BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) has become a critical public health issue, with attitudes toward vaccines emerging as a broader social issue. Public debates surrounding vaccines have expanded beyond health considerations to include issues of trust, misinformation, and societal values, making CVH a complex challenge that requires multifaceted solutions. Analyzing the various determinants of CVH is crucial for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccine acceptance in specific countries and to better prepare for future public health crises. However, no study to date has evaluated the determinants of CVH in a representative sample of the Czech population. METHODS: A multiple hierarchical logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between various sociodemographic, trust and attitudinal factors with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (CVA). The analysis utilized survey data from a representative longitudinal sample of the Czech population (N = 1,407). RESULTS: After controlling for all other factors, trust in official statements from the Ministry of Health was the strongest predictor of CVA, followed by prior positive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination (prior to vaccine availability) and older age. Lower trust in COVID-19 misinformation also predicted CVA, while lower interest in COVID-19 media content was associated with CVA. Higher income initially predicted CVA but lost statistical significance after controlling for other variables. Interestingly, education did not play a role in CVA. CONCLUSION: CVH was primarily driven by distrust in government-provided information. Notably, vaccine refusers demonstrated a higher motivation to seek information on the topic, offering a promising opportunity for health policy interventions. Our findings suggest that strategies to reduce CVH should prioritize building trust in state institutions and effectively combating misinformation.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Misinformation, Trust in institutions, Vaccine acceptance, Vaccine hesitancy,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• důvěra * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odkládání očkování * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH

Despite the lower virulence of current SARS-CoV-2 variants and high rates of vaccinated and previously infected subjects, COVID-19 remains a persistent threat in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study evaluated the parameters of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production in 120 KTRs. The production of neutralizing antibodies in KTRs, following booster vaccination with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, was significantly decreased and their decline was faster than in healthy subjects. Factors predisposing to the downregulation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies included age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a full dose of mycophenolate mofetil. Neutralizing antibodies correlated with those targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), SARS-CoV-2 Spike trimmer, total SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein, as well as with antibodies to the deadly SARS-CoV-1 virus. No cross-reactivity was found with antibodies against seasonal coronaviruses. KTRs exhibited lower postvaccination production of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; however, the specificity of their humoral response did not differ compared to healthy subjects.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibodies, COVID-19, Kidney transplantation, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus imunologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• příjemce transplantátu * MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• sekundární imunizace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky * MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 MeSH Prohlížeč
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

COVID-19 vaccine uptake varied across countries, in part due to vaccine hesitancy fueled by a lack of trustworthy information. To help health workers provide evidence-based answers to common questions about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination, and thereby, assist individuals´ decisions on vaccine acceptance, COVID-19 InfoVaccines, a joint WHO-EU project, was launched in February 2021 to support COVID-19 vaccine rollout in 6 Eastern European countries. COVID-19 InfoVaccines was made available in seven languages and shared on social media networks. A total of 262,592 users accessed COVID-19 InfoVaccines.com between February 11, 2021, and January 31st, 2023. The users were most interested in: general questions; vaccine efficacy and duration of protection; vaccine safety; vaccine co-administration, and dose-interval and interchangeability; though the interest in a specific theme varied in function of the epidemiological situation. A total of 118,510 (45.1%) and 46,644 (17.7%) users scrolled up to 35% and 75% of the COVID-19 InfoVaccines webpage, respectively. The average engagement rate was 71.61%. The users accessed COVID-19 InfoVaccines from 231 countries and territories, but the majority were in Ukraine (N = 38,404; 14.6%), Spain (N = 23,327; 8.9%), and Argentina (N = 21,167; 8.1%). Older Facebook users were more interested in COVID-19 information than younger individuals (X2 p-value < .0001). Two hundred twenty-eight videos were shared on YouTube. The average Click-Through-Rate on Facebook was 7.82%, and that on YouTube was 4.4%, with 60 videos having a Click-Through-Rate >5%, falling in the range of average YouTube video Click-Through-Rate (2% - 10%). As misinformation about vaccines and vaccination spreads easily and can negatively impact health-related decisions, initiatives like COVID-19 InfoVaccines are crucial to facilitate access to reliable information.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, COVID-19 InfoVaccines, Europe, World Health Organization, educational tool, misinformation, vaccine, vaccine hesitancy,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odkládání očkování statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 imunologie   MeSH
• sociální média * MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• vakcinace * statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zdravotní výchova metody   MeSH
• zdravotnický personál statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus which infects the respiratory tract and may cause severe, occasionally life-threatening disease COVID-19. In more than 5% of symptomatic patients the infection is associated with post-acute symptoms. The initial contact of the virus with the immune system of the nasopharynx and oropharynx induces a mucosal immune response manifested by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies which may contribute to the restriction of the infection to the upper respiratory tract and an asymptomatic or clinically mild disease. The current systemically administered vaccines protected against the severe COVID-19 infection and its post-acute sequelae. However, they do not induce antibodies in mucosal secretions in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. In contrast, in those who previously experienced mucosal infection, systemically administered vaccines may stimulate sIgA production. The clinical benefit of systemic vaccination convincingly documented in tens of millions of individuals overshadows the rare, sometimes controversial reports of complications encountered after vaccination. The inability of current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to induce mucosal immune responses and to prevent the spreading of the virus by external secretions demonstrates the mutual independence of mucosal and systemic compartments of the immune system, and thus emphasizes need for the development of vaccines inducing protective immune responses in both compartments.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19; vaccination; mucosal immunity, mucosal vaccines,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• slizniční imunita MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH

AIMS: To evaluate antibody response to mRNA vaccine, identify subgroups with poor response and to determine long-term antibody durability in hematological patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have vaccinated 292 patients with all hematological malignancies with a third dose of mRNA COMIRNATY vaccine with a 12-month follow-up period in our center in Ostrava, Czech Republic. RESULTS: Antibody response for the whole cohort exceeded 74% through the whole 12-month follow-up. Lowest seroconversion was observed in CLL cohort (20/41, 48.8%), patients who received anti-CD20 therapy < 6 months before vaccination (8/30, 26.7%) and BTK inhibitors (3/6, 50.0%). On the contrary, patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute leukemia performed comparably with healthy population (33/33; 100% and 12/13; 92.3%, respectively). We have seen better results if the time interval between anti-CD20 therapy and additional vaccine dose was longer than 6 months (5/8 patients achieved seroconversion on 4th booster dose after previous failure). Also, 36 patients received a 4th dose of vaccine as a booster with measurable increase in protective antibodies in 50% (18/36). CONCLUSIONS: Additional doses show promise for a well-timed revaccination even in poor responders. To our knowledge, no study comparable to our work in terms of follow-up length, vaccine consistency or variety of hematological malignancies and/or treatment has been reported yet. Our findings shed more light on long-term antibody response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with hematological cancer and bring important data for the evaluation of possible vaccine failure and scheduling of subsequent doses.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID‐19, Cancer, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma, Vaccination,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hematologické nádory * imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mRNA vakcíny MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• sekundární imunizace * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mRNA vakcíny MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the attitudes of pregnant women toward vaccination against COVID-19. METHODS: The research was conducted using a diagnostic survey with our original questionnaire among 283 pregnant women. The survey was carried out in Poland in the first quarter of 2022. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 26.0 (p < 0.05). RESULTS: It was shown that 140 (49.5%) pregnant women were vaccinated against COVID-19, of which 90 (64.3%) received vaccination during pregnancy. In the group of 143 (50%) unvaccinated people, only 11.9% of respondents expressed willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The most frequently cited arguments for receiving the vaccine were fear of a severe course of the disease (37.5%) and the possibility of passing antibodies to a child (37.1%). Women who did not undergo vaccination believed that they did not want to put themselves and their babies at risk (39.9%) and were concerned about adverse post-vaccination reactions (35.2%) and the safety of the vaccine (32.5%). Women with higher education and professionally active (p = 0.004) were vaccinated more often than respondents with a lower level of education (p < 0.001). Age (p = 0.101) and place of residence (p = 0.179) did not indicate statistically significant differences in decision-making regarding vaccination against COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women presented both pro- and anti-vaccination attitudes. Less than half of the respondents were vaccinated against COVID-19, and most of the women took the preparation during pregnancy. Selected socio-demographic factors determined women's attitudes toward vaccinations against COVID-19. Medical personnel should play a role in deciding whether a pregnant woman is vaccinated.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, attitudes, pregnancy, vaccination,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infekční komplikace v těhotenství prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• těhotné ženy * psychologie   MeSH
• vakcinace psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has killed more than 7 million people worldwide. Understanding the development of postinfectious and postvaccination immune responses is necessary for effective treatment and the introduction of appropriate antipandemic measures. OBJECTIVES: We analysed humoral and cell-mediated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses to spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and open reading frame (O) proteins in individuals collected up to 1.5 years after COVID-19 onset and evaluated immune memory. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were collected from patients after COVID-19. Sampling was performed in two rounds: 3-6 months after infection and after another year. Most of the patients were vaccinated between samplings. SARS-CoV-2-seronegative donors served as controls. ELISpot assays were used to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells using peptide pools (S, NMO) or recombinant proteins (rS, rN), respectively. A CEF peptide pool consisting of selected viral epitopes was applied to assess the antiviral T-cell response. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected via ELISA and a surrogate virus neutralisation assay. RESULTS: We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the establishment of long-term memory IgG+ B cells and memory T cells. We also found that vaccination enhanced the levels of anti-S memory B and T cells. Multivariate comparison also revealed the benefit of repeated vaccination. Interestingly, the T-cell response to CEF was lower in patients than in controls. CONCLUSION: This study supports the importance of repeated vaccination for enhancing immunity and suggests a possible long-term perturbation of the overall antiviral immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, ELISpot, SARS-CoV-2, adaptive immunity, antibody, immune memory, virus neutralisation assay,
• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• buněčná imunita imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISPOT MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus imunologie   MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• imunologická paměť MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 MeSH Prohlížeč
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, Healthy vaccinee effect, High risk for death effect, Indication bias,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 imunologie   MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vakcinace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH

Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid (SARS-CoV-2 mRNA) vaccines are effective in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), their immune response to vaccination is blunted by immunosuppression. Other tools enhancing vaccination response are therefore needed. Interestingly, aligning vaccine administration with circadian rhythms (chronovaccination) has been shown to boost immune response. However, its applicability in KTRs, whose circadian rhythms are likely disrupted by immunosuppressants, remains unclear. To assess the impact of vaccination timing on seroconversion in the KTRs population, we analyzed data from 553 virus-naïve KTRs who received 2 doses of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine. Bayesian logistic regression was employed, adjusting for previously identified predictors of seroconversion, including allograft function, maintenance immunosuppressants, or time since transplantation. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured with a median of 47 days after the second dose. The results did not reveal a reliable effect of timing of the first dose but did indicate that earlier timing for the second dose brings a notable benefit-every 1-hour delay in the application was associated with a 16% reduction in the odds of seroconversion (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71, 0.998). Similar results were obtained from quantile regression modeling IgG levels. In conclusion, morning vaccination is emerging as a promising and easily implementable strategy to enhance vaccine response in KTRs.

• Klíčová slova
• Bayesian modeling, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, chronovaccination, circadian rhythms, immunosuppression, kidney transplantation, seroconversion, vaccination response, vaccination timing,
• MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin chirurgie   imunologie   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• humorální imunita * MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   imunologie   MeSH
• imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• příjemce transplantátu MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• rejekce štěpu imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace ledvin * MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH