Ants in the genera Anochetus and Odontomachus belong to one of the largest clades in the subfamily Ponerinae, and are one of four lineages of ants possessing spring-loaded "trap-jaws." Here we present results from the first global species-level molecular phylogenetic analysis of these trap-jaw ants, reconstructed from one mitochondrial, one ribosomal RNA, and three nuclear protein-coding genes. Bayesian and likelihood analyses strongly support reciprocal monophyly for the genera Anochetus and Odontomachus. Additionally, we found strong support for seven trap-jaw ant clades (four in Anochetus and three in Odontomachus) mostly concordant with geographic distribution. Ambiguity remains concerning the closest living non-trap-jaw ant relative of the Anochetus+Odontomachus clade, but Bayes factor hypothesis testing strongly suggests that trap-jaw ants evolved from a short mandible ancestor. Ponerine trap-jaw ants originated in the early Eocene (52.5Mya) in either South America or Southeast Asia, where they have radiated rapidly in the last 30million years, and subsequently dispersed multiple times to Africa and Australia. These results will guide future taxonomic work on the group and act as a phylogenetic framework to study the macroevolution of extreme ant mouthpart specialization.
- Klíčová slova
- Anochetus, Ants, Odontomachus, Phylogenetics, Trap-jaw ants,
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- cytochromy b klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Formicidae klasifikace genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- fylogeografie MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
- Austrálie MeSH
- jihovýchodní Asie MeSH
- Jižní Amerika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cytochromy b MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S MeSH
Explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out for sarcin-ricin domain (SRD) motifs from 23S (Escherichia coli) and 28S (rat) rRNAs. The SRD motif consists of GAGA tetraloop, G-bulged cross-strand A-stack, flexible region and duplex part. Detailed analysis of the overall dynamics, base pairing, hydration, cation binding and other SRD features is presented. The SRD is surprisingly static in multiple 25 ns long simulations and lacks any non-local motions, with root mean square deviation (r.m.s.d.) values between averaged MD and high-resolution X-ray structures of 1-1.4 A. Modest dynamics is observed in the tetraloop, namely, rotation of adenine in its apex and subtle reversible shift of the tetraloop with respect to the adjacent base pair. The deformed flexible region in low-resolution rat X-ray structure is repaired by simulations. The simulations reveal few backbone flips, which do not affect positions of bases and do not indicate a force field imbalance. Non-Watson-Crick base pairs are rigid and mediated by long-residency water molecules while there are several modest cation-binding sites around SRD. In summary, SRD is an unusually stiff rRNA building block. Its intrinsic structural and dynamical signatures seen in simulations are strikingly distinct from other rRNA motifs such as Loop E and Kink-turns.
- MeSH
- endoribonukleasy metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- fungální proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- kationty chemie MeSH
- konformace nukleové kyseliny MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
- molekulární modely * MeSH
- párování bází MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- ricin metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 23S chemie metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S chemie metabolismus MeSH
- sacharidy chemie MeSH
- vazebná místa MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- vodíková vazba MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alpha-sarcin MeSH Prohlížeč
- endoribonukleasy MeSH
- fungální proteiny MeSH
- kationty MeSH
- ricin MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 23S MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S MeSH
- sacharidy MeSH
- voda MeSH
