veterinární   epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• koně MeSH
• nemoci koní * epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Neospora * izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protilátky protozoální krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Irák epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky protozoální MeSH

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has killed more than 7 million people worldwide. Understanding the development of postinfectious and postvaccination immune responses is necessary for effective treatment and the introduction of appropriate antipandemic measures. OBJECTIVES: We analysed humoral and cell-mediated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses to spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and open reading frame (O) proteins in individuals collected up to 1.5 years after COVID-19 onset and evaluated immune memory. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were collected from patients after COVID-19. Sampling was performed in two rounds: 3-6 months after infection and after another year. Most of the patients were vaccinated between samplings. SARS-CoV-2-seronegative donors served as controls. ELISpot assays were used to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells using peptide pools (S, NMO) or recombinant proteins (rS, rN), respectively. A CEF peptide pool consisting of selected viral epitopes was applied to assess the antiviral T-cell response. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected via ELISA and a surrogate virus neutralisation assay. RESULTS: We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the establishment of long-term memory IgG+ B cells and memory T cells. We also found that vaccination enhanced the levels of anti-S memory B and T cells. Multivariate comparison also revealed the benefit of repeated vaccination. Interestingly, the T-cell response to CEF was lower in patients than in controls. CONCLUSION: This study supports the importance of repeated vaccination for enhancing immunity and suggests a possible long-term perturbation of the overall antiviral immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, ELISpot, SARS-CoV-2, adaptive immunity, antibody, immune memory, virus neutralisation assay,
• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• buněčná imunita imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISPOT MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus imunologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• imunologická paměť MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 MeSH Prohlížeč
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH