Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a mitochondrial, biotin-containing enzyme catalyzing the ATP-dependent synthesis of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and bicarbonate, with a critical anaplerotic role in sustaining the brain metabolism. Based on the studies performed on animal models, PC expression was assigned to be glia-specific. To study PC distribution among human neural cells, we probed the cultured human astrocytes and brain sections with antibodies against PC. Additionally, we tested the importance of PC for the viability of cultured human astrocytes by applying the PC inhibitor 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (CPD). Our results establish the expression of PC in mitochondria of human astrocytes in culture and brain tissue and also into a subpopulation of the neurons in situ. CPD negatively affected the viability of astrocytes in culture, which could be partially reversed by supplementing media with malate, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, or pyruvate. The provided data estimates PC expression in human astrocytes and neurons in human brain parenchyma. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of PC is vital for sustaining the viability of cultured astrocytes.
- MeSH
- astrocyty * metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina pyrohroznová metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- neurony metabolismus MeSH
- pyruvátkarboxylasa * metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyselina pyrohroznová MeSH
- pyruvátkarboxylasa * MeSH
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing incidence. Recent evidences suggest glial cells involvement in autism pathophysiology. S100B is a calcium binding protein, mainly found in astrocytes and therefore used as a marker of their activity. In our study, children with autism had higher plasma concentrations of S100B compared to non-autistic controls. No association of S100B plasma levels with behavioral symptoms (ADI-R and ADOS-2 scales) was found. Plasma S100B concentration significantly correlated with urine serotonin, suggesting their interconnection. Correlation of plasma S100B levels with stool calprotectin concentrations was found, suggesting not only brain astrocytes, but also enteric glial cells may take part in autism pathogenesis. Based on our findings, S100B seems to have a potential to be used as a biomarker of human neurodevelopmental disorders, but more investigations are needed to clarify its exact role in pathomechanism of autism.
- MeSH
- autistická porucha krev moč MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- S-100 kalcium vázající protein G, podjednotka beta krev MeSH
- serotonin moč MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex MeSH
- S-100 kalcium vázající protein G, podjednotka beta MeSH
- S100B protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- serotonin MeSH
Authors provide review on diffuse and focal splenic lesions, traumatic injuries, contribution of ultrasonography in staging of malignant lymphomas and ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy. Special attention is given to the question of normal spleen size and diagnosis of splenomegaly. In 230 patients (98 males) aged 18-72 years (median 34.2) witch underwent complex preventive examination, maximal longitudinal diameter (LDmax) of the spleen were measured. Using linear regression analysis relation of spleen size and body high, weigh and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated. Median LDmax was 10.1 cm, range 7.8-13.5 cm. As a reference limit authors accept 95% confidence interval of median: 7.9-12.3 cm. Statistically significant correlation (p < 0.01, r = 0.31) between LDmax and body high was found out. Ultrasonography because of diagnostic efficiency is suggested the method of choice in diagnosing pathologic involvement of the spleen.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory sleziny diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- slezina diagnostické zobrazování parazitologie MeSH
- splenomegalie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The authors present an account on contemporary knowledge of the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fibrillar glomerulopathies. The latter are characterized by extracellular localized microfibrils and microtubules resp. in the glomeruli of the kidneys, their diameter being 8-60 nm. They are divided into amyloid and non-amyloid types. The others are classified according to the immunofluorescent finding into immunoglobulin positive and negative ones. The differential diagnosis is important in particular in immunoglobulin positive ones as they are present in serious diseases such as cryoglobulinaemia, monoclonal gammapathy, systemic lupus erythematosus and immunotactoid glomerulopathy.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glomerulonefritida diagnóza etiologie patologie MeSH
- glomerulus ultrastruktura MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nefrotický syndrom patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenomas are scarce. They may cause an extremely rare form of hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is often delayed because the clinical symptoms are attributed to common types of hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis involves detection of elevated or normal (unsuppressed) thyrotropin levels in hyperthyroid patients and evidence of a pituitary adenoma by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The thyrotropin response in the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test is either absent or insufficient. When the pituitary microadenoma appears to be undetectable, the familiar syndrome of selective pituitary resistance to thyroid hormones has to be excluded. Treatment involves extirpation of the tumour. If the macroadenoma is not removed completely, external radiotherapy of the pituitary follows. If this conventional treatment does not produce an adequate effect, treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogues is recommended.
- MeSH
- adenom diagnóza metabolismus terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hypofýzy diagnóza metabolismus terapie MeSH
- thyreotropin metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- thyreotropin MeSH
BACKGROUND: The second part of the study was designed to assess Consupren side effects. METHODS AND RESULTS: The groups of patients studied were described in Part I. Side affects typical of Cy-A were evaluated only in the CS group. Gastrointestinal intolerance, only mild and temporary, was observed in 31%, neurotoxicity in 44%, hypertrichosis in 37%, nephrotoxicity in 25%, and gingival hypertrophy in 19%. Mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly in the course of treatment. When changes in blood pressure were individually investigated in particular patients, they were found in 31% in the CS group and in none in the K group. Mean values of uric acid non-significantly increased in the CS group and, on individual investigation, hyperuricaemia was observed in 31%. Mean values of serum potassium did not alter significantly. Signs of possible hepatotoxicity were found in 37% patients of the CS group. In this group, there was a significant decrease in haemoglobin mean values and a decrease in haemoglobin of more than 25 g/l was observed in 44% of CS group patients. In the K group significant decrease in mean leukocyte count was noted, but no patient developed real leukopenia. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of side effects was comparable to data known from the literature.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- cyklofosfamid škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- cyklosporin škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- glomerulonefritida farmakoterapie MeSH
- imunosupresiva škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklofosfamid MeSH
- cyklosporin MeSH
- imunosupresiva MeSH
BACKGROUND: Experience gained from recent studies shows, that Cyclosporine-A (Cy-A) may decrease proteinuria (PU) in some forms of chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) with the nephrotic syndrome. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of Czech-made Cy-A, Consupren. METHODS AND RESULTS: 30 patients with chronic GN, confirmed by biopsy and PU higher than 3 g/d, corticodependent or corticoresistant, were randomized according to the month of birth to either therapy with Consupren at an initial dose of 5 mg/kg/d (CS group, after dropout of 3 patients who did not finish the treatment, n = 16) or Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/d (K group, n = 11), and prednisone maintained at the original dose in both groups. The treatment was stopped after six months or after achieving remission. The main criterion of efficacy was PU. The decrease in mean values, statistically evaluated by Holm's procedure was highly significant in the CS group and non-significant in the K group. A similar evaluation of PU corrected by glomerular filtration rate was significant in both groups. Partial or complete remission was reached in 50% of CS group patients and in 34% of K group patients (NS). In the CS group a significant increase in the mean values of albumin and gama-globulin, and a decrease in cholesterol levels were observed. In the K group, these changes were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic GN and the nephrotic syndrome, the efficacy of Consupren treatment gives comparable, or even better results versus treatment with Cyclophosphamide.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití MeSH
- cyklosporin terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glomerulonefritida farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklofosfamid MeSH
- cyklosporin MeSH
- imunosupresiva MeSH
The authors submit a review on the etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of chronic renal insufficiency. They emphasize the fact that based on pathogenetic ideas it proved possible to influence the majority of pathological processes: retention and deficiency of substances as well as impaired regulation. After introduction of treatment, using erythropoietin, calcitriol as well as due to advances in the technique and quality of dialysis treatment, the patients' quality of life improved substantially. The authors draw attention also to the danger of accumulation of some drugs in renal insufficiency and its development.
- MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The authors present contemporary views on the pathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of chronic renal failure. A comprehensive approach to the pathogenesis of renal failure revealed new therapeutic methods such as treatment with erythropoietin, vitamin D etc. The authors emphasize substantial changes in the quality and range of the clinical picture which developed due to the prolonged survival of patients with dialyzation treatment. New problems developed such as e.g. dialyzation amyloidosis, aluminium intoxication, endocrine changes, increased occurrence of malignities etc. These must be foreseen, diagnosed and treated. While during the first half of this century uraemia was a fatal disease, at the end of the nineties patients survive due to the dialyzation and transplantation programme.
- MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The prostaglandins 6-keto Pgf1 alpha,PG F2 alpha and thromboxane B2 before and during haemodialysis were studied by means of radioisotope method. A significant increase of 6-keto PGF1 alpha and decrease of PGF2 alpha was found. The concentration of thromboxane B2 was markedly, but not significantly decreased. This constellation inhibiting the thrombocytes aggregation and promoting vasodilation seems to be favourable as far as biocompatibility is concerned. Dialysis treatment caused no significant changes in prostaglandins concentration.
- MeSH
- 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alfa krev MeSH
- dialýza ledvin * MeSH
- dinoprost krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- prostaglandiny krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alfa MeSH
- dinoprost MeSH
- prostaglandiny MeSH
