Myxozoans are a group of diverse, spore-forming metazoan microparasites bound to aquatic environments. Sphaerospora dykovae (previously S. renicola) causes renal sphaerosporosis and acute swim bladder inflammation (SBI) in juvenile Cyprinus carpio carpio, in central Europe. A morphologically similar species with comparably low pathogenicity, S. angulata has been described from C. c. carpio, Carassius auratus auratus and Carassius gibelio. To clarify uncertainties and ambiguities in taxon identification in these hosts we decided to re-investigate differences in spore morphology using a statistical approach, in combination with SSU and LSU rDNA sequence analyses. We found that developing spores of S. angulata and S. dykovae cannot be distinguished morphologically and designed a duplex PCR assay for the cryptic species that demonstrated S. dykovae is specific to C. c. carpio, whereas S. angulata infects C. a. auratus and C. gibelio. The molecular identification of myxozoan blood stages in common carp and goldfish, which had previously been ascribed to Sphaerospora spp. showed that approximately 75% of blood stages were from non-sphaerosporid coelozoic species infecting these cyprinids and more than 10% were from an alien species, Myxobilatus gasterostei, developing in sticklebacks. We hereby report non-selective myxozoan host invasion and multi-species infections, whose role in SBI still requires clarification.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- kapři parazitologie MeSH
- krev parazitologie MeSH
- ledviny parazitologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Myxozoa klasifikace cytologie genetika fyziologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
A total of 18 Neoparamoeba strains were characterized both morphologically and using the SSU rRNA gene sequences as molecular markers. Nine were isolated from gills of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., six from sediments sampled in areas of sea-cage farms and three from net material of sea-cages. The newly obtained sequences extended substantially the dataset of Neoparamoeba strains available for phylogenetic analyses, which were used to infer taxonomic relatedness among 32 strains morphologically assigned to this genus. In addition to the N. pemaquidensis and N. aestuarina clades, phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished a third clade with sequences from six strains. Members of this clade are characterized as representatives of a new species, N. branchiphila n. sp. The diagnostic primers for the identification of this species are introduced.
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- Lobosea genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- modely genetické MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
- RNA ribozomální genetika MeSH
- Salmo salar mikrobiologie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- žábry mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA primery MeSH
- RNA ribozomální MeSH
Eighteen Naegleria strains were isolated from organs of freshwater fishes belonging to 5 species. Morphometric study allowed the separation of the Naegleria strains from the non-vahlkampfiid amoeboflagellates, but was inadequate for species determination. Six strains, representatives of groups that had a slightly different cyst size, were selected and corresponding derived clones were subjected to sequence analysis and riboprinting restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA genes. One strain isolated from the brain of a fish with systemic infection was characterised by an intronless 2 kb long SSU rRNA gene and was identified as N. australiensis. Another 5 strains had a 1.3 kb long group I intron in their SSU rRNA gene and, based on the SSU rRNA sequences and riboprints, RFLP-PCR patterns appeared in phylogenetic trees to be closely related to Naegleria clarki.
- MeSH
- amébiáza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- Naegleria klasifikace genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- ribotypizace MeSH
- RNA protozoální genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální genetika MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- RNA protozoální MeSH
- RNA ribozomální MeSH
Four strains of non-encysting amoebae were isolated from organs of freshwater fishes and characterized using light and electron microscope. Morphology of three clonal strains was consistent with amoebae which had already been described from water habitats. Two strains, one isolated from kidney tissue of common goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), and the second one from brain of chub, Leuciscus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, were identified with Vannella platypodia (Gläser, 1912) Page, 1976. Both strains were identical, except for the length of glycostyles. The strain isolated from the liver of perch, Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), was assigned to the genus Vexillifera Schaeffer, 1926 as Vexillifera expectata sp. n. The taxonomic position of the fourth non-encysting strain could not be safely established, although it shares some trophic cell structures with protostelids (Protostelia, Eumycetozoea). We present its detailed description here also to demonstrate that amoeba stages of this type of organisms are capable to infect fishes.
- MeSH
- Amoebida klasifikace izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- ledviny parazitologie MeSH
- mozek parazitologie MeSH
- ryby parazitologie MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- slezina parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The sequences of 10 conservative regions (CR) of minicircles of 6 selected isolates of freshwater fish trypanosomes have typical organization of this region with high degree of sequence conservation. The comparison with CRs of other trypanosomatids showed that freshwater fish trypanosomes represent a compact separate group within the genus Trypanosoma. The alignment of all sequences obtained revealed, however, the existence of 2 types of CRs in sequenced minicircles, with the differences concentrated in a short region. Taxonomic consequences of these results are discussed.
- MeSH
- kinetoplastová DNA genetika MeSH
- konzervovaná sekvence genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- ryby parazitologie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- Trypanosoma genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kinetoplastová DNA MeSH
The interactions of fish trypanosome culture forms with 11 purified lectins were compared using the agglutination test in microwell plates. Altogether, ten stocks of ten different freshwater fish species were examined. Three basic types of cell-lectin interactions were observed on the microscopical level. The strong agglutination of all stocks regardless their original host was found in the presence of Con A, PSA, RCA60, and RCA120, which implies the presence of relatively high amounts of sugar residues of D-mannose and D-galactose in the surface of culture forms of these parasites. Weak agglutinations of some stocks were observed in the presence of LCA, PNA, SBA, and WGA lectins, but their low intensity makes them not sufficiently reliable for stock characterization. The lectins UEA I, HPA, and PHA caused no agglutination. In conclusion, in case of unequivocal results no remarkable differences in the interactions of various stocks of trypanosomes culture forms with used lectins were observed. These results imply the high degree of similarity of their main cell surface saccharide structures.
- MeSH
- aglutinační testy MeSH
- lektiny metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- Trypanosoma metabolismus MeSH
- trypanozomiáza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- lektiny MeSH
Nine strains of trypanoplasms were grown in axenic culture. Cultures of Trypanoplasma borreli Laveran and Mesnil, 1901 from fish hosts Blicca bjoerkna, Cyprinus carpio, Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Tinca tinca and of T. guerneyorum Minchin, 1909 from Esox lucius and Trypanoplasma spp. from the leech Piscicola geometra were maintained in biphasic blood-agar medium SNB-9 supplemented with vitamins and antibiotics. In culture, the flagellates transformed into smaller, elongated stages with a little-developed undulating membrane and into short flagella that were morphologically similar to stages in the leech vector. The cultures were passaged weekly at 17-20 degrees C, but they also grew at 4 degrees C. The flagellates divided by binary fission, which was initiated by the formation of two new anterior flagella. The original anterior flagellum of the mother individual was gradually apposed to the cell surface and became the recurrent flagellum of one of the daughter individuals. In the meantime, nuclear division took place, followed by transverse cleavage of the kinetoplast. The division was completed by longitudinal fission of the mother individual into two offspring. Multiple fission that resulted in rosettes, which then cleaved into several daughter cells, was also observed, as well as some dyskinetoplastic and other anomalous forms. In cultures isolated from tenches with high parasitaemia, non-dividing, long filiform stages were observed. Culture stages were not infective for susceptible fishes.
- MeSH
- Eukaryota růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální infekce zvířat * MeSH
- protozoální infekce parazitologie MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kultivační média MeSH