In Slovakia, dairy products made from ewes' milk have a long tradition. These products include the lactic acid product called "žinčica" which is a by-product occurring during the preparation of ewes' lump cheese. There is no information in the literature regarding the special properties of the microbiota, especially lactic acid Firmicutes, which can survive in "žinčica." From the safety aspect, enterococci are a controversial group of bacteria, and those from "žinčica" have never been tested for their properties. The "žinčica" used in our study was supplied by several different agrofarms producing ewes' lump cheese in central Slovakia. The species Enterococcus faecium (strains EF30E1, EF32E1, EF34E1, EF34E5) and Enterococcus faecalis (strains EE30E4, EE35E1, E31E2, altogether 7) were detected in samples from "žinčica" identified using MALDI-TOF spectrometry with secure genus identification/probable species identification and then confirmed by means of PCR. Enterococci were hemolysis-negative and the genes of the typical enterococcal virulence factors were mostly absent; the gelE gene was found in two E. faecium strains (EF30E1 and EF32E1), the agg gene was detected in E. faecalis EE35E1, and the esp gene was found in two E. faecalis strains (EE30E4 and EE31E2). No strains harbored the cytolysin A gene. Biofilm formation was detected in four strains (EF30E1, EF32E1, EF34E1, and EF34E5), indicating highly positive and low-grade positive biofilm formation. Enterococci were mostly susceptible to antibiotics tested for their phenotype. This is the first study to analyze enterococci in "žinčica."

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecalis účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   patogenita   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH

Enterococci are widespread bacteria forming the third largest genus among lactic acid bacteria. Some possess probiotic properties or they can produce beneficial proteinaceous antimicrobial substances called enterocins. On the other hand, some enterococci produce biogenic amines (BAs), so this study is focused on the sensitivity to enterocins of biogenic amine-producing faecal enterococci from ostriches and pheasants. Altogether, 60 enterococci isolated from faeces of ostriches and pheasants were tested for production of BAs. This target of the identified enterococci involved 46 strains selected from 140 ostriches and 17 from 60 pheasants involving the species Enterococcus hirae, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. mundtii. Although BAs histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, and tryptamine were not detected in the enterococci tested, in general high BA production by the tested enterococci was noted. The species E. hirae formed the majority of the enterococcal strains from ostrichs faeces (34 strains). High production of tyramine (TYM) was measured with an average amount of 958.16 ± 28.18 mg/ml. Among the enterococci from pheasants, the highest was production of TYM compared to phenylethylamine, spermidine, and spermine. Enterococci featured high BA production; however, they were sensitive to seven enterocins with inhibition activity ranging from 100 up to 25,600 AU/ml.

• Klíčová slova
• Biogenic amines, Enterocins, Enterococci, Poultry, Production, Sensitivity,
• MeSH
• biogenní aminy biosyntéza   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fenethylaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• Galliformes mikrobiologie   MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• spermidin biosyntéza   MeSH
• spermin biosyntéza   MeSH
• Struthioniformes mikrobiologie   MeSH
• tyramin biosyntéza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biogenní aminy MeSH
• enterocin MeSH Prohlížeč
• fenethylaminy MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny MeSH
• spermidin MeSH
• spermin MeSH
• tyramin MeSH

The present study focuses on the detection of enterococci in ostrich faeces. Forty-six bacterial colonies from 140 ostriches were identified at the species level using the MALDI-TOF MS identification system. According to the score value evaluation, they were allotted to the species Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus mundtii confirmed also by phenotypic testing. Dominated species E. hirae (34 strains) were submitted to more detailed testing. Those strains E. hirae produced either no or only slight amount of the enzymes related to disorders (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, α-chymotrypsin, trypsin). Most of the strains were not hemolytic. They did not harbour the hiracin-producing gene. Five E. hirae strains harboured virulence factor gene gelE; however, they were phenotypically gelatinase negative. They also harboured other virulence factor genes such as esp, efaAfm and ccf. E. hirae strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotics and those resistant at least to one antibiotic were sensitive to enterocins (200-25,600 AU/mL). This study represents original and novel results concerning the enterococcal microflora in ostriches; enterococci in ostriches have not been described in detail up to now; sensitivity to enterocins of E. hirae strains harbouring virulence factor genes to enterocins is also new.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• faktory virulence analýza   genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• Struthioniformes mikrobiologie   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• enterocin MeSH Prohlížeč
• faktory virulence MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny MeSH

Coraciiform birds hoopoe (Upupa epops), common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and European roller (Coracius garrulus) were examined for enterococci in their cloacae and uropygial glands. The enterococcal isolates were identified at the species level using several genomic and proteomic methods, screened for antibiotic susceptibility and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clonality of isolates from the common kingfisher was also assessed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Using selective media, putative enterococcal isolates (n = 117) were recovered from 74% (32 out of a total of 43) of the bird samples and 114 isolates were confirmed as enterococci. Overall, among the total of 6 different species detected, Enterococcus faecalis was dominant (59%) in all three bird species. The second most frequently isolated species was Enterococcus casseliflavus (32%). PFGE revealed great diversity of strains from different bird species and anatomic location. Closely related strains were found only from nestlings from the same nest. No genes conferring resistance to vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1 and van C2/C3) or erythromycin (erm A, ermB and mefA/E) were detected. MLST analysis and eBURST clustering revealed that sequence types of E. faecalis from the common kingfisher were identical to those of isolates found previously in water, chickens, and humans.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• ptáci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

Only limited information exists concerning the microbiota in beaver (Castor fiber). This study has been focused on the virulence factors genes detection in enterococci from beavers. In general, animals are not affected by enterococcal infections, but they can be a reservoir of, e.g. pathogenic strains. Moreover, detection of virulence factors genes in enterococci from beavers was never tested before. Free-living beavers (12), male and female (age 4-5 years) were caught in the north-east part of Poland. Sampling of lower gut and faeces was provided according to all ethical rules for animal handling. Samples were treated using a standard microbiological method. Pure bacterial colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) identification system. Virulence factors genes-gelE (gelatinase), agg (aggregation), cylA (cytolysin A), efaAfs (adhesin Enterococcus faecalis), efaAfm (adhesin Enterococcus faecium) and esp (surface protein) were tested by PCR. Moreover, gelatinase and antibiotic phenotypes were tested. Species detected were Enterococcus thailandicus, E. faecium, E. faecalis and Enterococcus durans. In literature, enterococcal species distribution was never reported yet up to now. Strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotics. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis EE9Tr1 possess cylA, efaAfs, esp and gelE genes. Strains were aggregation substance genes absent. Adhesin E. faecium (efaAfm) gene was detected in two of three E. faecium strains, but it was present also in E. thailandicus. Esp gene was present in EE9Tr1 and E. durans EDTr92. The most detected were gelE, efaAfm genes; in EF 4Hc1 also gelatinase phenotype was found. Strains with virulence factors genes will be tested for their sensitivity to antimicrobial enterocins.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• faktory virulence analýza   genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• hlodavci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• rektum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• želatinasy analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• želatinasy MeSH

Two Gram-positive, catalase-negative bacterial strains were isolated from the cloaca of common kingfishers (Alcedo atthis). Repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting using the (GTG)5 primer grouped these isolates into a single cluster separated from all known enterococcal species. The two strains revealed identical 16S rRNA gene sequences placing them within the genus Enterococcus with Enterococcus aquimarinus LMG 16607(T) as the closest relative (97.14 % similarity). Further taxonomic investigation using sequencing of the genes for the superoxide dismutase (sodA), phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS) and the RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) as well as application of whole-cell protein fingerprinting, automated ribotyping and extensive phenotyping confirmed that both strains belong to the same species. Based on data from this polyphasic study, these strains represent a novel species of the genus Enterococcus, for which the name Enterococcus alcedinis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L34(T) (= CCM 8433(T) = LMG 27164(T)).

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fenylalanin-tRNA-ligasa genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• peptidové mapování MeSH
• ptáci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ribotypizace MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa genetika   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy MeSH
• fenylalanin-tRNA-ligasa MeSH
• RNA polymerase alpha subunit MeSH Prohlížeč
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

A set of 25 urease-producing, yellow-pigmented enterococci was isolated from environmental sources. Phenotypic classification divided the isolates into two phena. Both phena were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA base composition, rep-PCR fingerprinting and automated ribotyping. The obtained data distinguished the isolates from all members of the genus Enterococcus with validly published names and placed them in the Enterococcus faecalis species group. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, pheS and rpoA sequencing and whole-cell protein electrophoresis provided conclusive evidence for the classification of each phenon as a novel species of the genus Enterococcus, for which the names Enterococcus ureilyticus sp. nov. (type strain CCM 4629(T) = LMG 26676(T) = CCUG 48799(T)), inhabiting water and plants, and Enterococcus rotai sp. nov. (type strain CCM 4630(T) = LMG 26678(T) = CCUG 61593(T)), inhabiting water, insects (mosquitoes) and plants, are proposed.

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• pitná voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• ureasa biosyntéza   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• pitná voda MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• ureasa MeSH

The aim of the study was to explore production of seven biogenic amines (phenylethylamine, histamine, cadaverine, tyramine, putrescine, spermine and/or spermidine) by selected staphylococci and enterococci. Thirty three enterococcal strains isolated from rabbit meat (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus) and 21 staphylococcal strains isolated from intestinal content of trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario) were tested. Production of biogenic amines was evaluated after cultivation of the tested microorganisms in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Broth (enterococci) or in the Brain Heart Infusion Broth (staphylococci). Both the above cultivation media were enriched with selected amino acids (histidine, tyrosine, arginine, ornithine and lysine; 2g/L each) serving as precursors of biogenic amines. After cultivation, levels of the monitored biogenic amines in broths were analysed by a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a UV/VIS DAD detector. Among 21 staphylococci, 18 strains produced tyramine or cadaverine, 13 strains formed putrescine or phenylethylamine and only one strain generated histamine. Two staphylococcal strains produced cadaverine levels above 1000 mg/L. Among 33 enterococcal strains, 27 formed cadaverine, 18 strains produced tyramine, 10 strains generated phenylethylamine, and 2 strains gave putrescine. Most of the tyramine producing enterococci generated more than 1000 mg/L of this biogenic amine. Production of spermine or spermidine by the studied strains was not proved.

• MeSH
• biogenní aminy analýza   biosyntéza   MeSH
• dekarboxylace MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• králíci * MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• pstruh * MeSH
• Staphylococcus klasifikace   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biogenní aminy MeSH

A significant number of Enterococcus strains from pristine waters of two brooks in Finland formed a distinct cluster on the basis of whole-cell protein fingerprinting by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. The strains shared the following characteristics. Cells were ovoid, Gram-positive-staining and non-spore-forming, appearing singly or in pairs or chains. They were facultatively anaerobic and catalase-negative. Growth in broth containing 6.5 % NaCl or at 45 °C was weak or absent. Production of D antigen was variable. The strains tolerated 60 °C for 30 min, 40 % bile and tellurite, hydrolysed aesculin strongly and gelatin weakly, produced no acid from hippurate and did not reduce it, grew weakly at 10 °C, showed a strong reaction for the Voges-Proskauer test and produced acid from methyl α-d-glucoside, mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose, with weak or no production of acid from methyl α-d-mannoside, l-arabinose, gluconate and l-xylose. Several of the strains were selected for identification on the basis of sequencing of almost the whole 16S rRNA gene and partial atpA and pheS genes and of (GTG)(5)-PCR fingerprints. Partial atpA and pheS gene sequencing was also performed for those type strains of Enterococcus species without available sequences in the database. The pristine brook isolates formed a novel species, for which the name Enterococcus rivorum sp. nov. (type strain S299(T) = HAMBI 3055(T) = LMG 25899(T) = CCM 7986(T)) is proposed. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, E. rivorum sp. nov. is related to the Enterococcus faecalis genogoup. It is distinguished from described Enterococcus species on the basis of 16S rRNA, atpA and pheS gene sequences and whole-cell protein and (GTG)(5)-PCR fingerprints. It is most closely related to E. faecalis, but DNA-DNA hybridization confirms it to represent a novel species.

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• řeky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Finsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   enzymologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa genetika   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH