AIM: Overactivation of the IL-33/IL-13 axis is the main step in initializing allergic inflammation and promoting allergic diseases. Data on viral pathogens as risk factors for subsequent allergic disease are contradictory. The strongest associations have been made between upper respiratory tract virus infections and asthma. Intestinal viral infections also activate IL-33 and IL-13 as part of the innate antiviral response. The aim of this study was to test whether there are differences in IL-13 and IL-33 concentrations in pediatric patients with acute rotavirus- and norovirus infections and healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty children with acute rotavirus, 27 with acute norovirus intestinal infections and 17 control children were enrolled in this study. Blood IL-33 and IL-13 detection was performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS: Acute rotavirus infection caused a significant elevation in IL-33 and IL-13 compared to acute norovirus infection (63.85 pg/ml vs. 0, P = 0.0026, and 94.24 pg/ml vs. 0.88 pg/ml, P = 0.0003, respectively) and healthy controls (63.85 pg/ml vs. 9.89 pg/ ml, P = 0.0018, and 94.24 pg/ml vs. 0.14 pg/ml, P < 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference in IL-33 and IL-13 concentrations between the acute norovirus group and healthy controls (0 vs. 9.89 pg/ml, P = 0.8276 and 0.88 pg/ml vs. 0.14 pg/ml, P = 0.1652, respectively). CONCLUSION: Acute rotavirus infection causes a significant elevation in IL-33 and IL-13, compared to norovirus and healthy control children.

• Klíčová slova
• Norovirus, Rotavirus, interleukin-13, interleukin-33,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• feces MeSH
• gastroenteritida * diagnóza   MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Caliciviridae * diagnóza   MeSH
• interleukin 33 MeSH
• interleukin-13 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Norovirus * MeSH
• rotavirové infekce * diagnóza   MeSH
• Rotavirus * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• IL13 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• IL33 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin 33 MeSH
• interleukin-13 MeSH

Rotavirus genomes are distributed between 11 distinct RNA molecules, all of which must be selectively copackaged during virus assembly. This likely occurs through sequence-specific RNA interactions facilitated by the RNA chaperone NSP2. Here, we report that NSP2 autoregulates its chaperone activity through its C-terminal region (CTR) that promotes RNA-RNA interactions by limiting its helix-unwinding activity. Unexpectedly, structural proteomics data revealed that the CTR does not directly interact with RNA, while accelerating RNA release from NSP2. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of an NSP2-RNA complex reveal a highly conserved acidic patch on the CTR, which is poised toward the bound RNA. Virus replication was abrogated by charge-disrupting mutations within the acidic patch but completely restored by charge-preserving mutations. Mechanistic similarities between NSP2 and the unrelated bacterial RNA chaperone Hfq suggest that accelerating RNA dissociation while promoting intermolecular RNA interactions may be a widespread strategy of RNA chaperone recycling.

• Klíčová slova
• RNA chaperones, genome assembly, ribonucleoproteins, rotavirus,
• MeSH
• elektronová kryomikroskopie MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• molekulární chaperony metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• proteiny vázající RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA virová genetika   MeSH
• Rotavirus genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• sbalování RNA genetika   MeSH
• virové nestrukturální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• zabalení virového genomu genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• molekulární chaperony MeSH
• proteiny vázající RNA MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• virové nestrukturální proteiny MeSH

Rotaviruses infect cells by binding to specific cell surface molecules including gangliosides, heat shock protein cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), and some integrins. The characterization of cell surface receptors defining viral tropism is crucial for inhibiting entry into the normal cells or the cancer cells. In the present work, several tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates were tested for their interaction with some heat shock proteins (HSPs) present in the U-937 cells, derived from a human pleural effusion (histiocytic lymphoma monocyte). This interaction was examined by virus overlay protein-binding (VOPB), immunochemistry, immuno-dot blot assays, and flow cytometry. The results indicated that the rotavirus isolates studied were able to infect U937 cells by interacting with Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, Hsc70, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and integrin β3, which are implicated in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and cancer development. Interestingly, these cellular proteins were found to be associated in lipid microdomains (rafts), facilitating in this way eventual sequential interactions of the rotavirus particles with the cell surface receptors. The rotavirus tropism for U937 cells through the use of these cell surface proteins made this rotavirus isolates an attractive target for the development of oncolytic strategies in the context of alternative and complementary treatment of cancer.

• MeSH
• internalizace viru * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSC70 MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 genetika   MeSH
• proteiny teplotního šoku * metabolismus   MeSH
• Rotavirus * metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSC70 MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 MeSH
• proteiny teplotního šoku * MeSH

Bats host many viruses pathogenic to humans, and increasing evidence suggests that rotavirus A (RVA) also belongs to this list. Rotaviruses cause diarrheal disease in many mammals and birds, and their segmented genomes allow them to reassort and increase their genetic diversity. Eighteen out of 2,142 bat fecal samples (0.8%) collected from Europe, Central America, and Africa were PCR-positive for RVA, and 11 of those were fully characterized using viral metagenomics. Upon contrasting their genomes with publicly available data, at least 7 distinct bat RVA genotype constellations (GCs) were identified, which included evidence of reassortments and 6 novel genotypes. Some of these constellations are spread across the world, whereas others appear to be geographically restricted. Our analyses also suggest that several unusual human and equine RVA strains might be of bat RVA origin, based on their phylogenetic clustering, despite various levels of nucleotide sequence identities between them. Although SA11 is one of the most widely used reference strains for RVA research and forms the backbone of a reverse genetics system, its origin remained enigmatic. Remarkably, the majority of the genotypes of SA11-like strains were shared with Gabonese bat RVAs, suggesting a potential common origin. Overall, our findings suggest an underexplored genetic diversity of RVAs in bats, which is likely only the tip of the iceberg. Increasing contact between humans and bat wildlife will further increase the zoonosis risk, which warrants closer attention to these viruses.IMPORTANCE The increased research on bat coronaviruses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) allowed the very rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2. This is an excellent example of the importance of knowing viruses harbored by wildlife in general, and bats in particular, for global preparedness against emerging viral pathogens. The current effort to characterize bat rotavirus strains from 3 continents sheds light on the vast genetic diversity of rotaviruses and also hints at a bat origin for several atypical rotaviruses in humans and animals, implying that zoonoses of bat rotaviruses might occur more frequently than currently realized.

• Klíčová slova
• SA11, Viral metagenomics, bat rotavirus, rotavirus genetic diversity, zoonosis,
• MeSH
• Chiroptera virologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 přenos   virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• koně MeSH
• koronavirus MERS izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metagenomika MeSH
• průjem virologie   MeSH
• rotavirové infekce přenos   virologie   MeSH
• Rotavirus genetika   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zoonózy přenos   virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

An unusual reassortant rotavirus A (RVA) strain was isolated during RVA surveillance in two previously hospitalized children in 2018. G/P typing revealed uncommon G9P[4] genotypes, so the strains were further characterized by Illumina next-generation sequencing. Whole-genome typing showed that the two strains had a DS-1-like backbone except for NSP2: G9-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N1-T2-E2-H2. The two strains shared 99.9-100% nucleotide sequence identity in all genes.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rotavirové infekce virologie   MeSH
• Rotavirus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Group A rotavirus (RVA) is one of leading causes of gastroenteritis in children under five years of age and is also an important nosocomial pathogen. In Europe, the most prevalent genotypes of RVA are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. Severe dehydration is the most important complication of RVA gastroenteritis. Each year, rotavirus infection is responsible for 3,000 to 5,000 hospitalizations of children in the Czech Republic. The aim of this study was to detect rotaviruses in patients with suspected acute viral gastroenteritis. METHODS: A total of 1 566 stool samples were obtained from patients with acute gastroenteritis from March 2016 to December 2018. All samples were tested by the enzyme immunoassay, rapid immunochromatographic test and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay to detect RVA. All RVA positive samples were G- and P-typed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RVA was detected in 13.7 % of the samples (214/1566). The incidence of RVA was 58.9 % (126/214) in males and 41.1 % (88/214) in females. The percentages of positivity ranged from 1 % to 33 % in different age groups. The highest proportion of positive patients was in the age group 4-5 years, 32.6 % (30/92). There was a significant difference in the incidence of rotaviruses between different age groups (p = 0.3946). The prevalent RVA genotypes were G1P[8], G9P[8], G3P[8], G2P[4] and G8P[8]. The detection of the G8P[8] genotype was unusual. The obtained results show that despite the possibility of vaccination, the incidence of RVA infection remains high in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• imunoanalýza MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky * normy   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• RNA virová genetika   MeSH
• rotavirové infekce * diagnóza   epidemiologie   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• Rotavirus * genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA virová MeSH

Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and a major cause of childhood mortality in low-income countries. RVAs are mostly host-specific, but interspecies transmission and reassortment between human and animal RVAs significantly contribute to their genetic diversity. We investigated the VP7 and VP4 genotypes of RVA isolated from 225 stool specimens collected from Czech patients with gastroenteritis during 2016-2019. The most abundant genotypes were G1P[8] (42.7%), G3P[8] (11.1%), G9P[8] (9.8%), G2P[4] (4.4%), G4P[8] (1.3%), G12P[8] (1.3%), and, surprisingly, G8P[8] (9.3%). Sequence analysis of G8P[8] strains revealed the highest nucleotide similarity of all Czech G8 sequences to the G8P[8] rotavirus strains that were isolated in Vietnam in 2014/2015. The whole-genome backbone of the Czech G8 strains was determined with the use of next-generation sequencing as DS-1-like. Phylogenetic analysis of all segments clustered the Czech isolates with RVA strains that were formerly described in Southeast Asia, which had emerged following genetic reassortment between bovine and human RVAs. This is the first time that bovine-human DS1-like G8P[8] strains were detected at a high rate in human patients in Central Europe. Whether the emergence of this unusual genotype reflects the establishment of a new RVA strain in the population requires the continuous monitoring of rotavirus epidemiology.

• Klíčová slova
• Central Europe, G8, bovine–human reassortants, gastroenteritis, rotavirus A,
• MeSH
• antigeny virové genetika   MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• gastroenteritida epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• reassortantní viry genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• RNA virová genetika   MeSH
• rotavirové infekce epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• Rotavirus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny virové MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny MeSH
• VP4 protein, Rotavirus MeSH Prohlížeč
• VP7 protein, Rotavirus MeSH Prohlížeč

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare results of two commercially available kits used for routine detection of Rotavirus A in human stool samples with results of commercial quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) test and in-house RT-qPCR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total, 749 stool samples were screen-ed with the use of four different methods. The samples were collected from four diagnostic laboratories from March 2016 to June 2017. Diagnose of gastrointestinal disorders was stated in one third of tested patients, the rest of samples was collected from patients with other primary diagnose. The samples were tested with the enzymatic immunoassay (EIA) (RIDASCREEN® Rotavirus) and with rapid diagnostic immunochromatographic test (RDT) (IMMUNOQUICK® No-Rot-Adeno). As a reference method a commercial RT-qPCR test was used (Primerdesign Genesig® Kit) and it was compared with in-house RT-qPCR test prepared in our laboratory. The samples which in the reference RT-qPCR gave positive signal of reaction in cycle 28 or higher (Ct 28) were assessed as negatives in order to include only samples with some clinical relevance into sensitivity determination. RESULTS: Diagnostic sensitivity was assessed as 84.2% for EIA and 82.5% for RDT. The specificity of those tests was calculated as 97.8% for EIA and 96.4% for RDT. The performance of both diagnostic tests describing their positive predictive value was determined to be 87.3% for EIA and 80.3% for RDT. Negative predictive value was calculated to be 97.2% for EIA and 96.8% for RDT. Proportion of RVA-positive samples determined with the reference RT-qPCR test with our own cut-off level was 15.2% (n=114). Comparisons of the in-house and reference RT-qPCR tests showed very good agreement of results. The sensitivity of the in-house test was 100% and its specificity 99.7%. CONCLUSIONS: RT-qPCR is more sensitive for surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis than routinely used EIA or RDT methods. The specificity of both evaluated tests was very high. However, EIA was in all performance parameters assessed better than RDT.

• Klíčová slova
• rotavirus A - enzymatic immunoassay - immunochromato-graphic test - RT-qPCR, rotavirus A - enzymatic immunoassay - immunochromato-graphic test - RT-qPCR.,
• MeSH
• chromatografie * normy   MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• imunoanalýza normy   MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky * normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí * normy   MeSH
• rotavirové infekce * MeSH
• Rotavirus * izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Population of wild boar is increasing in the whole Europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. The aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the Czech Republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups A and C (RVA and RVC), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and members of family Coronaviridae (transmissible gastroenteritis virus - TGEV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - PEDV, porcine respiratory coronavirus - PRCV, and porcine hemagglutination encephalomyelitis virus - PHEV) and Picornaviridae,(teschovirus A - PTV, sapelovirus A - PSV, and enterovirus G - EV-G). In our study, stool samples from 203 wild boars culled during hunting season 2014-2015 (from October to January) were examined by RT-PCR. RVA was detected in 2.5% of tested samples. Nucleotide analysis of VP7, VP4, and VP6 genes revealed that four RVA strains belong to G4P[25]I1, G4P[6]I5, G11P[13]I5, and G5P[13]I5 genotypes and phylogenetic analysis suggested close relation to porcine and human RVAs. The prevalence of RVC in wild boar population reached 12.8%, PTV was detected in 20.2%, PSV in 8.9%, and EV-G in 2.5% of samples. During our study no PRRSV or coronaviruses were detected. Our study provides the first evidence of RVC prevalence in wild boars and indicates that wild boars might contribute to the genetic variability of RVA and also serve as an important reservoir of other enteric viruses.

• Klíčová slova
• Enteric viruses, Phylogeny, RT-PCR, Rotavirus A, Wild boar,
• MeSH
• antigeny virové genetika   MeSH
• Coronaviridae genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces virologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Coronaviridae epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci prasat epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• Picornaviridae genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• pikornavirové infekce epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• rotavirové infekce epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• Rotavirus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zdroje nemoci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny virové MeSH
• virové plášťové proteiny MeSH
• VP4 protein, Rotavirus MeSH Prohlížeč
• VP6 protein, Rotavirus MeSH Prohlížeč
• VP7 protein, Rotavirus MeSH Prohlížeč

OBJECTIVES: To provide valuable local data on the economic burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) for decision making on introduction of rotavirus vaccination in Central European countries. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective patient hospital chart review during the winter RVGE peak in the Czech Republic (n = 109), Hungary (n = 109), Poland, (n = 112), and Slovakia (n = 115) to estimate resource use and associated costs from the payer's perspective in children younger than 5 years with severe RVGE requiring hospitalization. Microcosting analysis was used to estimate the average costs of treating RVGE inpatients including pre- and posthospitalization costs. RESULTS: The average cost of treatment was €476, €316, €741, and €594 in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, respectively. Extrapolating these costs to the total number of RVGE hospitalizations gives annual cost estimates of €2.1 million, €1.5 million, €13.2 million, and €1.5 million, respectively. The main component of expenditure in all the four countries is the hospital stay, but wide variation among countries was observed (total cost of treating RVGE in hospital was almost 2.5-fold higher in Poland than in Hungary). In countries with diagnosis related group (DRG) costs available, the best agreement between real resource-use-driven costs and the DRG cost was found in the Czech Republic and Hungary, with differences of only €22 and €33, respectively. In Poland, the microcosting indicated higher overall costs incurred in hospital than the DRG cost, with a difference exceeding €190. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization of children with RVGE represents a substantial economic burden for the national health systems in these countries.

• Klíčová slova
• Visegrad region, chart review, cost burden, incidence, rotavirus gastroenteritis, vaccination,
• MeSH
• gastroenteritida ekonomika   terapie   MeSH
• hospitalizace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči * MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rotavirové infekce ekonomika   terapie   MeSH
• Rotavirus * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH