Previous studies have reported that respiratory infections can cause sudden death in infants. In one report, many infants had mild respiratory infection symptoms before their sudden death. However, we have also seen many cases of sudden death in asymptomatic infants who were diagnosed with respiratory infections based on detailed postmortem examinations. However, no study has investigated the differences between symptomatic death and asymptomatic death in infants with respiratory infections. In the present study, the risk factors for sudden death in infants with asymptomatic antemortem respiratory infections were investigated using forensic autopsy cases in our laboratory. The investigation showed that deaths associated with asymptomatic respiratory infections were relatively more common in infants younger than one year, of normal birth weight, and fed exclusively with formula milk, as well as infants who had fallen asleep within one hour of their last meal. The results reconfirmed that such small daily changes, such as expression and behavior changes, should be carefully observed when managing infants, including those with no apparent health problems.

• Klíčová slova
• : sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), Infants, asymptomatic sudden death, infants, respiratory infection, sudden unexpected death in infants (SUDI),
• MeSH
• asymptomatické infekce * MeSH
• infekce dýchací soustavy * komplikace   mortalita   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců * etiologie   MeSH
• náhlá smrt * etiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In the study the results of the relation between infant (neonatal + post-neonatal) mortality and the gynaecological and unemployment factors are presented. The findings are based on Bayesian modelling and indicate the possible influence of the unemployment situation on mortality, whereas no correlation was found as regards access to the availability of gynaecological health care. The main conclusion is that elevated unemployment which could be referred to a poor socioeconomic situation (amongst other factors) may force pregnant women to pay more attention to improving their life conditions, than to sufficient medical controlling.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenecká mortalita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců epidemiologie   MeSH
• nezaměstnanost statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• vrozené vady epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH

This study aimed to estimate the number of infants who died of unrecognized congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in Austria and the Czech Republic within the past 13 years, before the introduction of adequate neonatal screening. The study was based on retrospective analysis of neonatal screening cards of 242 infants who died suddenly between 7 days and 12 months of age and whose cause of death could not be identified. 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) was measured by fluoroimmunoassay and positive samples were subsequently genotyped. Three infants out of 242 may have had unrecognized CAH due to CYP21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene defect. Their newborn 17-OHP levels and CYP21 genotypes were 706 nmol/l and del/conv//del/conv, 53 nmol/l and I2//I2, and 811 nmol/l and I2//Gln318stop, respectively. CAH due to CYP21 defect can lead to sudden unexpected death without prior symptoms typical for the condition. Hence, newborn screening would have prevented these deaths had it been available. In addition, we have shown that the I2 point mutation that is expected to lead to simple virilizing form may lead to a fatal outcome.

• MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kongenitální adrenální hyperplazie epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců epidemiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecký screening MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Rakousko epidemiologie   MeSH

Important risk factors associated with sudden infant deaths include in addition to the prone position also other exogenous factors which influence the respiratory function of the infant, in particular during the first half of his life. The negative action of maternal smoking during pregnancy damages foetal development and the child can suffer damage also from cigarette smoke in the environment. The investigation indicates possible toxic effects of activated matrixins by nitrogen oxides in pulmonary tissue caused by their presence in the environment.

• MeSH
• alveolární makrofágy chemie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaloendopeptidasy analýza   MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• plíce patologie   MeSH
• poškození plic MeSH
• znečištění tabákovým kouřem škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• metaloendopeptidasy MeSH
• znečištění tabákovým kouřem MeSH

During early stages of chronic hypoxia under experimental conditions in the lungs alveolar macrophages are activated and in the latter an increased amount of matrix-metalloproteinase-collagenolytic enzymes is produced. Their presence was assessed in the present study in the lungs of infants who died suddenly (SIDS) and also in subjects who died from a violent death incl. acute and protracted external suffocation. The positive findings of these matrixins, in particular MMP-9 (gelatinase) were assessed in alveolar macrophages not only after protracted suffocation but also in the majority of sudden infant deaths. These findings supplement the mosaic of changes which indicate that sudden infant deaths are preceded by a period when the infant was exposed to hypoxia.

• MeSH
• asfyxie enzymologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaloendopeptidasy analýza   MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců * MeSH
• plíce enzymologie   MeSH
• soudní lékařství MeSH
• vražda * MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• metaloendopeptidasy MeSH

In a group of 7 infants suddenly dying at the age up to 1 year a histological and immunohistochemical investigation was performed aimed to prove possible chronic hypoxic and latent traumatic changes. Presence of ubiquitin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was detected in axon and neurons. In six suddenly dying infants an immunohistochemical positivity was found with antibodies against ubiquitin in brain stem neurons. Antibodies against NSE showed positivity of the white matter was lacking in the detection both of ubiquitin and NSE. Among 12 persons dying of craniocerebral injury an intensive NSE immunopositivity was found in traumatized axons of 7 cases and ubiquitin positivity in 5 cases while brain stem neurons did not show any ubiquitin positivity. Bain stem neurons at sudden death were strongly NSE positive in 5 case, weakly positive in 3 cases and negative in 4 deceased. The combined proof of ubiquitin and NSE in neurons and axons at infant sudden death appears to he advantageous because it combines the detection of traumatic changes and chronic hypoxic lesions as well.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fosfopyruváthydratasa analýza   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kraniocerebrální traumata metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mozek - chemie * MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ubikvitin analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfopyruváthydratasa MeSH
• ubikvitin MeSH

In a comparative study the authors detected presence of eosinophilic protein in infant's lung at sudden death. Degranulation of eosinophillic leucocytes and extracellular foci of this protein were found in a case of such sudden death. Discussion concerned possibility that the release of eosinophilic cationic protein could represent one of the triggering moments of infant sudden death.

• MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• krevní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců * MeSH
• plíce chemie   MeSH
• proteiny eozinofilních granul MeSH
• ribonukleasy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• proteiny eozinofilních granul MeSH
• ribonukleasy * MeSH

Immunohistochemical investigation of heart conductive system showed that degenerative changes described by James (9) in some cells of the system had a nature of programmed death. Extinction of certain of number of cells of a reducted part of the system was found in membranous septum. Apoptotic antigen (21) could be proved in some destructed cells by using anti-Bax and anti-bcl-2 antibodies.

• MeSH
• apoptóza * MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců patologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• převodní systém srdeční chemie   patologie   MeSH
• protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 analýza   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• BAX protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny MeSH

Histologic and immunohistochemical investigation of the brain aimed at diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) was performed in a group of 12 persons deceased of craniocerebral injury. Traumatic axonal change was visualized by immunohistochemical positivity of ubiquitin, low-molecular neurofilaments, beta-amyloid precursor protein and neuron-specific enolase. In addition, H-E stain and silver impregnation of axons according to Palmgren were performed. Diffuse axonal injury was found in 7 cases (58%). In persons surviving more than 12 hours, morphological diagnosis of DAI was based on the finding of so called retraction balls. In person deceased in the first hours after injury, the retraction balls had not been formed yet and DAI was diagnosed according to histochemistry of axonal lesion. The earliest diagnosis of DAI was established 2 hours after injury when axonal lesion showed an immunohistochemical positivity with anti-neuron-specific enolase. In a control group of 6 sudden death cases, axonal oedema was also found but lacking immunohistochemical positivity. Immunohistochemical proof, specially of neuron-specific enolase, seems to be inevitable for diagnosis of early phase DAI when the traumatic etiology of axonal deformities is to be distinguished from possible artificial lesions.

• MeSH
• amyloidový prekurzorový protein beta analýza   MeSH
• axony chemie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fosfopyruváthydratasa analýza   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• mozek - chemie * MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců patologie   MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• poranění mozku metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• soudní lékařství MeSH
• ubikvitiny analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amyloidový prekurzorový protein beta MeSH
• fosfopyruváthydratasa MeSH
• neurofilamentové proteiny MeSH
• ubikvitiny MeSH

Histochemical and immunohistochemical findings in respiratory tract of suddenly deceased infants were a bit different from those with violent death immediately after trauma. The bronchial wall inflammatory infiltration and foci of peribronchial lymphatic tissue did not show any substantial difference in both groups but findings in lung interstitium proper did. A regular finding was the presence of activated macrophages in interstitium and alveolar lumina and an increase of B and T lymphocytes in lung tissue as well. Lung findings in suddenly deceased infants do not have character of a shock lesion bud represents an initial phase of acute inflammation.

• MeSH
• histocytochemie MeSH
• imunofenotypizace MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty patologie   MeSH
• lymfoidní tkáň patologie   MeSH
• makrofágy patologie   MeSH
• náhlá smrt kojenců patologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plíce chemie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH